| 词条 | ETC Group (AGETC) |
| 释义 |
The ETC Group often publishes opinions on scientific research; its staff and board members come from a variety of backgrounds, including community and regional planning, ecology and evolutionary biology, and political science.[3] History{{Peacock|date=January 2010}}{{More footnotes|date=April 2009}}The ETC Group was known as RAFI (Rural Advancement Foundation International) until 1 September 2001, and its history runs back to the National Sharecroppers Fund that was established in the 1930s by Eleanor Roosevelt (amongst others) to alleviate the plight of poor, mostly black tenant farmers in the U.S.{{Citation needed|date=January 2010}} In the early 1970s, Pat Mooney, Hope Shand, and Cary Fowler began working on the Seeds Issue through the Rural Advancement Foundation—and, in time, set up an international arm concerned with the rights of farmers in the global south. RAFI pioneered civil society research, critiques and advocacy on farmers rights, seed monopoly laws, and opposes adoption of genetic engineering in agriculture, patents on life and biopiracy (a term that RAFI coined) and new life science technologies such as terminator technology, genomic technologies, and nanotechnology. RAFI played a key role is pushing for and shaping UN recognition of farmers' rights and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Advised to change their name in order to secure nonprofit status in the United States, RAFI launched a name change contest on their website in early 2001. After consulting hundreds of suggestions the organization decided upon ETC Group (etcetera).[4] GeoengineeringThe organisation has taken a public campaigning stance against geoengineering,[5] including a campaign called "Hands off Mother Earth!", which was launched in April 2010.[6] In October 2010 a comprehensive report titled "Geopiracy - The Case Against Geoengineering" was published,[7] covering proposed technologies, governance discussions, geoengineering key players and the roles and interests of military and corporations. Diana Bronson of the ETC Group stated global warming was caused by "the scientific, corporate and political establishment of developed countries", and to now think those same people will correct the climate crisis and the biosphere is naïve. Synthetic biologyThe ETC group publicly campaigns for increased regulation in the emerging scientific field of synthetic biology, which they refer to as "extreme genetic engineering".[8] The groups major areas of concern surrounding this field include corporate involvement, and potential threats to biosafety and biosecurity. In an effort to inform opinion about synthetic biology, the ETC Group has released several comic-style illustrations regarding "Synthia", the cell with the first synthetic genome created by Craig Venter and the J. Craig Venter Institute.[9] The illustration titled "The Story of Synthia" has also been adapted into a short video that can be viewed on YouTube.[10] On December 16, 2010, the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues released a report that recommended self-regulation by synthetic biologists, stating that the infant technology posed few risks to society.[11] This decision was strongly opposed by Jim Thomas of the ETC Group, who referred to the recommendations by the commission as "disappointingly empty and timid".[11] The ETC group joined a group of over 50 environmental groups calling for a moratorium on synthetic biology in a letter to government officials that referred to results of the commission as "irresponsible and dangerous" and stated that "self-regulation amounts to no regulation".[11] On January 23, 2012, UC Berkeley's Richmond Field Station was chosen for the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab's second campus.[12] In a news conference meant to address the concerns surrounding synthetic biology at the local, national, and international level, five panelists including Jim Thomas of ETC Group, spoke on the risks associated with synthetic biology.[12] The panel refers to the laboratory's association with UC Berkeley as a "shiny veneer" for a poorly regulated industry with dangerous consequences, and Thomas referred to the "1.6 billion dollar industry" as "genetic engineering on steroids".[12] See also
References1. ^About ETC Group 2. ^RAFI becomes ETC group 3. ^{{cite web|title=People |url=http://www.etcgroup.org/people|website=etcgroup.org |accessdate=1 June 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=RAFI becomes ETC Group|url=http://www.etcgroup.org/content/rafi-becomes-etc-group|website=etcgroup.org|accessdate=17 November 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.etcgroup.org/content/obama-and-geo-engineering-yes-you-can-–-dont|title=Obama and Geo-engineering? Yes, you can – but don't!|date=April 8, 2009|publisher=ETC Group|accessdate=2009-04-10}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/research/2010-06-10-cloud-whitening_N.htm |title=Can whiter clouds reduce global warming?|date=June 11, 2010|author=Oren Dorell|publisher=USA Today}} 7. ^ETC Group: Geopiracy - The Case Against Geoengineering, published 2011-10-18 8. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.etcgroup.org/issues/synthetic-biology|title=Synthetic Biology|publisher=ETC Group|accessdate=2017-02-11}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.etcgroup.org/en/node/4797|title=The Men and Money Behind Synthia|publisher=ETC Group|accessdate=2012-04-13}} 10. ^{{YouTube|id=cXQhJPdlElYE|title=Story of "Synthia" the (theoretical) human-made synthetic microbe}} 11. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/16/science/16synthetic.html|title=Synthetic Biology Does Not Need Regulation Now, Panel Says|date=December 16, 2010|publisher=The New York Times|author=Andrew Pollack|accessdate=2012-04-13}} 12. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/news/ci_20278049/critics-raise-safety-concerns-biotech-labs-at-berkeley|title=Critics raise safety concerns with biotech labs at Berkeley forum|date=March 29, 2012|publisher=Mercury News|author=Robert Rogers|accessdate=2012-04-13}} External links
5 : Appropriate technology organizations|Climate engineering|Organizations established in the 1930s|1930s establishments in the United States|Year of establishment missing |
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