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词条 Radio Times
释义

  1. History and publication

  2. Editors

  3. Regional editions

     Television  Radio 

  4. Colour-coding layouts

  5. Digitisation

  6. Covers

  7. Industrial disputes

     Missing issues  Diminished form 

  8. Radio Times Annual and Guides

  9. Website

  10. See also

  11. Bibliography

  12. References

  13. External links

{{short description|British TV and radio listings magazine}}{{about|the UK listings magazine|the US radio series|Radio Times with Marty Moss-Coane}}{{EngvarB|date=December 2017}}{{Infobox magazine
| title = Radio Times
| logo =
| image_file = RadioTimes-cvr.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = Christmas 2005 double issue
| editor = Mark Frith
| frequency = Weekly
| circulation = 577,087 (January – June 2018)[1]
| category = TV and radio listings magazine
| company = BBC Magazines (1937–2011)
Immediate Media Company (since 2011)
| firstdate = 28 September 1923
| country = United Kingdom
| based = London, England
| language = British English
Scottish Gaelic (Scotland edition)
Welsh (Wales edition)
| website = {{URL|radiotimes.com}}
| issn = 0033-8060
}}

Radio Times is a British weekly magazine which provides radio and television listings. It was the world's first broadcast listings magazine[2] when it was founded in 1923 by John Reith, then general manager of the British Broadcasting Company, later became the British Broadcasting Corporation from 1927.

It was published entirely in-house by BBC Magazines from 1937[3][4] until 2011 when the BBC Magazines division was merged into Immediate Media Company.[5][6][7]

History and publication

Radio Times was first issued on 28 September 1923 for the price of 2d, carrying details of BBC wireless programmes (newspapers at the time boycotted radio listings, fearing that increased listenership might decrease their sales[8]).

Initially, Radio Times was a combined enterprise between the British Broadcasting Company and the publisher George Newnes, who type-set, printed and distributed the magazine. But in 1925 the BBC assumed full editorial control, and by 1937 the publication was fully in-house.[3] The Radio Times established a reputation for using leading writers and illustrators, and the covers from the special editions are now collectible design classics.

In 1928, Radio Times announced a regular series of 'experimental television transmissions by the Baird process' for half an hour every morning. The launch of the first regular 405-line television service by the BBC was reflected with television listings in the Radio Times edition of 23 October 1936.[9] Thus Radio Times became the first television listings magazine in the world. Initially only two pages in each edition were devoted to television. However, on 8 January 1937 the magazine published a lavish photogravure supplement and by September 1939, there were three pages of television listings.

Britain declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939 and television broadcasting ceased. Radio listings continued throughout the war with a reduced service, but by 1944, paper rationing meant editions were only 20 pages of tiny print on thin paper. When television resumed, the Radio Times expanded with regional editions were introduced. In 1953 the television listings, which had been in the back of the magazine, were placed alongside the daily radio schedules and on 17 February 1957, television listings were moved to a separate section at the front with radio listings relegated to the back.

By the 1950s Radio Times had grown to be the magazine with the largest circulation in Europe, with an average sales of 8.8 million in 1955.[10]

Radio Times is published on Tuesdays (its publication day having gradually moved forward from Fridays over many years) and carries listings for the following Saturday through to Friday (this began in 1960, before which issues ran Sunday to Saturday; the changeover meant that Saturday 8 October 1960 was listed twice). From 20 April 1964, BBC Two starts broadcasting, the existing "BBCtv" (formerly BBC Television Service) is renamed BBC One, then on 1 July 1967, BBC Two becomes Europe's first colour television service is launched with the live Wimbledon coverage, and two years later BBC One is finally introduced colour service on 15 November 1969.

Since Christmas 1969, a double-sized issue has been published each December containing listings for two weeks of programmes. Originally, this covered Christmas and New Year listings, but in some years these appear in separate editions, with the two-week period ending just before New Year. The cover of the 'Christmas Number' (as this issue came to be called) dating from the time when it contained just a single week's listings, usually features a generic festive artwork, atypical for the magazine, which since the 1970s has almost exclusively used photographic covers for all other issues.

By the 1970s, Radio Times took a stand with "no smoking" policies were beginning to appear for some reason and also stopped cigarette advertising (such products include Benson & Hedges, John Player, Rothmans, Dunhill and Imperial Tobacco) from September 1969 within the magazine. On 1 September 1984, the method of web-offset printing was used for the first time, and the magazine became brighter and more colourful, gone were the sludgy greys of newsprint and sheets of gravure was replaced by clean blacks on white paper from leafing through although it wasn't until 2 June 1990 that the entire magazine was finally printed in full colour.

Until the deregulation of television listings on 1 March 1991, the Radio Times carried programme listings for BBC radio and television channels only, while the ITV-published magazine, TVTimes, carried television programme listings for ITV, and from November 1982, Channel 4 (including S4C in the Wales edition).[11] Today both publications carry listings for all major terrestrial, cable and satellite television channels in the United Kingdom and following deregulation, new listings magazines began to be published.

After the deregulation of television listings, there was strong criticism from other listings magazines that Radio Times was advertised on the BBC (as well as on commercial channels), saying that it gave unfair advantage to the publication bearing "If it's on... it's in!" slogan. The case went to court, but the outcome was that as the Radio Times had close connections with the BBC it would be allowed to be advertised by the BBC; however, it must be a static picture of the cover, and that the clear disclaimer "Other television listings magazines are available" be given (leading to the phrase entering common public usage for a time).{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}} By the early 2000s, advertisements for the publication had become sparse on the BBC.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} The Radio Times has not been promoted on BBC television and radio channels since 2005, following complaints by rival publications that the promotions were unfair competition.[12]

Radio Times gets with the new fresher look on 3 September 1994 as the television listings had the day's name going vertical with "today's choices" replacing "at a glance" on the left of a page, while the major revamp on 25 September 1999, which also changed the "letters" section beginning on the front page and primetime television listings from two narrow columns to one wide column, and lasted until 13 April 2001 (shortly before Easter), which saw the new masthead title and the programme pages were reverting to having the day running across the top of the page horizontally.

On 22 May 2007, two extra pages of television listings per day were added as part of a slight tweak in the publication's format, bringing it up to ten pages of listings per day in total, or five double-page spreads: two pages of reviews of highlights ("choices") followed by two pages of terrestrial television listings (one column for daytime television and five columns for the evening television from 10 April 2010), then six pages of listings for digital, satellite and cable channels. Before digital channels became commonplace, a terrestrial day's television was sometimes spread over up to three double-spreads mixed with advertisements, but this format was phased out when independent publishers were allowed to publish television programme schedules.

Until 2009, the television listings issued a warning phrase "contains strong language" used for BBC programmes from 9:00pm during the hours of watershed restrictions.

The latest circulation figure (January 2013 – January 2014) for the Radio Times is 831,591 ({{decrease}} 6.9%) making it third in the TV listings magazine market behind TV Choice (1,374,813 {{increase}} 11.8%) and What's on TV (1,049,558 {{decrease}} 14.1%).[13]

Editors

There have been 18 editors of Radio Times to date (including one uncredited and one returning) since the magazine began publication:[14][15]

{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
  • Leonard Crocombe (1923–1926)
  • Walter Fuller (1926–1927)
  • Eric Maschwitz (1927–1933)
  • Maurice Gorham (1933–1941)
  • Gordon Stowell (1941–1944)
  • Tom Henn (1944–1954)
  • Douglas G Williams (1954–1968)
  • C J Campbell Nairne (1968–1969)
  • Geoffrey Cannon (1969–1979)
{{col-break}}
  • Brian Gearing (1979–1988)
  • Nicholas Brett (1988–1996)
  • Sue Robinson (1996–2000)
  • Nicholas Brett (returned) (2000–2001)
  • Nigel Horne (2001–April 2002)
  • Liz Vercoe (uncredited) (April 2002–July 2002)
  • Gill Hudson (August 2002–August 2009)
  • Ben Preston (September 2009–2017)
  • Mark Frith (2017–present)
{{col-end}}

Regional editions

There are several regional editions, which each contain different listings for regional programming. All editions carry variations for adjoining regions and local radio listings.

When it began in 1923, there was just a single national edition, but from 10 October 1926 there were two editions – Southern and Northern, then on 7 January 1934 it was back to one edition again. In 1949 the North of England edition was separated from Northern Ireland who had their own edition. On 8 October 1960, the Midlands edition was renamed Midlands & East Anglia, and the West of England edition was renamed South & West, and on 21 March 1964 the previously unmarked London edition was renamed London & South East.

When BBC Two began on 20 April 1964, there were a number of "BBC-2 edition" for areas where only certain parts of a region could get BBC Two until 1966:

BBC-2 region Service date
London & South East 20 April 1964
Midlands & East Anglia 6 December 1964
Wales 12 September 1965
North of England 31 October 1965
South & West 16 January 1966
Northern Ireland 11 June 1966
Scotland 9 July 1966

From 1982 until 1991, S4C listings were included in the Wales edition known as "Rhaglenni Cymraeg", but only the Welsh language programmes were listed, and no English language programmes known as "Rhaglenni Saesneg", those would require consultation for the TVTimes' pull-out supplement Sbec was used.

Radio Times started carrying ITV and Channel 4 (with S4C) listings to begin with they mirrored the ITV regional areas from 1 March 1991, the number of English regional editions has been reduced since the early 1990s due to there being fewer variations in the schedules, such as the Yorkshire version was absorbed by the North East version on 25 September 1993 and later added the North West version on 7 April 2007.

Before 1997, the regional variations were at the bottom of the relevant channel listings.

The most recent of these was on 25 August 2007 when the Midlands and London/Anglia versions were merged. The exception to this process of merging is Wales, which used to be part of a larger Wales/West (of England) version, mirroring the HTV region, and separated on 16 April 2005 leaving the West of England to join South and South West versions together.

Television

Edition BBC regions ITV regions Other channels
London/Anglia/Midlands BBC London, BBC South East, BBC East, BBC Midlands, BBC East Midlands ITV London, ITV Anglia, ITV Central BBC One Wales, BBC Two Wales, ITV Wales, London Live
South/West/South West BBC South, BBC South East, BBC West, BBC South West ITV Meridian, ITV West Country, ITV Channel Television BBC One Wales, BBC Two Wales, ITV Wales, S4C
Yorkshire/North East/North West BBC Yorkshire, BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire, BBC North East and Cumbria, BBC North West ITV Yorkshire, ITV Tyne Tees, ITV Granada BBC One Scotland, BBC Scotland, BBC One Wales, BBC Two Wales, ITV Anglia, ITV Border, ITV Central, ITV Wales, S4C
Scotland/Border BBC Scotland STV North, STV Central, ITV Border, ITV Border Scotland BBC Alba, BBC One England, BBC Two England
Wales BBC Cymru Wales ITV Cymru Wales S4C, BBC One England, BBC Two England, ITV Central, ITV Granada, ITV West, ITV Westcountry
Northern Ireland BBC Northern Ireland UTV RTÉ One, RTÉ2, Virgin Media One, Virgin Media Three

Radio

Edition BBC Local Radio regions
London/Anglia/Midlands BBC Radio Berkshire, BBC Radio Cambridgeshire, BBC Coventry & Warwickshire, BBC Radio Derby, BBC Essex, BBC Radio Gloucestershire, BBC Hereford and Worcester, BBC Radio Kent, BBC Radio Leicester, BBC Radio Lincolnshire, BBC Radio London, BBC Radio Norfolk, BBC Radio Northampton, BBC Radio Nottingham, BBC Radio Oxford, BBC Radio Shropshire, BBC Radio Stoke, BBC Radio Suffolk, BBC Surrey, BBC Sussex, BBC Three Counties Radio, BBC WM
South/West/South West BBC Radio Berkshire, BBC Radio Bristol, BBC Radio Cornwall, BBC Radio Devon, BBC Essex, BBC Radio Gloucestershire, BBC Radio Guernsey, BBC Hereford and Worcester, BBC Radio Jersey, BBC Radio Kent, BBC Radio London, BBC Radio Oxford, BBC Radio Solent, BBC Somerset, BBC Surrey, BBC Sussex, BBC Three Counties Radio, BBC Wiltshire
Yorkshire/North East/North West BBC Radio Cumbria, BBC Radio Derby, BBC Radio Humberside, BBC Radio Lancashire, BBC Radio Leeds, BBC Radio Lincolnshire, BBC Radio Manchester, BBC Radio Merseyside, BBC Radio Newcastle, BBC Radio Sheffield, BBC Radio Stoke, BBC Tees, BBC Radio York plus BBC Radio Scotland
Scotland/Border BBC Radio Scotland, BBC Radio Shetland, BBC Radio Orkney, BBC Radio nan Gàidheal
Wales BBC Radio Wales, BBC Radio Cymru (including Radio Cymru 2)
Northern Ireland BBC Radio Ulster, BBC Radio Foyle

Colour-coding layouts

From 2 June to 21 December 1990, the programme page headings were deep pink for films, dark blue for television (including the channels BBC One in vermilion and BBC Two in spring green) and medium turquoise for radio. The day was also shown inside coloured block halfway down the side of each page, which had a different colour for each day:

Day Colour
Saturday Red
Sunday Orange
Monday Magenta
Tuesday Chartreuse
Wednesday Purple
Thursday Salmon
Friday Green

However these colours were slightly different from those that were changed on 22 December 1990, through until 29 October 2004:

Day Colour
Saturday Red
Sunday Sapphire
Monday Amber
Tuesday Indigo
Wednesday Green
Thursday Cerise
Friday Turquoise

The channel logos arrived on 16 February 1991 as the same date for the new BBC One and BBC Two station idents, when they started covering all channels to identify the colours until 3 October 1997:

Channel Colour
BBC One Lilac
BBC Two Viridian
ITV Silver
Channel 4 Black
Channel 5 (from 30 March 1997) Yellow

The recent change from 25 September 1999, which the programme page headings were violet for films, dark orange for television, and sea green for radio. On 30 October 2004, the colours were later changed the day's listings for Tuesday in lavender, Wednesday in mint leaf, Friday in navy blue, and from 10 April 2010, the colours changed once again were Sunday in navy blue, Monday in yellow, Thursday in mauve and Friday in indigo.

Digitisation

{{main|BBC Genome Project}}{{Wikidata property|P1573}}

In December 2012, the BBC completed a digitisation exercise, scanning the listings of all BBC programmes from an entire run of about 4,500 copies of the magazine from the first issue to 2009, the BBC Genome Project, with a view to creating an online database of its programme output.[16] They identified around five million programmes, involving 8.5 million actors, presenters, writers and technical staff.[16] BBC Genome was released for public use on 15 October 2014.[17][18] Corrections to OCR errors and changes to advertised schedules are being crowdsourced.[17]

Covers

When the magazine was a BBC publication, covers had a BBC bias (in 2005, 31 of the 51 issues had BBC-related covers). Doctor Who is the most represented programme on the cover, appearing on 29 issues (with 35 separate covers due to multiples) in the 49 years since the programme began on 22 November 1963.[19]

Most covers consist of a single side of glossy paper. However, the magazine often uses double or triple-width covers that open out for large group photographs, while events such as Crufts or new series of popular programmes are marked by producing several different covers for collectors. Sporting events with more than one of the Home Nations taking part are often marked with different covers for each nation, showing their own team. The second series of Life on Mars, meanwhile, was marked by the Radio Times producing a mock-up of a 1973-style cover promoting the series, placed on page 3 of the magazine.

On 30 April 2005, a double-width cover was used to commemorate the return of the Daleks to Doctor Who and the forthcoming general election.[20] This cover recreated a scene from the 1964 Doctor Who serial The Dalek Invasion of Earth in which the Daleks were seen crossing Westminster Bridge, with the Houses of Parliament in the background. The cover text read "VOTE DALEK!" In a 2008 contest sponsored by the Periodical Publishers Association, this cover was voted the best British magazine cover of all time.[21]

Each year, the Radio Times celebrates those individuals and programmes that are featured on the cover at the Radio Times Covers Party, where framed oversized versions of the covers are presented.[22]

In recent years,{{when|date=March 2018}} Radio Times has published and sold packs of reproductions of some of the Christmas covers of the magazine as Christmas cards.

Industrial disputes

Missing issues

For various reasons, some issues were not printed. These include:[23]

Issue date Reason
14 May 1926General strike
21 February 1947Fuel crisis
28 February 1947
8 September 1950Printing dispute
13 October 1950
20 October 1950
27 October 1950
1 August 1981
2 April 1983
9 April 1983
3 December 1983

Diminished form

Printing disputes and other operational difficulties have also lead to the magazine appearing in a different formats to the standard:

Issue date Reason
1 July 1949London edition printed by The Daily Graphic
15 September 1950Nine-day issue, northern edition printed as a tabloid
3 November 1950
24 February 1956Printed as a broadsheet in Paris, France
2 March 1956
9 March 1956
16 March 1956
23 March 1956
30 March 1956
11 November 1978Cover printed in monochrome
18 November 1978
25 November 1978
31 May 1980

Radio Times Annual and Guides

An Annual was published three times: in 1954,[24] 1955[24] and 1956.[25]

From 2000 to 2018, BBC Worldwide has published the Radio Times Guide to Films, featuring more than 21,000 films in a 1,707-page book. The 2006 edition was edited by Kilmeny Fane-Saunders and featured an introduction by Barry Norman, former presenter of the BBC's Film programme until his death in 2017. The Radio Times Guide to Films 2007 is introduced by Andrew Collins.

There are also similar publications, the Radio Times Guide to Comedy and the Radio Times Guide to Science-Fiction.

Website

The Radio Times website was launched in 1997 primarily as a listings service. In 2011, it relaunched offering a diverse editorial product to accompany its listings and television, radio and film recommendations.

See also

{{Portal|BBC}}
  • Radio Times Extra
  • The Listener
  • Radio Times{{'s}} Most Powerful People
  • Time Out
  • TVTimes
  • RTÉ Guide

Bibliography

  • Tony Currie, The 'Radio Times' Story (2001. Kelly Publications) {{ISBN|1-903053-09-9}}
  • David Driver, The Art of 'Radio Times': The First Sixty Years (1981)
  • Martin Baker, Art of Radio Times: A Golden Age of British Illustration {{ISBN|978-1854441713}}

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=ABC Certificates and Reports: Radio Times |url=https://www.abc.org.uk/product/2112 |publisher=Audit Bureau of Circulations |accessdate=19 August 2018 |df=dmy }}
2. ^Tony Currie - The Radio Times Story (Kelly Publishing 2001) {{ISBN|978-1903053096}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/news/2013-07-17/the-history-of-radio-times|title=The history of Radio Times|work=RadioTimes}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofthebbc/research/general/radio-times|title=BBC - The Radio Times - History of the BBC|work=bbc.co.uk}}
5. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/aug/16/bbc-completes-magazines-sell-off |title=BBC Worldwide agrees £121m magazine sell-off |first=Mark |last=Sweney |work=The Guardian |date=16 August 2011}}
6. ^{{cite news|last=Preston|first=Peter|title=What price the Radio Times? Only private equity can tell us|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/mar/11/what-price-radio-times-listing|work=The Guardian|date=11 March 2012}}
7. ^{{cite news|last=Chapman|first=Matthew|title=Radio Times hires Hello! ad director|url=http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/1126323/Radio-Times-hires-Hello-ad-director/|work=Media Week|date=11 April 2012}}
8. ^The BBC Story, 1920s
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofthebbc/research/general/radio-times/pre-war|title=Radio Times pre-war television supplements - History of the BBC|work=bbc.co.uk}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/happy-birthday-radio-times-ten-best-covers-last-90-years|title=Happy birthday Radio Times: Ten of the best covers from the last 90 years|work=pressgazette.co.uk}}
11. ^THE GOOD NEW TIMES ... THE BRADSHAW OF BROADCASTING: 1980s – 2000 by Robin Carmody, July 2000, Off the Telly {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514152215/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/rt3.htm |date=14 May 2008 }}
12. ^{{cite news |title=For viewers of quality ... |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2005/aug/08/mondaymediasection.pressandpublishing |work=The Guardian |date=8 August 2005 |first=Tara |last=Conlan |accessdate=31 July 2016}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=UK magazines lose print sales by average of 6.3 per cent – full ABC breakdown for all 503 titles |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/uk-magazines-lose-print-sales-average-63-cent-full-abc-breakdown-all-503-titles |work=Press Gazette |date=14 February 2014 |accessdate=14 February 2014}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.radiotimesarchive.co.uk/facts.html|title=Radio Times Facts and Figures|accessdate=15 April 2018|publisher=radiotimesarchive.co.uk}}
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/time-inc-editor-in-chief-mark-frith-named-as-the-new-editor-of-radio-times/|title=Former Time Inc editor-in-chief Mark Frith named as the new editor of Radio Times|accessdate=15 April 2018|publisher=Press Gazette}}
16. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20625884|title=BBC finishes Radio Times archive digitisation effort|last=Kelion|first=Leo|work=BBC Online|accessdate=20 January 2013}}
17. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/posts/Genome-The-Radio-Times-Archive-is-now-live|title=Genome – Radio Times archive now live|last=Bishop|first=Hilary|work=BBC Online|accessdate=15 October 2014}}
18. ^{{cite news|last=Sweney|first=Mark|title=BBC digitises Radio Times back issues|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/oct/16/bbc-digitises-radio-times-back-issues-genome-project|newspaper=The Guardian|date=16 October 2014}}
19. ^[https://archive.is/20061022154934/http://www.radiotimes.com/content/features/galleries/doctorwhocovers/01/ Radio Times – Doctor Who covers]
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.radiotimes.com/shows/doctor-who/gallery/gallery-twenty/001/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20110524004825/http://www.radiotimes.com/shows/doctor-who/gallery/gallery-twenty/001/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=24 May 2011 |title=Doctor Who – The greatest magazine cover of all time |accessdate=1 October 2008 |work=Radio Times |publisher=BBC Magazines }}
21. ^{{cite news |first=Nicole |last=Martin |title=Vote Dalek image voted best magazine cover of all time |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/3102812/Vote-Dalek-image-voted-best-magazine-cover-of-all-time.html |work=Daily Telegraph |accessdate=1 October 2008 | location=London | date=29 September 2008}}
22. ^Radio Times coverage of the 2012 event, 18 January 2012, accessed 1 December 2012
23. ^{{cite web |url=http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/faqs |title=FAQs |date=15 October 2014 |work=BBC Genome |accessdate=19 October 2014}}
24. ^1 {{Cite book |publisher=OUP |isbn=978-0-19-212967-3 |last=Briggs |first=Asa |title=The History of Broadcasting in the United Kingdom: Volume IV: Sound and Vision |date=1995}}
25. ^{{cite web |title=Radio Times ANNUAL 1956 |url=https://www.radiotimesbacknumbers.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=1109 |accessdate=26 December 2018 }}

External links

  • {{Official website|http://www.radiotimes.com/}}
  • BBC – History of the Radio Times
  • Radio programme about cover art with gallery
  • A selection of Vintage Radio Times covers
  • BBC Genome - Radio Times listings from 1923 to 2009
{{Immediate Media}}{{UK TV magazines}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2017}}

8 : BBC history|BBC publications|British television magazines|Listings magazines|Magazines established in 1923|British weekly magazines|1923 establishments in the United Kingdom|Radio in the United Kingdom
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