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词条 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
释义

  1. History

     Restructuring as a limited company 

  2. Technological achievements

  3. Civilian technology transfer

  4. Products

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{other uses|Rafael (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox company
| name = Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
| logo = Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| caption =
| type = Government-owned corporation
| traded_as =
| fate =
| predecessor = Science Corps
| successor =
| foundation = {{start date and age|1948}}
| founder =
| defunct =
| location_city = Haifa
| location_country = Israel
| location =
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people =
| industry = Defense, Aerospace
| products = Military aerospace
Missiles
Ordnance
Defense electronics
Protection systems
Naval Systems
| services =
| revenue = {{profit}}$2.37 billion USD (2016)[1]
| operating_income =
| net_income = {{profit}}$134 million USD (2016)[1]
| assets =
| equity =
| owner = State of Israel
| num_employees = 7,000
| parent =
| divisions = Missiles and NCW Division
Ordnance and Protection Division
Manor - Advanced Defense Technologies Division
| subsid = RDC (RAFAEL Development Corporation)
| homepage = rafael.co.il
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. ({{lang-he-n|רפאל - מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע"מ}}, formerly: RAFAEL Armament Development Authority), known as RAFAEL or Rafael, (also spelled as Raphael or Rephael; Hebrew acronym of "Authority for the Development of Armaments" - {{Hebrew|רשות לפיתוח אמצעי לחימה}}) is an Israeli defense technology company. It was founded as Israel’s National R&D Defense Laboratory for the development of weapons and military technology within the Israeli Ministry of Defense; in 2002 it was incorporated as a limited company.[2]

Rafael develops and produces weapons, military, and defense technologies for the Israel Defense Forces and for export abroad. All current projects are classified.

History

Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ({{lang-he-n|חיל המדע}}, known by the acronym HEMED, {{lang-he|חמד}}) under the leadership of Shlomo Gur. It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate ({{Hebrew|אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון}}) in 1952. In 1952 David Ben-Gurion decided to split into two agencies the activities of HEMED. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed in the new EMET agency.[3]

In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to RAFAEL.[4] It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.[5]

In 1995, Yitzhak Rabin asked Amos Horev to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.[6] Horev served as chairman until January 2001.[6]

Restructuring as a limited company

During the early 1990s Rafael was operating at a loss (peaking in 1995, with a loss of $120 million on a turnover of $460 million). Therefore, it was decided to restructure the organization and start operating Rafael as a company. Initially the new company had three discrete divisions, each operating as a profit centre, with a separate balance sheet presented to the newly formed management board.[7]

The restructuring was completed in 2002 when Rafael was formally incorporated as a limited company (although still as a government-owned corporation), while maintaining its technological capabilities through an investment of about 10% of turnover in R&D programs. In its first year as a limited company, Rafael earned a $37 million profit on $830 million in sales.[8] By 2016, Rafael reported annual net profits of 473 million ILS (roughly 130 million dollars), up 3%, compared with ILS 459 million in 2015. New orders in 2016 totaled ILS 10.7 billion, and sales amounted to ILS 8.32 billion, 6% more than in 2015. The company's orders backlog as of the end of 2016 was ILS 21.72 billion, 12% more than at the end of 2015.[9]

On October 14, 2007 the company changed its name from Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd. to Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.

Technological achievements

  • Shafrir (later renamed Python) – one of the most successful air-to-air missiles ever made (during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the IAF launched 176 Shafrir 2 missiles, destroying 89 enemy aircraft).[10]
  • Spike – a fourth generation[11] fire-and-forget anti-tank guided missile.
  • Popeye – an air-to-ground missile system. Popeye Turbo SLCM is believed to be a nuclear-tipped submarine-launched cruise missile.[12]
  • Iron Dome – the world's first operational air defense system to intercept short-range rockets and artillery shells.[13]
  • Trophy – the world’s second (the first was the Russian Drozd and Arena (countermeasure) APS) operational active protection system, successfully destroyed an anti-tank missile launched from the Gaza Strip toward a Merkava Mark IV tank near Nir Oz.[14]
  • Protector USV – The world’s first operational unmanned surface vehicle (unmanned, autonomous naval combat system).[15]
  • David's Sling – Surface-to-air missile system.

Civilian technology transfer

In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a technology transfer company, was established as a joint venture with Elron Electronic Industries; in order to commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.[16] The company has successfully established and developed several companies including:

  • Given Imaging – a pioneer in the sphere of capsule endoscopy[17]
  • Oramir Semiconductor Equipment – developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,[18] sold to Applied Materials in 2001 for $21 million.[19]
  • Starling Advanced Communications (TASE:STLG) – provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for airliners.[20]
  • Galil Medical – a developer of cryotherapy solutions.[21]
  • SELA Semiconductor Engineering Laboratories – a provider of automated sample preparation tools for semiconductor manufacturers, sold to Camtek Intelligent Imaging.[21]
  • 3DV Systems – developers of the ZCam, a time-of-flight camera products for video applications, sold to Microsoft.[22]
  • Medingo – developer of a micro pump insulin delivery system consists of two parts: a semi-disposable insulin dispensing patch and a remote control, which allows for discreet personalised insulin delivery. The company was sold to Hoffmann-La Roche's subsidiary Roche Diagnostics for $160 million as well as up to $40 million in milestone payments.[23]

Products

  • Air Defense systems
    • Iron Dome
    • C-Dome (the naval version of Iron Dome)
    • MIC4AD
    • SPYDER
    • David's Sling
    • Drone Dome
  • Air to Air missiles
    • Python-5
    • I-Derby
    • I-Derby ER
  • Air to Surface missile
    • Spice (bomb) Family
    • SPARROW Family
    • Rocks Family, unveiled in February 2019.[24][25]
  • Precision Guided missiles
    • SPIKE ER
    • SPIKE LR
    • SPIKE NLOS
  • Missile upgrade kits
    • Electro-optical Precision Integration Kit (EPIK)[26]
  • Active Protection System
    • Trophy active protection system "Windbreaker" (Hebrew: מעיל רוח)
  • Remote-controlled weapon station
    • Rafael OWS (nicknamed "MAG Rafael" by the IDF)
    • Samson RCWS (Hebrew name: קטלנית)
    • Typhoon Weapon Station for naval applications and military ships

See also

{{Div col}}
  • Military equipment of Israel
  • Israel Military Industries
  • Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)
  • Israel Shipyards
  • Israel Association for Automatic Control
  • Elbit (El-Op)
  • Soltam
{{Div col end}}

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016 - Globes English|website=Globes}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://duns100.dundb.co.il/ts.cgi?tsscript=comp_eng&duns=600024863|title=Globes Dun’s 100 - Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.|publisher=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514133537/http://duns100.dundb.co.il/ts.cgi?tsscript=comp_eng&duns=600024863|archivedate=2013-05-14|df=}}
3. ^The bomb is the basement, page 43
4. ^The bomb is the basement, page 113
5. ^{{cite encyclopedia|title=Science Corps (Hemed)|encyclopedia=IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia|last=Merdor|first=Monaya M.|publisher=Revivim Publishing|year=1982|pages=17–19|volume=Volume 17|language=he}}
6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |title=Amos Horev |publisher=MIT Enterprise Forum |date=January 1, 2001 |accessdate=June 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev |archive-date=2011-07-21 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Rafael Operating as Gov’t Company Since January 1 - Preparatory to Becoming Limited Company|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=368672|newspaper=Globes|date=May 1, 1997}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Rafael 2003 net profit: $37m|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=781005|newspaper=Globes|date=March 17, 2004}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597|title=Rafael reports higher profit for 2016|last=Azulai|first=Yuval|date=March 20, 2017|website=Globes|access-date=}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/israel/shafrir.htm|title=Shafrir|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=10 July 2015}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |title=Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons |publisher=Defense-Update.Com |accessdate=1 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm |archive-date=6 January 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
12. ^Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons. Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17.
13. ^{{cite news|title=Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time|url=http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696|accessdate=7 April 2011|newspaper=Haaretz|date=7 April 2011|author=Anshel Pfeffer|author2=Yanir Yagna}}
14. ^{{cite web|last=HARTMAN|first=BEN|url=http://www.jpost.com/Defense/Article.aspx?id=210366|title=Anti-tank missile system stops attack on IDF tank|work=News Article|publisher=Jerusalem Post}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=Protector |work=Defence Updates |url=http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm |accessdate=2007-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070503115143/http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm |archive-date=2007-05-03 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891|title=RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|accessdate=10 July 2015}}
17. ^Invest in Israel: Given Imaging {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm |date=2011-07-21 }}
18. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html Fairchild launches Oramir] Israel Business Today
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm|title=SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - ‘10-Q’ for 7/29/01|publisher=|accessdate=10 July 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT|title=List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek|work=Businessweek.com|accessdate=10 July 2015}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
21. ^1 {{cite news|title=Elron sells entire Galil Medical stake|url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000546886&fid=1725|newspaper=Globes|date=15 March 2010}}
22. ^{{cite web |first=Shmulik |last=Shelah |title=Microsoft confirms 3DV acquisition |url=http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000460733 |work=Globes |publisher=Globes Publisher Itonut |location=Tel Aviv |date=2009-06-22 |quote=[Microsoft corporate vice president of Israel Research & Development Moshe Lichtman] said, for the first time officially, that "the R&D center helped Microsoft in buying the intellectual property of 3DV Systems, and in the wake of that dozens of the company's employees were recruited to work at the development center." |accessdate=2009-06-23 |archiveurl=http://www.ivc-online.com/ivcWeeklyItem.asp?articleID=9252 |archivedate=2009-06-22}}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Roche Acquires Insulin Pump Company Medingo|url=https://www.diabetesdaily.com/forum/diabetes-news/41612-roche-acquires-insulin-pump-company-medingo|newspaper=Diabetes Daily|date=14 April 2010}}
24. ^{{cite web |last1=Hughes |first1=Robin |title=Rafael unveils Rocks air-to-surface missile |url=https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile |website=Jane's 360 |accessdate=20 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20190220211407/https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile |archivedate=2019-02-20 |location=London |date=20 February 2019 |deadurl=no |df= }}
25. ^{{cite web |last1=Ahronheim |first1=Anna |title=Israel unveils Rafael's new advanced bunker buster missile, 'Rocks' |url=https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201 |website=The Jerusalem Post |accessdate=20 February 2019 |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20190220211431/https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201 |archivedate=2019-02-20 |date=20 February 2019 |deadurl=no |df= }}
26. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5277924,00.html|title=‘Sharp Flame’: Rafael’s new rocket precision guidance system|author=Zitun , Yoav|work=Ynetnews|date=March 6, 2018|accessdate=June 4, 2018}}
  • The bomb in the basement, Michael Karpin, Ed Simon & Schuster. {{ISBN|978-0-7432-6595-9}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • {{Official website|www.rafael.co.il|Rafael official website}}
  • Rafael Development Corporation
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20050129014441/http://www.eurosatory.mod.gov.il/pdfs/rafae1.pdf Rafael at EurpStory 2004]
  • Rafael at the LIC-2005 conference
{{Rafael Advanced Defense Systems}}{{Automotive industry in Israel}}{{Coord|32.8684|N|35.0931|E|display=title|region:IL}}

5 : Rafael Advanced Defense Systems|Government-owned companies of Israel|Defense companies of Israel|Motor vehicle manufacturers of Israel|Companies based in Haifa
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