| 词条 | Raggedy Ann |
| 释义 |
| name = Raggedy Ann | image = Raggedy Ann & Andy - Project Gutenberg eText 17371.jpg | caption = Raggedy Ann meets Raggedy Andy for the first time; illustrated by Johnny Gruelle | first = Raggedy Ann Stories | last = | species = | gender = Female | occupation = | family = | creator = Johnny Gruelle | nationality = American }}Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle (1880–1938) that appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children. Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and a triangle nose. Gruelle received US Patent D47789 for his Raggedy Ann doll on September 7, 1915. The character was created in 1915 as a doll, and was introduced to the public in the 1918 book Raggedy Ann Stories. When a doll was marketed with the book, the concept had great success. A sequel, Raggedy Andy Stories (1920), introduced the character of her brother, Raggedy Andy. Further characters such as Beloved Belindy, a black mammy doll, were featured as dolls and characters in books.[1][2][3] OriginsThe exact details of the origins of the Raggedy Ann doll and related stories, which were created by Johnny Gruelle, are not specifically known, although numerous myths and legends about the doll's origins have been widely repeated.[4] Gruelle biographer and Raggedy Ann historian Patricia Hall notes that the dolls have "found themselves at the center of several legend cycles—groups of stories that, while containing kernels of truth, are more myth than they are history. What makes this even more intriguing is that fact that Johnny Gruelle, either unwittingly or with the great sense of humor he was known for, initiated many of these legends, a number of which are continuously repeated as the factual history of Raggedy Ann and Andy."[5] Hall further explains that according to an oft-repeated myth, Gruelle's daughter, Marcella, brought from her grandmother's attic a faceless cloth doll on which the artist drew a face, and that Gruelle suggested that Marcella's grandmother sew a shoe button for a missing eye. Hall says the date of this supposed occurrence is given as early as 1900 and as late as 1914, with the locale variously given as suburban Indianapolis, Indiana, downtown Cleveland, Ohio, or rural Connecticut.[6] More likely, as Gruelle's wife, Myrtle, reported, it her husband who retrieved a long-forgotten, homemade rag doll from the attic of his parents' Indianapolis home sometime around the turn of the twentieth century before the couple's daughter was born. Although the incident is unconfirmed, Myrtle Gruelle recalled, "There was something he wanted from the attic. While he was rummaging around for it, he found an old rag doll his mother had made for his sister. He said then that the doll would make a good story."[5] Myrtle Gruelle also indicated that her husband "kept [the doll] in his mind until we had Marcella. He remembered it when he saw her play [with] dolls.... He wrote the stories around some of the things she did. He used to get ideas from watching her."[5] Another version of the doll's mythical origins suggests that Gruelle created Raggedy Ann as a tribute to his daughter's memory following her death at age thirteen from an infected vaccination. Gruelle's May 28, 1915, {{US patent|D47789}} application for the design of the prototype that became the Raggedy Ann doll was already in progress around the time that Marcella fell ill, but his exact motives for creating the doll remain uncertain.[7] The U.S. Patent office gave its final approval to the artist's patent application on September 7, 1915, the same month as Marcella's death.[5] Although Marcella died from an infected vaccination. Her early death and the subsequent publication of the Raggedy Ann and related dolls perpetuated this myth of the doll's origins and led the anti-vaccination movement to adopt Raggedy Ann as a symbol for the movement.[8] Naming Raggedy AnnOn June 17, 1915, shortly after submitting his patent application for the doll's design, Johnny Gruelle applied for a registered trademark for the Raggedy Ann name, which he created by combining words from two of James Whitcomb Riley poems, "The Raggedy Man" and "Little Orphant Annie". (Riley was a well-known Hoosier poet and a Gruelle family friend and neighbor from the years when they resided in Indianapolis.[6][9]) The U.S. Patent Office registered Gruelle's trademark application (107328) for the Raggedy Ann name on November 23, 1915.[10] Early books and doll designRaggedy Ann Stories (1918), written and illustrated by Johnny Gruelle and published by the P. F. Volland Company, was the first in a series of books about his cloth doll character and her friends.[7][11] The book's first edition also included Gruelle's own version of the doll's origins and the related stories.[4] Two years after the publication of the first Raggedy Ann book, Gruelle introduced Raggedy Ann's brother, Raggedy Andy, in Raggedy Andy Stories (1920).[12]Although the female members of Gruelle's family may have made a small number of initial versions of the Raggedy Ann doll in Norwalk, Connecticut, to help market the related books, Gruelle soon established a merchandising agreement with P. F. Volland Company, his primary publisher, to began commercially manufacturing, selling, and promoting a mass-produced version of the doll.[4][13] In addition to his patent application {{US Patent|D47789}} in 1915 for the design of what became the Raggedy Ann doll, Gruelle patented his design {{US Patent|D56149}} for a generic male doll in 1920. A short time after its literary debut in 1920, Raggedy Andy appeared as a commercially-made doll, marketed by Volland.[14][15] Following the success of the first Raggedy Ann book,[16] Gruelle continued to author and illustrate at least one Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy story each year until his death in 1938.[14] In addition to books Gruelle also wrote lyrics for musical compositions that were published as sheet music and songbooks for children. These works included "Raggedy Ann's Sunny Songs" (1930) which was set to music by former U. S. Treasury Secretary William H. Woodin.[17] In his later years Gruelle collaborated with his son, Worth, on illustrations for some of his later books such as Raggedy Ann and the Golden Meadow (1935) and on a series of illustrated Raggedy Ann proverbs that were syndicated in newspapers.[18][19] By 1938, the year that Johnny Gruelle died, his first Raggedy Ann book had sold more than 3 million copies.[20] Raggedy Ann doll sales were also growing. The P. F. Volland Company's initial order of 24 dozen dolls from the Non-Breakable Toy Company, the doll's early manufacturer, increased to about 3,200 dolls within the first eight months of production. With its growing popularity, Gruelle gave Volland the exclusive rights to manufacture and sell the dolls as long as it remained the exclusive publisher of his books.[19] Legal challengesIn 1935 Gruelle brought suit against Mollye Goldman (Gruelle vs Goldman) after her company, Molly-'Es Doll Outfitters, continued to manufacture unauthorized version of the Raggedy Ann and Andy dolls. Goldman's attorney argued that Gruelle's design patent for Raggedy Ann had expired in 1929, and Gruelle did not apply for a design patent or a trademark for a doll specifically named Raggedy Andy. The U.S. Patent office registered Goldman's application for a trademark for her Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy dolls in 1935. Her patent application {{US Patent|D96382}} for her Raggedy Andy design was granted on May 7, 1935. Goldman's versions of Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy closely resembled the Gruelle-designed rag dolls, which he had authorized the Exposition Doll and Toy Manufacturing Company to manufacture. Gruelle brought suit against Goldman for trademark infringement in October 1936, but the case was dismissed. He won the lawsuit on appeal in 1937. In the appellate court's option handed down on December 23, 1937, Goldman's company, Molly-'Es Doll Outfitters, could not legally manufacture dolls named Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy. Goldman was ordered to provide restitution to Gruelle.[21] Following Gruelle's death in 1938, Myrtle (Swann) Gruelle, his widow, took further legal action to secure the rights to his works, trademarks, and patents, including those relating to Raggedy Ann and Andy. She also continued to promote Raggedy Ann and Andy, among Gruelle's other literary characters, through the Johnny Gruelle Company, which also published the author's books for several years. (P. F. Volland, his primary publisher, discontinued its book publishing business during the Great Depression.)[22] LegacyBy the end of the 1940s, sales of Raggedy Ann-related books exceeded 7 million copies.[22] The Indianapolis-based Bobbs-Merrill Company became the authorized publisher and licensor for Raggedy Ann-related literary works in 1962, and the Knickerbocker Toy Company began manufacturing the Raggedy Ann and Andy dolls in the early 1960s.[23] Simon & Schuster and Hasbro claim ownership of the trademarks to the Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Ann and Andy names.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The original {{US Patent|D47789}} for the 1915 doll design, as well as the Raggedy Ann Stories (1918) and Raggedy Andy Stories (1920) books, are in the public domain, their copyrights having expired.{{citation needed|date=October 2015}} The Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy dolls and their related memorabilia have become sought-after collectors' items.[24] In addition to the dolls and books, other related items continue to be produced including adaptations of the stories into comic books, audio recordings, animated films, and television and theatrical productions.[25] Honors and tributesThe Raggedy Ann doll was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in Rochester, New York, on March 27, 2002. Raggedy Andy was inducted 5 years later on November 8, 2007.[24][26] Related booksJohnny Gruelle, Raggedy Ann's creator, authored and/or illustrated dozens of related works. Many other books were released and in some cases credited to Gruelle after his death in 1938. In addition, numerous works have been written and/or illustrated by others such as Ethel Hays, who illustrated most of the Saalfield Publishing Company's Raggedy Ann-related stories published from 1944.[27] Written and illustrated by Johnny Gruelle{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by others{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Adaptations attributed to Gruelle, or based on his works{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Written by others; illustrated by Gruelle and/or others{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Raggedy Ann and Andy's Grow and Learn LibraryA collection of twenty books published by Lynx, with each story containing a lesson, such as maintaining friendship when someone moves away or why parents must go to work. Raggedy Ann and Andy live in Marcella's playroom with many other toys such as Babette the French doll, Raggedy dog, The Camel with the Wrinkled Knees, Sunny Bunny, Bubbles the Clown, Tim the Toy Soldier and more.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} {{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
Other adaptationsMany subsequent adaptations of the Raggedy Ann and Andy books have been published, in addition to the characters appearing in other media formats. Animated feature films and shorts
Theatre/Stage
Television
Audio recordings{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Comic books{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
Doll manufacturers
Doll productionAlthough the female members of Gruelle's family may have originally handmade a few of the versions of the Raggedy Ann doll in Norwalk, Connecticut, to help market the related books, Gruelle soon established a merchandising agreement with P. F. Volland Company, the primary publisher of his books, to manufacture, sell, and promote a mass-produced, commercial version of the Raggedy Ann doll.[4] Early Raggedy Ann and Andy dolls were manufactured by different companies and not produced as matched sets.[73] Between 1918 and 1926, the Non-Breakable Toy Company of Muskegon, Michigan, made more than 75,000 dolls were made for Volland.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}} By the late 1920s Volland's orders for Raggedy Ann dolls from its manufacturer had reached 4,000 per month.[73] When Volland ceased operations during the Great Depression it had already sold more than 150,000 dolls and nearly 2 million Raggedy Ann books.[74] . In 1935 Gruelle granted permission to the Exposition Doll and Toy Manufacturing Company Company to manufacture and sell authorized versions of the Raggedy Ann and Andy dolls.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} From 1935 until 1937 Molly-'Es Doll Outfitters manufactured and sold unauthorized versions of the Raggedy Ann and Andy dolls until a legal decision handed down in Gruelle v (Mollye) Goldman[75] prohibited Molly-'Es Dolls from further manufacturing and sales of the dolls.[21] Sewing patterns for homemade dolls{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
In popular culture
Public collectionsGruelle's hometown of Arcola, Illinois, is the former home of the annual Raggedy Ann and Andy Festival and the Raggedy Ann and Andy Museum. The museum was closed and the festival discontinued in 2009. Some of the museum's contents were donated to Strong National Museum of Play.[78] Other aspects of the collection were moved to the Rockome Gardens theme park in Arcola.[79] References1. ^[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/style/1986/08/24/its-raggedytime/e6b16ead-82c7-4406-a7dd-bf8e65a1782c/ Washington Post] 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=pd2uh_WFR-wC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=beloved+belindy+history&source=bl&ots=Cj2vmr8li9&sig=ACfU3U0movy5l_p44vNiYSeN-oFo8CLz7Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiT2_zHm9DgAhXE5YMKHZUBAUY4ChDoATAIegQIARAB#v=onepage&q=beloved+belindy+history&f=false|title=Mammy: A Century of Race, Gender, and Southern Memory|first=Kimberly|last=Wallace-Sanders|date=February 23, 2019|publisher=University of Michigan Press|access-date=February 23, 2019|via=Google Books}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/3710184-beloved-belindy|title=Beloved Belindy|author=|date=|website=www.goodreads.com|access-date=February 23, 2019}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal| author=Patricia Hall | title =A Child At Heart: The Fanciful World of Johnny Gruelle | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =2 | issue =4 | page=10 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Fall 1990| url = http://cdm16797.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/fullbrowser/collection/p16797coll39/id/261/rv/compoundobject/cpd/308 | access-date =September 14, 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url = http://www.raggedy-ann.com/patty.html | title= Raggedy Ann and Andy: History and Legend |author=Patricia Hall| date=1999| publisher=Raggedy-Ann.com|accessdate= November 23, 2015| archivedate= September 7, 2015| archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20150907135539/http://www.raggedy-ann.com/patty.html | deadurl=no}} 6. ^1 {{cite book |author=Patricia Hall | title=Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy | publisher =Pelican Publishing | year= 1993| isbn=978-0882899084|pages=107|url= }} 7. ^1 {{cite web| url = http://www.raggedy-ann.com/jgill.html | title=Johnny Gruelle Inspired Illustrator| author=Patricia Hall| publisher=Raggedy-Ann.com | date=1999|accessdate= October 29, 2015| archivedate=September 10, 2015 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910091740/http://www.raggedy-ann.com/jgill.html | deadurl=no}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-return-of-the-vaccine-wars-1424463778|title=The Return of the Vaccine Wars|last=Oshinsky|first=David|date=February 20, 2015|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=November 23, 2015|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6iIIVQlMy?url=http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-return-of-the-vaccine-wars-1424463778|archivedate=June 15, 2016|deadurl=bot: unknown|quote=Indeed, [the anti-vaccination movement's] most visible symbol was the smiling but entirely limp Raggedy Ann doll created by a popular cartoonist for his daughter, who had fallen ill and would later die, he believed, from a smallpox shot she received without his permission.|df=mdy-all}} 9. ^{{cite news | url = http://indianapublicmedia.org/momentofindianahistory/raggedy-anns-hoosier-pedigree/ | title=Raggedy Ann's Hoosier Pedigree| author=Yaël Ksander|date= April 11, 2011|publisher=Indiana Public Media/Indiana University |access-date= October 29, 2015| archivedate=April 24, 2011 | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20110424223949/http://indianapublicmedia.org/momentofindianahistory/raggedy-anns-hoosier-pedigree/ | deadurl=no}} 10. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 105. 11. ^{{cite book | author=Mary Q. Burnet | title =Art and Artists of Indiana| publisher =The Century Company | series = | volume = | edition = | year =1921 | location =New York | page=195 | url = | isbn =}} Reprint edition, Evansville, Indiana: Whipporwill Publications, 1985. 12. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.simonsays.com/content/feature.cfm?sid=686&feature_id=463 |title=Raggedy History|publisher=Simon & Schuster| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20040817134358/http://simonsays.com/content/feature.cfm?sid=686&feature_id=463 | archivedate= August 17, 2004}} 13. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 108. 14. ^1 Hall, "A Child At Heart," pp. 10–11. 15. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 118. 16. ^{{cite journal|author= |url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-11-26/news/vw-24839_1_johnny-gruelle |title=New Raggedy Ann Causing a Stir : It's an Open-and-Shut Case for the Creators' Family |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=November 16, 1987 |accessdate=November 17, 2013}} 17. ^{{cite web |author=Wayne Homren |title=William H. Woodin's Political Journey and Musical Talent |publisher=Coinbooks.org |date=December 16, 2007 |url=http://www.coinbooks.org/esylum_v10n51a16.html |accessdate=November 17, 2013}} 18. ^Hall, "A Child At Heart," pp. 11–12. 19. ^1 Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 170. 20. ^{{cite book | author=R. E. Banta | title =Indiana Authors and Their Books, 1816–1916: Biographical sketches of authors who published during the first century of Indiana statehood, with lists of their books| publisher =Wabash College | series = | volume = | edition = | year =1949 | location =Crawfordsville, Indiana | page=125 | url = | OCLC = 1044959}} 21. ^1 Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 169–70, 172–74. 22. ^1 Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 184–85. See also: Hall, "A Child At Heart," pp. 10–11. 23. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 187–88. 24. ^1 {{cite book | author=Linda C. Gugin and James E. St. Clair, eds. | title =Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State | publisher =Indiana Historical Society Press| year =2015 | location =Indianapolis | pages=142–44| url = | isbn =978-0-87195-387-2}} 25. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 190–91. See also: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, pp. 158–80. 26. ^{{cite press release|url =http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/raggedy-ann-fans-worldwide-rejoice-about-raggedy-anns-induction-into-national-toy-hall-of-fame-76650402.html | title=Raggedy Ann Fans Worldwide Rejoice About Raggedy Ann's Induction Into National Toy Hall of Fame! |date=March 27, 2002 |publisher= United Media | accessdate= June 30, 2016|archivedate=June 30, 2016| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160630142352/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/raggedy-ann-fans-worldwide-rejoice-about-raggedy-anns-induction-into-national-toy-hall-of-fame-76650402.html| deadurl=no}} See also: {{cite web| url = http://www.toyhalloffame.org/toys/year |title=Inducted Toys: by Year Inducted List | publisher= The Strong National Museum of Play, National Toy Hall of Fame| accessdate= June 30, 2016|archivedate=April 1, 2016| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160401125313/http://www.toyhalloffame.org/toys/year|deadurl=no}} 27. ^{{cite book|title=Raggedy Ann and More: Johnny Gruelle's Dolls and Merchandise|author=Patricia Hall |publisher = Pelican Publishing Company |year=2000|isbn= 978-1-56554-102-3 |page=144}} 28. ^1 2 3 4 5 Banta, p. 126. 29. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 145. 30. ^1 2 3 Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 200. 31. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 148, 156, 200. 32. ^1 A reprint of Gruelle's early work, My Very Own Fairy Stories (1917). See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 88. 33. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 153, 200. 34. ^Lyrics and illustrations by Johnny Gruelle, music by Will Woodin. See Banta, p. 126. 35. ^1 2 Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 201. 36. ^Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 131. 37. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 165. 38. ^Lyrics and illustrations by Johnny Gruelle, music by Charles Miller. See Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 201. 39. ^Written by Johnny Gruelle, illustrated by Justine Gruelle and/or Worth Gruelle. See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 136. Also: Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 201. 40. ^1 2 3 4 5 Written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Justin C. Gruelle. See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 37. 41. ^Written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Justin Gruelle. See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 139. 42. ^Written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Worth Gruelle. See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 142. 43. ^Written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Justin Gruelle. See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 143. 44. ^Written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Justin Gruelle. See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 147. 45. ^1 2 3 ”Saalfield Treasure Book” series, Saalfield Publishing Company; written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Ethel Hays. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 149. 46. ^1 2 “The Wonder Books” series, published by Grosset and Dunlap; written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Tom Sinnickson. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 150. 47. ^"The Wonder Books" series, published by Grosset and Dunlap; written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by George and Irma Wilde. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 150. 48. ^1 “The Wonder Books” series, published by Grosset and Dunlap; written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Rachael Taft Dixon. See Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 151. 49. ^"The Wonder Books" series, published by Grosset and Dunlap; written by Johnny Gruelle. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 150. 50. ^“The Wonder Books” series, published by Grosset and Dunlap; written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Tom Sinnickson. See Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 151. 51. ^1 2 3 Written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by Worth Gruelle with the assistance of Joni Gruelle (Worth Gruelle’s daughter) See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 136. 52. ^1 Written by Johnny Gruelle; illustrated by John E. Hopper. See Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 201–02. 53. ^Unattributed text; based on Gruelle’s book, The Paper Dragon; animations by Julian Wehr. See: Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 146. 54. ^1 Written by Marjory Schwalje; illustrated by Becky Krehbile. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 172. 55. ^Written by Marjory Schwalje; illustrated by June Goldsborough. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 172. 56. ^Written by Nika Hazelton; illustrated by Johnny Gruelle, Worth Gruelle, and Justin Gruelle. See Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 154. 57. ^Written by Doris Thorner Salzberg; illustrated by Johnny Gruelle, Worth Gruelle, Justin Gruelle, and others. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 155. 58. ^Written by Lydia Encinas; illustrated by Johnny Gruelle, Worth Gruelle, John Hopper, and others. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 155. 59. ^1 2 3 Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 179. 60. ^ An animated feature film directed by Richard Williams. Raggedy Ann was voiced by Didi Conn, and drawn by Tissa David, who became one of the first women to animate a leading character in an animated feature film. See: {{cite news|author=John Cannemaker|title=Thérèse "Tissa" David (1921–2012): Her Animating Spirit |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444812704577607660516039328 |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=August 27, 2012| accessdate=September 14, 2012| archivedate=March 14, 2016 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160314003313/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444812704577607660516039328 | deadurl=no}} 61. ^{{cite news|first=|last=|title=Master animator Tissa David dies at 91, She was one of first women in male-dominated field |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118058316 |work=Variety |date=August 27, 2012|accessdate=September 9, 2012| archivedate=December 3, 2013 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003533/http://variety.com/2012/film/news/master-animator-tissa-david-dies-at-91-1118058316/ |deadurl=no}} 62. ^A stage play adapted from screenwriter Patricia Thackray's 1977 film. See: {{cite web|title=Dramatic Publishing Raggedy Ann & Andy|url=http://www.dramaticpublishing.com/p1237/Raggedy-Ann-and-Andy/product_info.html|date=June 19, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017185718/http://www.dramaticpublishing.com/p1237/Raggedy-Ann-and-Andy/product_info.html|archivedate=October 17, 2012|df=mdy-all}} 63. ^A Broadway musical by songwriter Joe Raposo and playwright William Gibson. See: {{cite web|title=Raggedy Ann: The Musical Adventure |url=http://ibdb.com/production.php?id=4425| publisher=Internet Broadway Database (The Broadway League | date=June 19, 2013 |archivedate= June 30, 2016| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160630141311/https://www.ibdb.com/Production/View/4425 | deadurl = no}} 64. ^A Christmas television special directed by Chuck Jones. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 179. 65. ^A Halloween television special, also directed by Chuck Jones. See Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 179. 66. ^An animated television series{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} 67. ^An episode of the animated anthology series CBS Storybreak{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} 68. ^1 2 3 4 5 Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, pp. 177–78. 69. ^Hall, Raggedy Ann and Johnny Gruelle, p. 176. 70. ^The Non-Breakable Toy Company was an early manufacturer of the dolls for Volland. 71. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 172–74. 72. ^In 2012 Hasbro signed Aurora World for a new line of Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy plush dolls. See: {{cite web|title=Hasbro Signs Raggedy Ann Partner|url=http://www.licensemag.com/license-global/hasbro-signs-raggedy-ann-partner|work=License! Global|publisher=Advanstar Communications|date=February 9, 2012}} 73. ^1 2 Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, p. 121. 74. ^Hall, Johnny Gruelle, Creator of Raggedy Ann and Andy, pp. 164–65. 75. ^{{Cite news|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/94/172/1505632/|title=Gruelle v. Molly-'Es Doll Outfitters, 94 F.2d 172 (3d Cir. 1937)|work=Justia Law|access-date=2017-11-30|language=en}} 76. ^McCall's has continued to produce identical #2531 patterns with only a change in cover design. 77. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/news-photo/childrens-book-character-and-doll-raggedy-ann-is-depicted-news-photo/544380464|title=Children's book character and doll, Raggedy-Ann, is depicted in a...|author=|date=|website=Getty Images|accessdate=February 23, 2019}} 78. ^{{cite news| url = http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-05-26/news/0905250214_1_johnny-gruelle-andy-museum-raggedy-ann |title= Raggedy Ann & Andy Museum's closing a sign of times| work=Chicago Tribune| date= May 26, 2009|author=Steve Schmadeke|accessdate= June 30, 2016|archivedate=June 10, 2016 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160610064250/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2009-05-26/news/0905250214_1_johnny-gruelle-andy-museum-raggedy-ann |deadurl=no}} See also: {{cite web| author=Chris Bensch| title =Raggedy Ann Makes Her Move | work =Play Stuff Blog | publisher =The Strong National Museum of Play | date =August 31, 2009 | url= http://www.museumofplay.org/blog/play-stuff/2009/08/raggedy-ann-makes-her-move | format = | accessdate = }} 79. ^{{cite journal|author=Tom C. Doran|title=Early agriculture displayed among unique rock gardens|url=http://www.agrinews-pubs.com/Content/News/Latest-News/Article/Early-agriculture-displayed-among-unique-rock-gardens-/8/6/11068|publisher=AgriNews|location=LaSalle, Illinois|accessdate=October 12, 2016|date=September 2, 2014|archivedate=October 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lFDtY8SN?url=http://www.agrinews-pubs.com/Content/News/Latest-News/Article/Early-agriculture-displayed-among-unique-rock-gardens-/8/6/11068|deadurl=yes|df=mdy-all}}. Additional archive, October 14, 2016. External links{{Commons category|Raggedy Ann}}{{Portal|Children's literature}}
12 : Characters in American novels of the 20th century|Series of books|Series of children's books|Doll brands|Fictional dolls and dummies|Animated duos|Fleischer Studios series and characters|Famous Studios series and characters|Television series by U.M. & M. TV Corporation|Fictional characters introduced in 1915|Sentient toys in fiction|1910s toys |
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