| 词条 | Raiatea | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Raiatea | image_name = borabora Tahaa Raiatea.jpg | image_caption = The islands of Bora Bora (top) Taha'a (middle) and Ra'iātea (bottom). Taha'a and Ra'iātea share the same lagoon. | image_size = 200px | map_image = Karta FP Societe isl.PNG | map_caption = | native_name = Ra'iātea | native_name_link = Tahitian language | nickname = | location = Pacific Ocean | coordinates = {{Coord|16|49|S|151|27|W|type:isle_scale:250000_region:PF|display=inline,title}} | archipelago = Society Islands | total_islands = | major_islands = Raiatea | area_km2 = 167.7 | highest_mount = Mount Tefatua | elevation_m = 1,017 | country = France | country_admin_divisions_title = Overseas collectivity | country_admin_divisions = French Polynesia | country_capital_and_largest_city = 'Uturoa [1] | country_largest_city_population = 3,778 | population = 12,545[2] | density_km2 = 72 | ethnic_groups = | additional_info = }} Ra'iātea, is the second largest of the Society Islands, after Tahiti, in French Polynesia. The island is widely regarded as the 'centre' of the eastern islands in ancient Polynesia{{cn|date=March 2018}} and it is likely that the organised migrations to Hawai'i, New Zealand and other parts of East Polynesia started at Ra'iātea. A traditional name for the island is Havai'i, homeland of the M%C4%81ori people.[3] Situated on the southeast coast is the historical Taputapuātea which was established by 1000 AD. The main township on Ra'iātea is 'Uturoa, the administrative centre for the Leeward Islands (French Îles Sous-le-vent). There are also colleges which serve as the main educational location for secondary schools for students from the regional islands of Bora Bora, Taha'a, Huahine and Maupiti. EtymologyThe proper spelling of the name in the Tahitian language is Ra'iātea, meaning bright sky; Ulieta is an obsolete transcription commonly used in the 19th century. The term recurs elsewhere in East Polynesia as a local place name - on Rarotonga (Rangiatea), New Zealand (Rangiātea), Hawai'i and O'ahu (Laniākea).[4] The extinct Raiatea starling originated from this island, along with other unknown species, there is only one drawing of it in the world which is in the Natural History Museum London. Geography and populationThe islands of Ra'iātea and Taha'a are enclosed by a single coral reef, and may once have been a single island. Ra'iātea is both the largest and most populated island in the Leeward Islands, with a land area of {{convert|167.7|km²|1|abbr=on}} and a total population of 12,024 inhabitants at the August 2007 census. The population density is 72 inhabitants per km². The largest commune of Ra'iātea is 'Uturoa on the north side of Ra'iātea and has a population of nearly 10,000. HistoryThe first European to record sighting Ra'iātea was Pedro Fernandes de Queirós in 1606; it was charted as La Fugitiva.[5] The Polynesian navigator, Tupaia, who sailed with explorer James Cook, was born in Ra'iātea around 1725. Cook visited Raiatea in 1769 and again in 1773-1774.[3]{{rp|214-218,284-291,315-318}} Omai (c.1751-1780), another young man from Ra'iātea, travelled with European explorers to London in 1774 and also served as an interpreter to Captain Cook on his second and third journey. King Tamatoa VI was the last monarch, reigning from 1884-1888. TransportationRa'iātea has a small road that runs around the entire island. Ra'iātea Airport is an airport in 'Uturoa. AdministrationThe island is divided into three administration communes (municipalities):
These three communes are inside the administrative subdivision of the Leeward Islands. EconomyThe island economy is mainly agricultural with exports of vanilla, pineapple and coconut. The plant Nono (or noni) (Morinda citrifolia) is also grown. Fa'aroa Valley is a large and important agricultural region with the rural economy and the cultivation of vanilla supported by a local research facility. Pearl farming is also an important industry while farming cattle, sheep and pigs has recently decreased. There is less tourism compared to the other islands in the archipelago. The local tourist infrastructure comprises boarding houses, two marinas, a four star hotel, The Hawaiki Nui and a port for visiting cruise ships. There is also a fledgling local industry in the maintenance of yachts and shipbuilding. The main source of employment is the island's public service and the consumer market. GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.etahititravel.com/islands/raiatea.aspx|title=Vacation guide to Raiatea|publisher=eTahititravel|access-date=24 March 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ispf.pf/(k1aciwf4z0fyap45ghzhgm55)/stat/demo/rp2007/pdfs/poplegales2007.pdf| title=Recensement de la population 2007| author=Institut Statistique de Polynésie Française (ISPF)|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-12-02 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071203110626/http://www.ispf.pf/(k1aciwf4z0fyap45ghzhgm55)/stat/demo/rp2007/pdfs/poplegales2007.pdf |archivedate = 2007-12-03|language=fr}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Salmond|first1=Anne|title=Aphrodite's Island|date=2010|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=9780520261143|pages=227-228}} 4. ^{{cite book |last1=Crowe |first1=Andrew |title=Pathway of the Birds: The Voyaging Achievements of Māori and their Polynesian Ancestors |date=2018 |publisher=Bateman |location=Auckland, New Zealand |isbn=9781869539610 ||url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/41112497-pathway-of-the-birds}} 5. ^Burney, James A chronological history of the discoveries in the South Sea or the Pacific Ocean London, 1803, vII, p.326. Further reading
| date = 29 May 2010 | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18559_162-6531509/48-hours-live-to-tell-black-wave/ | title = 48 hours live to tell. Black wave | publisher = CBS News | quote = We had just left an island called Ra'iātea, which was about 300 miles west of Tahiti. | accessdate = 2013-07-27 }}{{Society Islands}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ra'iatea}} 1 : Raiatea |
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