| 词条 | Rajbiraj |
| 释义 |
| name = Rajbiraj | official_name = Rajbiraj Nagarpalika | other_name = | native_name = राजविराज | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = City | motto = "Green Rajbiraj, Clean Rajbiraj" | image_skyline = Tribhuvan Chowk.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = Gajendra (Tribhuwan) chowk situated in the center of the city | image_map = {{mapframe|plain=yes|frame=yes|type=point|frame-align=center|zoom=9|marker=marker|marker-color=0050d0}} | mapsize = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Nepal Province2#Nepal | pushpin_label_position = top | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Rajbiraj | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nepal | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Province No. 2 | subdivision_type2 = Development Region | subdivision_name2 = Eastern | subdivision_type3 = District | subdivision_name3 = Saptari District | subdivision_type4 = No. of Wards | subdivision_name4 = 16 | government_footnotes = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Shambhu Prasad Yadav (RJPN) | leader_title1 = Deputy Mayor | leader_name1 = Sadhana Jha (RJPN) | leader_title2 = Municipal Chief Administrative Officer | leader_name2 = Rajesh Kumar Raj[1] | established_title = | established_date = | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 55.64 | population_as_of = 2011 est. | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 69803[2] | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 70,000 (approx.) | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | timezone = NST | utc_offset = +5:45 | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|26|32|26|N|86|44|55|E|region:NP_type:city|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 76 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 56400 | area_code = 031 | website = {{URL|www.rajbirajmun.gov.np}} | footnotes = }} Rajbiraj ({{lang-ne|राजविराज}}) is a mid-sized municipality located in the south-eastern region of the Province No. 2 of Nepal. Rajbiraj is the district headquarters of Saptari as well as the eighth largest city of the Province No. 2. The city is systematically designed according to the Indian city of Jaipur in 1938 and has been the first township in Nepal to receive urban planning.[3] It was later declared a municipality in 1959.[3] According to 2011 census, the city had a population of 69,803,[4][5] making it the 33rd largest municipality in Nepal. The city area is spread over {{Convert|55.64|km2|sqmi|abbr=on|2}} and comprises 16 wards. The city is named after the ancient temple of Rajdevi, rebuilt by the Sens of Makawanpur in the 14th century.[6][7] Rajbiraj has prominently served as a politically active town in the modern history of Nepal and has been the hometown to some of the well-known icons of the nation. The major trade routes to the town are offered by the Nepalese metropolis of Biratnagar {{Convert|78|km|mi|abbr=on}} east to the city as well as the Indo-Nepal borders of Kunauli {{Convert|17|km|mi|abbr=on}} and Bhimnagar {{Convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} respectively south and east to the city. Rastriya Janata Party Nepal's Shambu Prasad Yadav and Sadhana Jha hold the current mayoral and deputy mayoral chairs of the town, as per the results of the local elections held on September 27, 2018.[8]HistoryRajbiraj is one of the few cities given the status of municipality when Nepal's monarchy was restored in the 1950s. Rajbiraj is the first city of Nepal to be urban planned.[9] The Nepal government plans to develop it as a model city.[10] Chief Engineer and Architect Dilli Jang Thapa designed Rajbiraj based on Indian city Jaipur.[11][12] The city is now recognized as an educational capital of Eastern Nepal with various schools and colleges opening. The city also has an old history with the ruins and stone samples from local Rajdevi Temple dating back to 8th century AD.[13][6] The said temple is known to be family temple of Kushadhwaja. The City is historical twin city of Janakpur also known to be a seat of Kushadhwaja the brother of King Janka whose 3 daughters Mandavi, Urmila and Shrutkirti were married to Bharata, Ramayana, Lakshmana, Ramayana and Satrughna. Kushdhwaja later left the area to his ministers and moved to Kashi after his brother won a war against Kashi when Kashi attacked Janakpur. Around Rajbiraj there were small shrines dedicated to Mandavi, Urmila and Shrutkirti but have lost with time. ToponymyThe city of Rajbiraj is named after Rajdevi Temple. The Meaning of Raj comes from the name of the Rajdevi temple which means "state" and biraj means "to reside" or "to live".[14] DemographyAccording to the National Population Census of 2011, Rajbiraj's population was 69,803, of which male and female are 35,092 and 33,304 respectively.[5] The effective literacy rate was 79.71%, with male literacy at 88.40% and female literacy at 70.24%.[15] The data on religion in 2011 showed Hinduism as the majority religion. Most people follow Hinduism as a religion. The Hindu population accounts for 87%, Muslim 10.89%, Jains 1.26% and Sikhs 0.64%.[15] The city has also community of Muslims along with Sikhs, Jains and Buddhists. Rajbiraj is situated within one of the most ethnically diverse regions of Nepal, and the rural hinterland is home to a diverse cross section of Terai communities consisting of Kayastha, Deo, Yadav, Mandal, Muslim, Brahmin, Rajput, Marwari, Tharu, Badhai, Lohar, Sonar, Teli, Bania, Damai, Newar and Bahun.[16] {{bar box|title=Religion in Rajbiraj[15] |titlebar=#Fcd116 |left1=Religion |right1=Percent |float=right |bars={{bar percent|Hinduism|#FF6600|87.01}}{{bar percent|Islam|#009000|10.89}}{{bar percent|Jain|#FFFF00|1.26}}{{bar percent|Sikh|#808080|0.64}}{{bar percent|Others|#808080|0.20}}Others include Christians, Buddhists & Other religions (0.19%) }} The native dialect is Maithili which is mostly spoken in the city. After Maithili Nepali is widely spoken by Rajbirajians, and other rarely spoken language.[15] TransportRoadRajbiraj is one of the cities in Nepal that is connected by the East West Highway about {{convert|10|km|mi|0}} to the north and {{convert|17|km|mi|0}} to the east also known as Hulaki Rajmarg. It is well connected to other Nepalese cities by National Highway and Sub Highway. Buses are an important mode of intercity passenger travel.Besides that City Rickshaws and Magic (small vehicle) are another important means of travelling in local areas. Air{{Main|Rajbiraj Airport}}Rajbiraj has one of the oldest airfields of Nepal, named as the Rajbiraj Airport (IATA: RJB, ICAO: VNRB) which was inaugurated by the then transportation minister Ganesh Man Singh in 1959. After witnessing almost three decades of halt, the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal has recently carried out a series of vigorous renovation (worth Rs. 303 million) of the airport. Shree Airlines 50-seater CRJ-200 has been tested on May 23 with Captain DR Niroula of Shree’s safety department along with other instructor pilots — Captain Prajwol Adhikari, Rajesh Shrestha.[17] The airport has halted all the flights from 2007 and the commercial flights was started from first June 24, 2018.[18][19] IntracityThe best way of getting around the city is by using cycle rickshaws and electric rickshaws. There are also auto rickshaw running short distances but they don't operate in the main market area. ClimateRajbiraj Municipal has particularly a tropical climate. The three main seasons, summer, monsoon and winter respectively. Being located in the Plain (Terai) lands of Nepal, the climate and weather of Rajbiraj is usually hot.[20] The summer season runs from Early April to August and touches temperature ranging from 23 °C (73 °F) to 44 °C (111 °F). Monsoons arrive in the month of July heralded by dust and thunderstorms. The winter season prevails from the month of October till the month of March. Humidity, which prevails during monsoons, diminishes at the arrival of winters. The city observes pleasant sunny days and enjoyable cool nights with the temperature ranging from 6 °C (41 °F) to 30 °C (86 °F). Rajbiraj winter season is the most appealing time to pay here a visit. Tourists arrive in large numbers, anytime between mid-September to late March or early April. Overall the January is the coldest month and June is the most hottest month in the year. {{Weather box| location = Rajbiraj Raaj Rangashaalaa (1981-2012) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | open = yes | Jan high C = 21.5 | Feb high C = 25.4 | Mar high C = 29.9 | Apr high C = 33.1 | May high C = 33.7 | Jun high C = 31.8 | Jul high C = 31.7 | Aug high C = 31.4 | Sep high C = 31.0 | Oct high C = 30.2 | Nov high C = 26.2 | Dec high C = 24.1 | year high C = | Jan low C = 8.0 | Feb low C = 10.1 | Mar low C = 12.6 | Apr low C = 18.4 | May low C = 22.3 | Jun low C = 24.2 | Jul low C = 24.6 | Aug low C = 24.4 | Sep low C = 23.6 | Oct low C = 20.8 | Nov low C = 12.4 | Dec low C = 9.2 | year low C = | Jan precipitation mm = 12.7 | Feb precipitation mm = 14.2 | Mar precipitation mm = 17.2 | Apr precipitation mm = 56.1 | May precipitation mm = 189.0 | Jun precipitation mm = 320.4 | Jul precipitation mm = 545.8 | Aug precipitation mm = 384.3 | Sep precipitation mm = 299.8 | Oct precipitation mm = 92.8 | Nov precipitation mm = 6.8 | Dec precipitation mm = 5.4 | year precipitation mm = | source 1 = Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (Nepal)[21] | date=October 2012 }} Tourism{{Original research|section|date=April 2015}}Rajbiraj is a typical tourist city and a place to explore the interesting places in eastern Nepal. However, there are many things to do in the city. A number of colorful Hatiyaa Bazaars are held each week in different parts of the town, where farmers from the rural hinterland set up stalls to trade agricultural produce, spices and handicrafts. Rajbiraj is a hub for travel plans in Eastern Nepal. In the Rajbiraj city there are many religious Hindu temple to visit. Most of the temples are more than 200 years old. The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve famous for its wildlife, especially for bird-watching enthusiasts, is a mere 40-minute drive from the city. It is also home to the endangered wild buffaloes called "Arna" in Nepali. The Saptakoshi Bridge is also the attraction to visit it is only 25 km far from the city. Another location near Rajbiraj is Dharan (75 km), which is 2 hours journey by bus. Religious sites{{Main|List of Hindu temples in Nepal}}Rajdevi Temple is a historic 8th century Hindu temple (as per Nepal Arechelogy) located on the east of the city and is one of the most prominent landmarks of the city. It is dedicated to the deity Rajdevi. The temple is a significant symbol for Hindus and the present structure was built between 1990. The temple attracts on average thousands of visitors annually.[22] Some thousands of goats are sacrificed here during Dashain.[23][24]FestivalsMajor religious celebrations include the major Hindu festivals Vijaya Dashami, Dipawali, Chhath , Holi, Sama Chakeva and Vishwakarma Puja. The Chhath and Holi is heavily celebrated with a carnival-like atmosphere. The locals people take pride in the way these festivals are celebrated.[25][26] MediaPrint media include the National daily Annapurna Post, Gorkhapatra, Kantipur Patrika and Nepal Samacharpatra. There are numerous local newspaper which covers the news of the city like Nai Ummid, Rajbiraj Dainik, Krishna Dainik, News Today Patrika and Green Madhesh Patrika. while English news daily like The Himalayan Times and The Kathmandu Post are also available. Telecommunications services include Nepal Telecom, Ncell and UTL. WorldLink, Broadlink and Subisu are providing broadband services in this region. To promote local culture, Rajbiraj has number of FM radio stations[27] which are:
Educational institutions{{Main|List of educational institutions in Rajbiraj}}Rajbiraj has a well-established education infrastructure. There are a number of colleges and schools meeting the requirements of not only the city but the region and country as well. It is home to several Educational institutions for pre-primary, Primary, Secondary, High-Secondary, senior-secondary, graduate and post-graduate studies. Rajbiraj is an educational hub of Eastern Region of Nepal. Sai Krishna Medical College & Hospital (SKMCH), nursing colleges & +2 colleges in the city are attracting the student from neighbor district & Eastern Region of Nepal. HospitalsFollowing health services are available at Rajbiraj.
BankingFollowing banking and financial institutions provides services in the city.
Money transfer
SportsKabaadi and Cricket are the most popular sports among the younger generation in the city. The city has 3 local stadiums. The sporting activities are mainly centered in the multipurpose stadium Rajbiraj Rangasala in the main city. The popular sports are cricket, football, volleyball, basketball, kabaddi, badminton etc. Freedom cricket club and Rajdevi cricket academy are the most active cricket club in the city with time stadium Rajbiraj Stadium[30] The Mahendra Club is one of the most active organizations promoting football in the city and organizes a regional club-level annual tournament: the Saptari Gold Cup.[31][32] In July 2018, Wicket Nepal organized Saptari Premier League (SPL)- Mayor Cup. The final match held on 18th Jul between Bajaj Khadak Warriors and Bodebarsain. The Bajaj Khadak Warriors won the match with net cash prize NPR. 1,51,000 and a cup.[33] CuisineThe staple diet of the region is rice, dal and curry. On the festive occasions, people prepare a number of fried items of vegetables as well as other special items. Fish is one of the most popular source of protein in Rajbiraj. Notable persons
See also
References1. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.rajbirajmun.gov.np/ |title=राजविराज नगरपालिका |website=www.rajbirajmun.gov.np |access-date=2018-12-27}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=National Population and Housing Census 2011|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_phc/Nepal/Nepal-Census-2011-Vol1.pdf|publisher=National Planning Commission Secretariat, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Government of Nepal|date=November 2012}} 3. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.housingnepal.com/articles/display/rapid-urbanization-in-nepal-an-asset-or-liability |title=Rapid urbanization in Nepal |website=www.housingnepal.com |access-date=2018-05-08}} 4. ^{{Cite web |url=http://103.69.124.141/ |title=स्थानिय तह |website=103.69.124.141 |access-date=2018-05-08}} 5. ^1 {{Cite book|url=http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/2017/Population_Ward_Level_753_Local_Unit.pdf|title=Population Ward Level 753 Local Unit|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Dāsa|first1=Harikāntalāla|title=Saptarī Jillākā pramukha sāṃskr̥tika sthalaharu : eka adhyayana : laghuanusandhānakārya|date=2003|publisher=Nepāla Rājakīya Prajñā-Pratishṭhāna|location=Kāṭhamāḍauṃ|isbn=9789993350569|pages=120|edition=1. saṃskaraṇa.}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.asianart.com/articles/saptari/index.html |title=Sanjib Chaudhary: The ruins of Sen palace and temple in Saptari district of Nepal |website=www.asianart.com |access-date=2018-05-08}} 8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/rastriya-janata-party-nepal-candidate-elected-mayor-rajbiraj-municipality/|title=RJP-N candidate elected mayor of Rajbiraj Municipality|date=2017-09-28|work=The Himalayan Times|access-date=2018-04-26|language=en-US}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|title=Rajbiraj revisited|url=http://nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=5454#.VfKHhPDQTIU|website=Nepal Times|accessdate=19 July 2002}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Nepal's first planned town on revival road|url=http://myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=73973|website=My Republica|accessdate=2 May 2015}} 11. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2017/08/12/dilli-jung-thapa-forgotten-hero/ |title=DILLI JUNG THAPA Forgotten Hero |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |website=SpotlightNepal |language=en |access-date=2018-05-08}} 12. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2016/02/19/what-went-wrong-in-my-madhesh/ |title=What Went Wrong In My Madhesh? |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |website=SpotlightNepal |language=en |access-date=2018-05-08}} 13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.malayakhabar.com/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80/ |title=राजदेवी |last=खबर |first=मलाया |website=www.malayakhabar.com |language=ne |access-date=2018-05-08|date=2016-12-31 }} 14. ^{{cite web|title=Rajdevi Temple|url=http://bossnepal.com/rajdevi-temple/|website=Boss Nepal|accessdate=5 April 2015}} 15. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=National Population and Housing Census 2011|url=http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/15%20Saptari_VDCLevelReport.pdf|website=Central Bureau of Statistics|accessdate=1 March 2014}} 16. ^{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com.np/books?id=yWvtsgEACAAJ&dq=The+Caste+System+in+Terai+Madhes&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCo7u79b7fAhXIwLwKHQfXBlEQ6AEIJDAA |title=The Caste System in Terai Madhesh |last=Rakesh |first=Ram Dayal |date=2015 |publisher=Adroit Publishers |isbn=9788187393108 |language=en}} 17. ^{{Cite web |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/rajbiraj-airport-gets-rolling-after-successful-test-flight/ |title=Rajbiraj airport gets rolling after successful test flight |date=2018-05-23 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en-US |access-date=2018-06-26}} 18. ^{{Cite web |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-06-25/rajbiraj-airport-begins-commercial-operations.html |title=Rajbiraj Airport begins commercial operations |language=en |access-date=2018-06-26}} 19. ^{{Cite web |url=http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-05-25/rajbiraj-airport-resumes-operations-after-a-decade.html |title=Rajbiraj Airport resumes operations after a decade |language=en |access-date=2018-06-26}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Rising Temperature|url=http://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/rising-mercury-brings-tarai-life-to-standstill/|website=The Himalayan Times|accessdate=6 June 2015|date=2015-06-06}} 21. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dhm.gov.np/uploads/climatic/| title = NORMALS FROM 1981-2012|access-date= 20 October 2012| publisher = Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (Nepal)}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ekantipur.com/2014/10/02/top-story/maha-asthami-observed-today/395912.html|title=Maha Asthami observed today|work=ekantipur.com}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://bossnepal.com/the-goddess-with-severed-head/|title=The Goddess with Severed Head|work=Boss Nepal}} 24. ^{{Cite web |url=http://bossnepal.com/culturally-rich-rajbiraj/ |title=Culturally rich Rajbiraj |website=Boss Nepal |language=en-US |access-date=2018-12-31}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Govt announces public holiday on Chhath|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=64183|website=My Republica|accessdate=7 October 2014}} 26. ^{{Cite web |url=http://newstoday.com.np/2018/11/22/21450 |title=चौतर्फी व्यापकता पाउँदै लोक पर्व सामाचकेवा |last=Today |first=News |date=2018-11-22 |website=News Today |language=ne |access-date=2018-12-31}} 27. ^{{cite web|title=FM details list|url=https://www.moic.gov.np/pdf/fm-list-2070-05-03.pdf|publisher=MOIC, Government of Nepal|date=November 2014}} 28. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.republicadainik.com/2017/12/2853/ |title=हार्ने भएपछि रिसाउन थाले ठाकुर, आफ्नैबाट लखेटिए |last=Says |first=वसन्त यादव |date=2017-12-04 |website=REPUBLICADAINIK |language=en-US |access-date=2018-12-31}} 29. ^{{cite url=http://www.srijanafinance.com/contact-us}} 30. ^{{cite web|title=Alam stars in Rajdevi triumph|url=http://cricketingnepal.com/articles/201207/alam-stars-in-rajdevi-triumph|website=Cricketing Nepal|accessdate=12 January 2015}} 31. ^{{cite web|title=Machhindra lift Saptari Gold Cup|url=http://trn.gorkhapatraonline.com/index.php/sports/711-machhindra-lift-saptari-gold-cup.html|website=The Rising Nepal|accessdate=24 February 2013}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Saptari Gold Cup|url=http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=12273|website=Goal Nepal|accessdate=19 February 2013}} 33. ^{{cite web|title=Saptari Premier League|url=https://m.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.1261168474019952.1073742067.736039686532836&type=3}} External links{{Commonscat|Rajbiraj}}{{Saptari District}} 5 : Populated places in Saptari District|Transit and customs posts along the India–Nepal border|Populated places in Mithila, Nepal|Nepal municipalities established in 1959|Nepal municipalities established in 2016 |
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