| 词条 | Rakaia River |
| 释义 |
The Rakaia River is in the Canterbury Plains in New Zealand's South Island.[1] The Rakaia River is one of the largest braided rivers in New Zealand.[2] The Rakaia River has a mean flow of {{convert|203|m3/s|cuft/s}} and a mean annual seven-day low flow of {{convert|87|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}.[3] In the 1850s, European settlers named it the Cholmondeley River, but this name lapsed into disuse.[4] DescriptionIt rises in the Southern Alps, travelling {{convert|150|km|mi}} in a generally easterly or southeasterly direction before entering the Pacific Ocean {{convert|50|km|mi}} south of Christchurch. It forms a hapua as it reaches the ocean. For much of its journey, the river is braided, running through a wide shingle bed. Close to Mount Hutt, however, it is briefly confined to a narrow canyon known as the Rakaia Gorge. The Rakaia River is bridged in two places. The busiest crossing is at the small town of Rakaia, {{convert|20|km|mi}} from the river mouth, where State Highway 1 and the South Island Main Trunk Railway cross the river using separate bridges. These two bridges are New Zealand's longest road and rail bridges respectively, approximately {{convert|1.75|km|mi}} long.[5] A second bridge, much shorter and less used, spans the Rakaia Gorge. The Central Plains Water Trust is proposing to take up to {{convert|40|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} of water from the Rakaia River as part of the Central Plains Water enhancement scheme.[6] The Rakaia River is a celebrated Chinook salmon fishery.[7] It has been identified as an Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it supports breeding colonies of the endangered black-billed gull.[8] The river is also known for its large wrybill population which represents 73 percent of the total population. Other important bird species using the riverbed are black-fronted tern and banded dotterel.[9] References1. ^{{LINZ|20604 ||2 April 2008}} 2. ^Morland, K. 1994: Water Resources of the Canterbury Region. Canterbury Regional Council Unpublished Technical Report U94/59. 3. ^Morgan, M., Bidwell, V., Bright, J., McIndoe, I, and Robb, C. (2002): Canterbury Strategic Water Study {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070520175231/http://www.ecan.govt.nz/Our+Environment/Water/PlansandReports/StrategicWaterStudy.htm |date=20 May 2007 }}, Lincoln Environmental Report No 4557/1, Lincoln University, New Zealand. Table 6.1. 4. ^'Rivers Revert', John Wilson. 'Canterbury', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 19-Sep-2007 URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/Places/Canterbury/Canterbury/en, retrieved 30 June 2008. 5. ^"The Rakaia River", Selwyn District Council, {{cite web |url=http://www.selwyn.govt.nz/background/rakaia.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-09-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928021831/http://www.selwyn.govt.nz/background/rakaia.htm |archivedate=28 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }}, retrieved 31 August 2007 6. ^Central Plains Water Trust applications for resource consent {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315071824/http://www.ecan.govt.nz/Resource+Consents/Central+Plains+Water+Trust.htm |date=15 March 2007 }} Environment Canterbury Resource Consents webpage, retrieved 6 October 2007. 7. ^West I. F. and Goode,R. H. (1987) "Aerial counts of spawning chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) on the Rakaia River system, Canterbury, New Zealand, 1973-76." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 1987, Vol. 21: 563-572. 8. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.birdlife.org |title= Rakaia River |accessdate=2012-11-15 |work= BirdLife data zone: Important Bird Areas |first= |last= |publisher= BirdLife International |date= 2012}} 9. ^O’Donnell, C.F.J. (2000). The significance of river and open water habitats for indigenous birds in Canterbury, New Zealand, Environment Canterbury Unpublished Report U00/37. External links{{Commons category|Rakaia River}}
3 : Rivers of Canterbury, New Zealand|Braided rivers|Important Bird Areas of New Zealand |
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