| 词条 | Exnovation |
| 释义 |
In commerce and management, exnovation, an opposite of innovation, can occur when products and processes that have been tested and confirmed to be best-in-class are standardized to ensure that they are not innovated further.[1][2][3][4] Companies that have followed exnovation as a strategy to improve organizational performance include General Electric, Ford Motor Company and American Airlines.[5] One of the earliest usages of the term came in 1981, when John Kimberly referred to "removal of innovation from an organisation".[6] In 1996 A. Sandeep provided the modern definition of exnovation as the philosophy of not innovating – in other words, ensuring that best-in-class entities are not innovated further. Since then "exnovation" has become a notable parlance in various practices, from management to medicine.[7][8][9][10][11][12] References1. ^Exnovation! {{business-term-stub}}2. ^{{Cite news|url= http://tech-clarity.com/exnovate-product-portfolio/1350|title= Should You "Exnovate" your Product Portfolio? - Tech-Clarity|date= 2009-08-11|newspaper= Tech-Clarity|access-date= 2017-02-08|language= en-US}} 3. ^{{Cite news|url= http://ldi.upenn.edu/voices/2014/04/29/the-exnovation-conundrum|title= The Exnovation Conundrum|date= 2015-02-11|newspaper= LDI|access-date= 2017-02-08|language= en}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.4psbusinessandmarketing.com/17112011/editorsdesk.asp?sid=4993&pageno=2|title= The Mother of all Innovations Exnovation|website= www.4psbusinessandmarketing.com|access-date= 2017-02-08}} 5. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.businessandeconomy.org/30102012/storyd.asp?sid=7052&pageno=5|title= Exnovation! -|last= |first= |website= www.businessandeconomy.org|access-date= 2017-02-08}} 6. ^Kimberly, J.R. (1981) 'Managerial Innovation'. In Nystorm, P.C. and Starbuck, W.H. (eds) Handbook of Organizational Design. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 84–104. 7. ^{{cite journal |pmid= 27620686 | doi= 10.1111/1468-0009.12213 | volume= 94 | title= The exnovation of chronic care management processes by physician organizations | year= 2016 | journal= Milbank Quarterly | last1= Rodriguez | first1= H | pmc=5020147 | pages=626–53}} 8. ^{{cite journal |pmid= 22040949 | doi= 10.1258/hsmr.2011.011014 | volume= 24 | title= Organizational readiness for innovation in health care: some lessons from the recent literature | year= 2011 | journal= Health Serv Manage Res | pages= 213–8 | last1 = Williams | first1 = I}} 9. ^http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Exnovation.pdf 10. ^{{Cite book|url= https://books.google.co.in/books?id=n4aQ00e6GtYC&pg=PT50&lpg=PT50&dq=%22Exnovation%22+-wikipedia&source=bl&ots=ldMf3NNcvI&sig=jrUc5y54QplbfawbqIr8nK0_8W0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBjgyahUKEwj-r_uOiYjGAhXjF6YKHTRkAHE#v=onepage&q=%22Exnovation%22%20-wikipedia&f=false|title= Better But Not Well: Mental Health Policy in the United States since 1950|last= Frank|first= Richard G.|last2= Glied|first2= Sherry A.|authorlink2=Sherry Glied|date= 2008-04-01|publisher= JHU Press|isbn= 9780801889103|language= en}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url= http://a--sandeep.blogspot.in/2011/11/exnovation-real-innovation.html|title= The mother of all innovations - Exnovation|website= a--sandeep.blogspot.in |access-date= 2017-02-08}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.innovationmanagement.se/imtool-articles/what-is-exnovation-and-where-does-it-fit-in-the-innovation-life-cycle/|title= What is 'Exnovation' and Where Does it Fit in the Innovation Life Cycle? {{!}} Innovation Management|website= www.innovationmanagement.se|language= en-US|access-date= 2017-02-08}} 2 : Business terms|Innovation |
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