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词条 Ralph Camroux Morris
释义

  1. Writings

  2. References

Colonel Randolph "Ralph" Camroux Morris (1895-19 December 1977, London) was a coffee planter, British Army officer, and hunter-naturalist who was born in India. A pioneer of wildlife conservation in India, a member of the Bombay Natural History Society, he also represented South Indian Europeans in the Indian parliament after 1947. Along with Jim Corbett and Hasan Abid Jafry, he organized an all-India conference for the preservation of wildlife in 1936. Morris was among the first to make use of electric fences to protect crops from elephants and other wildlife in India. He was a member of the first Indian Wildlife Board which made efforts to establish laws to conserve wildlife in post-Independence India.

Ralph's father Randolph Hayton Morris[1] was the son of an Oxford parson. Morris Sr. left home at the age of 18 to work on a ship. He landed in India in 1877 at a time of famine and worked at various estates before starting the first coffee plantation in the Biligirirangans, an area he identified while out hunting.[2] His mother was Mabel Camroux Morris.[3] Ralph was born at Attikan estate and was sent to study in England at Blue Coat School and at Blundell's in Devon before joining his father back at the estate. In 1895, his father was gored by a wounded gaur while out hunting. He was taken to Mysore and survived but died in 1918 from pneumonia in the one lung that remained. Ralph became a member of the Bombay Natural History Society in 1919, the same year in which he married Heather, daughter of another BNHS member Angus M. Kinloch, who lived in Kotagiri in the Nilgiris. In 1935, Ralph joined the Vernay-Hopwood expedition, sponsored by Arthur S. Vernay, to the Upper Chindwin of Burma. Another expedition was made into the Malay jungles in the same year in search of the Javan Rhinoceros. He was a President of the United Planters' Association of South India (UPASI) for one and half years in 1937-38 before joining as a volunteer officer in the war. He served in the Middle East and North Africa, seeing action at the Siege of Tobruk. He returned after the war to work at his estate and extended it to Honnametti. After Independence, he represented the South Indian Europeans in the Legislative Assembly. In 1955 he sold off his estate to the Birlas and settled in the UK.[4][5]

He documented the wildlife of the region in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. His estate was visited by numerous people including the ornithologist Salim Ali as well as the Maharaja of Mysore.

In 1933, a fellow sportsman and friend Major Leonard Mourant Handley wrote a book called "Hunter's Moon" with a chapter on "The Great Blue Hills of Ranga"[6] which was reviewed by Morris (under his initials "R.C.M.") in the Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society who stated that "there should surely be some limit to the inaccuracies which find their way into modern books, which purport to set forth observations of interest to natural scientists and Shikaris."[7] Morris found 38 inaccuracies and Handley filed a case of libel in Middlesex and was awarded a damage of 3000 pounds in 1937. Morris never attended the trial and it was suggested the friction between the two former friends arose from differences between Mrs Morris and Mrs Handley.[8]

The secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society noted in volume 51 of the journal:

{{quote|At the request of the Kashmir Government, who desired expert advice for rehabilitation of their badly depleted wild life Messrs. Salim Ali and R. C. Morris visited Kashmir as the Society's representative in October 1952. They surveyed the various game sanctuaries and submitted a report recommending suitable measures which it is hoped are being duly implemented by the authorities. He was a member of the first sittings of the Indian Board of Wildlife. }}

In 1994, one of Ralph's three daughters Monica Jackson, a mountaineer and anthropologist, reflected on her roots in a book called Going Back.

Writings

  • 1922: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30347824 Panthers and artificial light]. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 28(3):789.
  • 1924: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47561585 Indian wild dogs attacking a bear.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 30(1):218-219.
  • 1925: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47861200 Wild dogs and jungle tragedies.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 30(3):691-693.
  • 1925: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47861203 "Wild animals of Central India".] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 30(3):694-696.
  • 1926: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47946859 Record of a death from the bite of a hamadryad or king cobra (Naia hanna).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 31(1):226.
  • 1926: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47947200 A wonderful sight.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 31(2):513-514.
  • 1926: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47860581 An elephant shoot on the Baragur Hills (Coimbatore District).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 31(3):720-725.
  • 1927: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47489867 The sense of smell in Indian Felidae.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 33(3):695.
  • 1929: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47489869 Are there more than one species of panther in India?] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 33(3):697-698.
  • 1929: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47490234 Proportion of the sexes in tigers.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 33(4):972.
  • 1929: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47490239 Wounded panther returning to "kill".] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 33(4):977-978.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48295672 Encounters with elephants on the Biligirirangana Hills.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(1):237-242.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48295677 Elephant tusk wedged in a tree.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(1):242.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48295682 Partial disappearance of the wild pig (Sus cristatus).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(1):245-246.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48296065 An experience with a tigress.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(2):556-557.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48296066 Tigers eating their young.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(2):557.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48296070 Hyaenas killing cattle tied up as bait.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(2):561.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48294120 Panther climbing up to a machan.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(3):797.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48294123 Sounds made by porcupines.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(3):799-800.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48294123 Observations on the Indian Elephant.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(3):800-801.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48294124 On distinguishing between males and females and other controversial matters pertaining to the gaur (Bibos gaurus).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(3):801-802.
  • 1930: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48294127 Heart shot in game.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(3):804-805.
  • 1931: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48294431 The Indian wild dog (Cuon dukhunensis).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 34(4):1054-1055.
  • 1932: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47859110 Use of artificial light in panther shooting.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35(4):887-888.
  • 1932: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47859111 Vitality of bison mauled by a tiger.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35(4):888-889.
  • 1932: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47859112 Unerupted tusks of elephants.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35(4):889-891.
  • 1932: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47859114 Game preserves and flashlight photography.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 35(4):891.
  • 1932: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48291607 Panther feeding on tiger `kills’.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36(3):742.
  • 1933: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48291609 Wild dogs killing a panther.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36(3):744.
  • 1933: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48291609 Wild dogs driving a panther from its `kill’.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36(3):744-745.
  • 1933: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48291611 A newly born bison calf.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36(3):746.
  • 1933: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48291611 Game preserves and flashlight.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36(3):746-748.
  • 1933: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48291900 Spirited old bull bison (Bibos gaurus).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36(4):984-985.
  • 1933: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48291901 The colour of `White Bison’ (Bibos gaurus): (Comment).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 36(4):985-986.
  • 1934: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48185893 Bison sanatorium.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 37(2):483.
  • 1934: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48185893 White bison.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 37(2):483-484.
  • 1934: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48185894 Growth and shedding of antlers in sambar (Rusa unicolor) and Cheetal (Axis axis) in South India.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 37: (2):484.
  • 1934: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48733215 A tailless tiger.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 37(3):721.
  • 1934: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48733216 Death of an elephant (Elephas maximus Linn.) while calfing.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 37(3):722.
  • 1934: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48733217 Death of 14 elephants (Elephas maximus Linn.) by food poisoning.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 37(3): 722-723.
  • 1935: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47560924 Tigers killing solitary bull bison (Bibos gaurus).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38(1):179.
  • 1935: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47560937 Vultures feeding at night.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38(1):190.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602979 Tigers versus bison.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38(3):609.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602980 Further records of the distribution of the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus Erxl.) in South India.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38(3):610.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602983 The birth of an elephant calf.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38:613-614.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602985 The formation and absence of tusks in elephants.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc .38(3):615-617.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602989 Early development of antlers by sambhur in the Biligirirangana Hills, South India.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38(3):619.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47603027 The Vernay-Hopwood Upper Chindwin Expedition.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38:647-671.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47603209 Melanism in wild dogs.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38(4):813.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47603214 Bison and panther.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 38(4):818.
  • 1936: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47603215 Season of horn development in sambhur.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.38(4):819-820.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47601876 Peculiar behaviour of an elephant.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(1):164-165.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47601877 White bison.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(1):165.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602130 Ravages by tiger and incidence of man-eaters in North Coimbatore between 1860-1880.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(2):382-385.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602136 The result of excess poison for wild dogs.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(2):388.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602138 A very large sambar stag.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(2):390.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602139 Gaur bulls attacking a wounded bull.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(2):391.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591093 Two wary tigers and two others.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(3):610-614.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591098 Mange on wild dogs.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(3):615-616.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591100 Solitary bull bison (Bibos gaurus H. Sm.).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(3):617.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591101 Colouration of the bison's snout and tongue.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(3):618.
  • 1937: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591104 Close seasons for big game-are they beneficial.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 39(4):621.
  • 1938: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602388 Measurements of tigers.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40:114-115.
  • 1938: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602391 Disappearance of jackals.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40:117.
  • 1938: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602391 On whistling of bison.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40:117.
  • 1938: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47602637 Behaviour of gaur or Indian bison.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40:325.
  • 1938: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591724 Measurements of tiger, panther, bison and sambhur.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40(3):555.
  • 1938: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591731 `Stamping grounds’ and `sore neck’ in sambhur.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40(3):560-561.
  • 1938: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591756 A natural history tale.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40(3):581.
  • 1939: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47591982 On the occurrence of the Banded Crake (Rallus eurizonoides amuroptera) and the Malabar Woodpecker (Macropicus javensis hodgsoni) in the Billigirirangan Hills, S. India.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 40(4):763.
  • 1941: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47858110 An appeal: Society for the preservation of the fauna of the empire.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 42(3):653.
  • 1941: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47858112 Unusual behaviour of panthers and tigers.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 42(3):655-656.
  • 1941: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47858115 Elephants lying down.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 42(3):658.
  • 1941: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/47858124 Bed bugs and swifts.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 42(3):664-665.
  • 1942: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48227732 Widespread rabies among wild dogs on the Biligirirangana Hills (S. India).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 43(1):100.
  • 1943: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48295256 Jackals attacking deer in Ceylon.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 44(3):585.
  • 1946: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48199676 Rarity of man-eating tigers in South India.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 46(1):177-178.
  • 1946: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48199678 Death of a panther on a tiger's kill.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 46(1):179-180.
  • 1947: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48200170 “Record elephant”.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 46(3):541.
  • 1947: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48200170 Death of six elephants.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 46(3):541-542
  • 1947: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48200367 Destruction of cattle by tiger en masse.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 46(4):714.
  • 1947: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48201167 Weight of bull bison.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47(1):153.
  • 1952: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48201873 Abnormal clavicle bones in Tigers.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 47(4):715.
  • 1950: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48732410 Tiger eating panther.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 48(4):802.
  • 1950: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48732411 Charge by unwounded bison.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 48(4):803-804.
  • 1951: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48182347 Protecting food crops from wild animals.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49(4):783.
  • 1951: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48182347 Jeep versus elephant.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49(4):783-784.
  • 1952: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48202321 Riotous behaviour of mating bears (Melursus ursinus).] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51(1):265-266.
  • 1952: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48202322 Case of unwounded gaur or Indian bison (Bibos gaurus) charging.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51(1):266.
  • 1952: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48202324 Our vanishing wildlife.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51(1):268-269.
  • 1953: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48202907 Domestic poultry diseases now endemic in jungle.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 51(3):747-748.
  • with Salim Ali (1956): [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48180645 Game preservation in Kashmir: Report and recommendation of the Bombay Natural History Society, s delegation October 1952.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 53(2):229-233.
  • 1954: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48057620 An elephant's stride.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 50(3&4):933.
  • 1956: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48183144 Tusks of Indian Elephants.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 54(2):460.
  • 1958: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48068628 Porcupines and trees of Vernonia sp.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55(1):155-156.
  • 1958: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48068629 Rabbits and Myxomatosis in the UK.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55(1):156.
  • 1958: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48068662 Flowering of Strobilanthes.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55(1):185.
  • 1958: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48068851 Note on the use of bamboo gun rocket for scaring wild animals out of cultivation.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55(2):344-345.
  • 1958: [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48068875 Rat snake `mating’.] J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 55(2):366.

References

1. ^Sukumar, R. 1994 Elephant Days and Nights: Ten Years with the Indian Elephant. Oxford India.
2. ^{{cite book| title=Where the lion trod |author=Shepherd, Gordon| year=1960| publisher=John Verney|place=London|page=15 |url=https://archive.org/stream/wheretheliontrod010379mbp#page/n27/mode/2up/}}
3. ^Private papers in the India Office of the British Library
4. ^{{cite journal|title=Obituary: Ralph Camroux Morris (1894-1977) |pages=192–196|author=Ali, S| year=1978| journal=J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.|volume=75|url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48239717}}
5. ^{{cite book|title=Big game encounters|editor=Jepson, Stanley|year=1936| publisher=H.F. & G. Witherby|place=London|chapter=When elephants attacked my camp at night|author=Morris, Randolph C.| pages=22–26|url=https://archive.org/stream/biggameencounter029868mbp#page/n41/mode/1up/}}
6. ^{{cite book|year=1933| publisher=Macmillan and Co|place=London| author=Handley, Leonard M.| title=Hunter's Moon |url=https://archive.org/stream/huntersmoon029887mbp#page/n255/mode/2up|pages=240–264}}
7. ^{{cite journal|title=Reviews. Hunters' Moon|pages=716–718|journal=Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society|volume=37|issue=3|year=1934|url=https://archive.org/stream/journalof373419341935bomb#page/716/mode/2up}}
8. ^{{cite news|url= http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19370427-1.2.31|title=Libelled hunter gets £3,000 damages|newspaper=The Strait Times|date=27 April 1937| page=8}}
{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Morris, Ralph Camroux}}

4 : 1894 births|1977 deaths|Scottish soldiers|Indian naturalists
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