| 词条 | Exploration Flight Test-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Exploration Flight Test-1 | image = EFT-1 launch - view from pad.jpg | image_caption = Launch of EFT-1 on December 5, 2014 | insignia = Exploration Flight Test-1 insignia.png | programme = Orion Program | previous_mission =Pad Abort 1 | next_mission = EM-1 | mission_type = Uncrewed test flight | operator = NASA | COSPAR_ID = 2014-077A | SATCAT = 40329 | mission_duration = 4 hours, 24 minutes | orbits_completed = 2 | distance_travelled = | spacecraft_type = Orion MPCV | manufacturer = Lockheed Martin | launch_mass = | landing_mass = | launch_date = {{start-date|December 5, 2014, 12:05|timezone=yes}} UTC (07:05 EST)[1][2] | launch_rocket = Delta IV Heavy | launch_site = Cape Canaveral SLC-37B | launch_contractor = United Launch Alliance | landing_date = {{end-date|December 5, 2014, 16:29|timezone=yes}} UTC | landing_site = Pacific Ocean, {{convert|640|mi|km}} SSE of San Diego {{Coord|23.61|N|114.46|W|type:event|name=EFT-1 splashdown}} | recovery_by = {{USS|Anchorage|LPD-23|6}} | orbit_epoch = | orbit_reference = Geocentric | orbit_regime = | orbit_periapsis = | orbit_apoapsis = {{convert|3604|mi|km|disp=flip}} | orbit_inclination = | orbit_period = | apsis = gee }} Exploration Flight Test-1 or EFT-1 (previously known as Orion Flight Test 1 or OFT-1) was the first test flight of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle. Without a crew, it was launched on December 5, 2014, at 12:05 UTC (7:05 am EST), by a Delta IV Heavy rocket from Space Launch Complex 37B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station. The mission was a four-hour, two-orbit test of the Orion crew module featuring a high apogee on the second orbit and concluding with a high-energy reentry at around {{convert|20000|mph|km/h m/s}}.[3] This mission design corresponds to the Apollo 4 mission of 1967, which validated the Apollo flight control system and heat shield at re-entry conditions planned for the return from lunar missions. NASA heavily promoted the mission, collaborating with Sesame Street and its characters to educate children about the flight test and the Orion spacecraft.[4]ObjectivesThe flight was intended to test various Orion systems, including separation events, avionics, heat shielding, parachutes, and recovery operations prior to its debut launch aboard the Space Launch System, currently scheduled for some time in June 2020.[5] Vehicle assemblyEFT-1 Orion was built by Lockheed Martin.[6] On June 22, 2012, the final welds of the EFT-1 Orion were completed at the Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans, Louisiana.[6] It was then transported to Kennedy Space Center's Operations and Checkout Building, where the remainder of the spacecraft was completed.[7] The Delta IV rocket was put in a vertical position on October 1, 2014, and Orion was mated with the vehicle on November 11.[8][9][10] FlightThe four-and-a-half-hour flight took the Orion spacecraft on two orbits of Earth. Peak altitude was approximately {{convert|3600|mi|km|disp=flip}}. The high altitude allowed the spacecraft to reach reentry speeds of up to {{Convert|20000|mph|km/h m/s|abbr = on}}, which exposed the heat shield to temperatures up to around {{Convert|4000|F|C|abbr = on}}.[3][11] During the flight, the crew module, a structural representation of the service module, a partial launch abort system containing only the jettison motor, and Orion-to-stage adapter were evaluated.[11] The spacecraft remained attached to the Delta IV's upper stage until re-entry began and relied on internal batteries for power rather than photovoltaic arrays, which were not contained in the structural representation.[12] Data gathered from the test flight were analyzed by the critical design review (CDR) in April 2015.[13]
After splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, crews recovered the EFT-1 Orion crew vehicle and will outfit the capsule for an ascent abort test in 2017.[15] Launch attempts{{LaunchAttempt| date1 = 2014-12-4 7:05 | result1 = {{partial|Hold}} | reason1 = Fouled Range | decision_date1 = | decision_clock1= | weathergo1 = | notes1 = A boat entered the launch range. | date2 = 2014-12-4 7:17 | result2 = {{partial|Hold}} | reason2 = Weather | decision_date2 = | decision_clock2= | weathergo2 = | notes2 = Gust wind excess speed limit. (21 knots) | date3 = 2014-12-4 7:55 | result3 = {{partial|Hold}} | reason3 = Weather | decision_date3 = | decision_clock3= | weathergo3 = | notes3 = Gust wind excess speed limit. (21 knots) | date4 = 2014-12-4 8:26 | result4 = {{partial|Hold}} | reason4 = Technical | decision_date4 = | decision_clock4= -00:03:09 | weathergo4 = | notes4 = A fuel fill and drain valve did not close. | date5 = 2014-12-4 9:44 | result5 = {{Included|Scrubbed}} | reason5 = Technical | decision_date5 = | decision_clock5= | weathergo5 = | notes5 = 24-hour recycle. |df=yes| date6 = 2014-12-5 7:05 | result6 = {{yes|Success}} | reason6 = | decision_date6 = | decision_clock6= | weathergo6 = | notes6 = }} GalleryReferences{{Portal bar|Spaceflight}}1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightinsider.com/missions/nasas-eft-1-mission-slips-december/|title=NASA's EFT-1 Mission Slips to December|work=SpaceFlight Insider|date=14 March 2014 |accessdate=7 December 2014|first=Jason |last=Rhian}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/orion/2014/12/05/liftoff-orion-begins-new-era-in-space-exploration/|title=LIFTOFF! Orion Begins New Era in Space Exploration!|date=5 December 2014 |accessdate=7 December 2014|first=Steven |last=Siceloff|work=Orion |publisher=NASA}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/11/eft-1-orion-hatch-door-orion-modal-testing|work=NASASpaceflight.com|accessdate=16 November 2011|first=Chris |last=Bergin|title=EFT-1 Orion Receives Hatch Door—Denver Orion Ready for Modal Testing|date=14 November 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Sesame Street Characters 'On Board' as NASA Counts Down to Orion's Test Flight|url=http://www.nasa.gov/content/sesame-street-characters-on-board-with-orion/#.VIN40THF-4k|website=NASA.gov |author=NASA|date=24 November 2014|accessdate=6 December 2014}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2017/04/28/nasa-confirms-first-flight-of-space-launch-system-will-slip-to-2019/ |title=NASA confirms first flight of Space Launch System will slip to 2019 |work=Spaceflight Now |first=Stephen |last=Clark |date=28 April 2017 |access-date=29 April 2017}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1206/26orion/|title=Space-bound Orion capsule to arrive in Florida next week |last=Clark|first=Stephen |date=26 June 2012 |publisher=SpaceFlightNow|accessdate=28 June 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/systems/mpcv/orion_arrival.html|title=NASA Unveils Orion During Ceremony|date=2 July 2012|publisher=NASA|accessdate=3 July 2012}} 8. ^"NASA’s Orion Spacecraft, Rocket Move Closer to First Flight" NASA. Retrieved: 5 October 2014. 9. ^"Orion Spacecraft Complete" NASA. Retrieved: 30 October 2014. 10. ^"Orion Arrives at Launch Pad" NASA. Retrieved: 12 November 2014. 11. ^1 {{cite web|url = http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/fs-2014-08-005-jsc-orion-eft-final.pdf|title = Orion First Flight Test – NASA Facts|date = |accessdate = October 10, 2014|website = |publisher = NASA|last = |first = |format = PDF}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/08/oft-1-nasa-orions-2013-debut-via-delta-iv-heavy/ |title=OFT-1: NASA gearing up for Orion's 2013 debut via Delta IV Heavy |date=8 August 2011 |format= |accessdate=16 November 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6F3gd5tbl?url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2011/08/oft-1-nasa-orions-2013-debut-via-delta-iv-heavy/ |archivedate=March 12, 2013 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/11/eft-1-september-2014-launch-paced-delta-ivh|title=EFT-1 September, 2014 launch date "paced" by the Delta IV-H|work=nasaspaceflight.com}} 14. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/663703main_flighttest1_fs_051812.pdf | title=Orion Exploration Flight Test-1 | author= NASA| date= | accessdate=15 December 2014 }} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spaceflightnow.com/news/n1211/23eft1cracks/|publisher=Spaceflightnow.com|accessdate=23 November 2011|author=Stephen Clark|title=Cracks discovered in Orion capsule's pressure shell|date=23 November 2011}} External links{{Portal|Spaceflight}}{{Commons category|Orion Exploration Flight Test-1|Exploration Flight Test-1}}
7 : 2014 in the United States|Orion program|Spacecraft launched in 2014|Spacecraft which reentered in 2014|Articles containing video clips|Test spaceflights|Spacecraft launched by Delta IV rockets |
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