| 词条 | Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford |
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|name = Ralph de Stafford(Dokeseye) |image = Stafford 1430.jpg |caption = Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, KG, illustration from the Bruges Garter Book, c. 1430 |title = Earl of Stafford Baron Stafford |birth_date =24 September 1301 |death_date =31 August 1372 (aged 70-71) |place of burial =Tonbridge Priory, Kent |noble family =Stafford |spouse =Katherine de Hastang Margaret de Audley (1336–1347) |issue =Margaret Stafford Joan Stafford Ralph de Stafford Hugh de Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford Katherine Stafford Elizabeth Stafford Beatrice Stafford Joan Stafford |father =Edmund de Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford |mother =Margaret Bassett |}} Ralph de Stafford, 2nd Baron Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford, KG (24 September 1301 – 31 August 1372) was an English nobleman and notable soldier during the Hundred Years War against France. Early life and familyRalph was born on 24 September 1301, the son of Edmund de Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford and Margaret Basset.[1] Having lost his father at the age of seven, Ralph grew up in the midlands with his mother's relatives, including her second husband Thomas Pipe. He had his first experience of royal service, along with his brothers and stepfather, when he joined the retinue of Ralph, 2nd Lord Basset.[1] CareerStafford was made a Knight banneret in 1327 and was fighting the Scots shortly afterwards. He supported the plot to free Edward III of England from the control of Roger Mortimer, which earned the king's gratitude. By the summer of 1332, he was a commissioner of the peace in Staffordshire and had served abroad on royal business, accompanying Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester. He was also still fighting the Scots, commanding archers at the Battle of Dupplin Moor on 11 Aug 1332 and on three further Scottish campaigns.[1] He was first summoned to Parliament by writ as Lord Stafford on 29 November 1336 and continued to attend until 1350. His military career continued, accompanying King Edward to France in 1338 as an advisor and being present at the naval battle of Sluys on 24 June 1340. He also fought at the relief of Brest and the siege of Morlaix. He was captured at Vannes but was exchanged in time to negotiate a truce at Malestroit. On 6 January 1341, he was made Steward of the Royal Household but resigned that post on 29 March 1345 having assumed the office of Seneschal of Aquitaine, an English possession in France, where he stayed for about a year. He took part in the Gascon campaign of 1345 including the battles of Bergerac and Auberoche, the siege of Aiguillon, from where he escaped prior to its lifting, a raid on Barfleur and the English victory at the Battle of Crecy, on 26 August 1346. He became one of the twenty-six founding members and the fifth knight of the Order of the Garter in 1348.[1] In November 1347, his wife's father died; they were able to take possession of his estates without paying the king's homage, an indication of the relationship between them. Ralph was now a very wealthy man, from his estates and from the many prizes from the French war.[1] Edward III created a number of new peerage titles to honour his war captains and to mark his jubilee year. Ralph was created the 1st Earl of Stafford on 5 March 1350, with an annuity of 1000 marks. He now replaced Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster as the king's lieutenant in Gascony. He committed to serve with 200 men at his own expense with the expectation of this being doubled in March 1353 at the king's expense. The campaigns provided several captives that were ransomed, but were ultimately unsuccessful, leading to the appointment of Edward, Prince of Wales to command.[1] Even at the age of sixty, Stafford continued to command troops and act as a royal envoy, both in France and in Ireland in 1361, accompanying Lionel of Antwerp to try and restore English control. Marriages and childrenAround 1326, Stafford married his first wife, Katherine de Hastang.[2][3] Katherine was the daughter of Sir John de Hastang, Knight, of Chebsey, Staffordshire.[4] Ralph and Katherine had two daughters:
He later sensationally abducted Margaret de Audley, 2nd Baroness Audley, daughter of Hugh de Audley, 1st Earl of Gloucester and Margaret de Clare, who was worth at least £2,314 a year, more than ten times his own estates. Her parents filed a complaint with King Edward III of England, but the King supported Stafford's actions. In compensation, the King appeased Hugh and Margaret by creating Hugh the 1st Earl of Gloucester. Margaret de Audley and Stafford married before 6 July 1336 and they subsequently had two sons and four daughters:
DeathHe died on 31 August 1372 at Tonbridge Castle, Kent, England.[1] He was buried at Tonbridge Priory,[11] next to his second wife and her parents.[1] References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ralph Stafford, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. {{DNBfirst|wstitle=Stafford, Ralph de}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|last=Lundy|first=Darryl|title=Ralph de Stafford, 1st Earl of Stafford |url=http://thepeerage.com/p812.htm#i8120 |work=The Peerage |accessdate=21 November 2011 |date=4 February 2013 }} 3. ^{{MLCC|warning=1|title-date= |title=Earls of Stafford 1351-1562 (Stafford)|url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ENGLISH%20NOBILITY%20MEDIEVAL2.htm#RalphStafforddied1372A |date=November 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Katherine Hastang|url=http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I54855&tree=EuropeRoyalNobleHous|work=family search Coummunity Trees|publisher=familysearch.org|accessdate=21 November 2011}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 [https://books.google.com/books?id=aB0IAAAAQAAJ A general and heraldic dictionary of the peerages of England, Ireland and Scotland, extinct, dormant and in abeyance] by John Burke. Publisher Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, 1831. pg 488. From Google books, checked 30 March 2011 6. ^G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume III, page 353. 7. ^G.E. Cokayne; with Vicary Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White, Duncan Warrand and Lord Howard de Walden, editors, The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct or Dormant, new ed., 13 volumes in 14 (1910-1959; reprint in 6 volumes, Gloucester, U.K.: Alan Sutton Publishing, 2000), volume III, page 161. 8. ^{{cite web|title=Katherine Stafford|url=http://histfam.familysearch.org/getperson.php?personID=I36185&tree=EuropeRoyalNobleHous|work=family search Community Trees|publisher=familysearch.org|accessdate=23 November 2011}} 9. ^Charles Mosley, editor, Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knightage, 107th edition, 3 volumes (Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.: Burke's Peerage (Genealogical Books) Ltd, 2003), volume 1, page 1191. 10. ^Plantagenet Ancestry of Seventeenth Century Colonist by David Faris, 1st Edition, 1996, Genealogical Publishing Company, Baltimore, pg 90 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=38209 |title=Houses of Austin canons, The priory of Tonbridge |publisher=British History Online |accessdate=16 October 2010}} Bibliography
| years = 1350–1372 }}{{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = Hugh Stafford }}{{s-bef| before = Edmund de Stafford }}{{s-ttl| title = Baron Stafford | years = 1308–1372 }}{{s-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Stafford, Ralph Stafford, 1st Earl Of}} 5 : Earls of Stafford|Knights of the Garter|1301 births|1372 deaths|Knights banneret of England |
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