| 词条 | Ralph Willis |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Honourable | name = Ralph Willis | honorific-suffix = AO | image = | office = Treasurer of Australia | primeminister = Paul Keating | term_start = 23 December 1993 | term_end = 11 March 1996 | predecessor= John Dawkins | successor= Peter Costello | primeminister1 = Bob Hawke Paul Keating | term_start1 = 9 December 1991 | term_end1 = 26 December 1991 | predecessor1 =John Kerin | successor1 = John Dawkins | constituency_MP3 = Gellibrand | parliament3 = Australian | predecessor3 = Hector McIvor | successor3 = Nicola Roxon | term_start3 = 2 December 1972 | term_end3 = 31 August 1998 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1938|4|14}} | birth_place = Melbourne | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Australian | spouse = Carol Dawson | party = Australian Labor Party | relations = | children = | residence = | alma_mater = University of Melbourne | occupation = Unionist | profession = | religion = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }} Ralph Willis AO (born 14 April 1938), Australian politician, was Treasurer for the final years of the Keating Labor Government. CareerWillis was born in Melbourne to Stan and Doris Willis and educated at Footscray Central School, University High School and Melbourne University, gaining a Bachelor of Commerce degree. He subsequently worked as a research officer and industrial advocate for the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU). He and his wife Carol Willis (née Dawson) have three children, Sandra, Fiona and Evan. In 1972, the year that the Whitlam Labor government was elected, Willis was elected as a Labor member of the House of Representatives for the extremely safe Labor seat of Gellibrand in Melbourne's western suburbs. The ALP was crushingly defeated in 1975. Willis served as Shadow Minister for Industrial Relations, Economic Affairs and Treasury from 1976 to 1983. In January 1983, however, he was dropped from the position as shadow Treasurer by Labor leader Bill Hayden, who decided that Paul Keating would be likely to put increased pressure on the government in the area of economic policy.[1] As a former ACTU official, Willis was regarded as a protégé of the new Labor leader, Bob Hawke (a former ACTU President), who became Prime Minister in March 1983. Hawke, nevertheless, kept Keating in the Treasury portfolio and Willis became Minister for Employment and Industrial Relations. In 1987, he lost part of his portfolio to John Dawkins, who was appointed Minister for Employment, Education and Training, but Willis retained Industrial Relations. The following year, he was appointed Transport and Communications Minister, and in 1990 became Finance Minister. When Keating resigned as Treasurer in 1991, Willis was again passed over when Hawke gave the Treasury to John Kerin. But Kerin's period as Treasurer was troubled and in December 1991 Willis finally became Treasurer. Willis's first tenure in the Treasury was brief, however, because Hawke was deposed and succeeded as Prime Minister by Keating only three weeks later. Keating gave Treasury to his ally John Dawkins and Willis was again given Finance. Willis got a second chance when Dawkins, frustrated by Cabinet's rejection of his economic views, resigned suddenly and unexpectedly in December 1993. Keating was reluctant to give Willis Treasury again, considering him an unduly low-key parliamentary performer, but accepted party opinion that Willis deserved the job. Willis served the last term of the Keating government as Treasurer. One of Willis's final acts, a few days before the 1996 election, was to release (without consulting Keating) a letter purportedly written by the Premier of Victoria, Jeff Kennett, which suggested that a Liberal government led by John Howard would cut grants to the states. Unfortunately for Willis, the letter was a forgery, allegedly foisted on Willis by Melbourne University Liberal Club students.[2] This successful ruse had a markedly adverse impact upon the last week of Labor's campaign. After the election (which the ALP easily lost), Willis retired to the backbench and retired from Parliament prior to the 1998 election. He and Gareth Evans were the only two people to be a member of every Labor cabinet between 1983 and 1996. At the time of his retirement, Willis was the only Labor Member of Parliament from the period of the Whitlam government still serving. Had he not retired, he would have become Father of the House in the next parliament. Since retirement from parliament Willis has served on several boards of companies and charities. HonoursWillis was awarded the Centenary Medal in 2001 for long service to the Commonwealth Parliament, including as a minister and as Treasurer.[3] On 13 June 2011, he was named an Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished service to the Parliament of Australia, particularly in the areas of economic development and industrial relations, to the superannuation industry, and to the community.[4] On 2 June 2009, Willis was conferred with the degree of Doctor of the University Honoris Causa from Victoria University for services to Australia and in particular the Western Suburbs of Melbourne.[5] Post-parliamentary appointments{{BLP unsourced section|date=June 2007}}
Sources
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References1. ^Bill Hayden (1996), Hayden: An autobiography, Angus & Robertson, Sydney. {{S-start}}{{S-off}}{{S-bef| before=Ian Macphee }}{{S-ttl| title= Minister for Employment and Industrial Relations | years=1983–1987}}{{S-aft| after=John Dawkins }}{{S-new}}{{S-ttl| title= Minister for Industrial Relations | years=1987–1988}}{{S-aft| after=Peter Morris }}{{S-bef| before=Gareth Evans }}{{S-ttl| title=Minister for Transport and Communications | years=1988–1990}}{{S-aft| rows=2 | after=Kim Beazley }}{{S-bef| before=Peter Walsh }}{{S-ttl| title= Minister for Finance | years=1990–1991}}{{S-bef| before=John Kerin }}{{S-ttl| title=Treasurer | years=1991}}{{S-aft| after=John Dawkins }}{{S-bef| before=Kim Beazley }}{{S-ttl| title= Minister for Finance | years=1991–1993}}{{S-aft| after=Kim Beazley }}{{S-bef| before=Graham Richardson }}{{S-ttl| title=Vice-President of the Executive Council | years=1992–1993}}{{S-aft| after=Frank Walker }}{{S-bef| before=John Dawkins }}{{S-ttl| title=Treasurer | years=1993–1996}}{{S-aft| after=Peter Costello }}{{S-par|au}}{{S-bef| before=Hector McIvor }}{{S-ttl| title=Member for Gellibrand | years=1972–1998}}{{S-aft| after=Nicola Roxon }}{{S-end}}{{Treasurers of Australia}}{{First Keating Ministry}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Willis, Ralph}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.crikey.com.au/2002/11/13/early-election-coverage-comments/ |title=Crikey.com |publisher=Crikey.com |date=2002-11-13 |accessdate=2012-05-06}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Ralph Willis|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1115141&search_type=quick&showInd=true|publisher=Australian Honours Database|accessdate=13 June 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Ralph Willis AO|url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1144250&search_type=quick&showInd=true|publisher=Australian Honours Database|accessdate=13 June 2011}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vu.edu.au/media/media-releases/ralph-willis-awarded-honorary-degree-by-vu |title=Victoria University |publisher=Vu.edu.au |date=2009-06-02 |accessdate=2012-05-06}} 13 : 1938 births|Living people|Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Australia|Members of the Cabinet of Australia|Treasurers of Australia|Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Gellibrand|Members of the Australian House of Representatives|Officers of the Order of Australia|Recipients of the Centenary Medal|People educated at University High School, Melbourne|Keating Government|20th-century Australian politicians|Former government ministers of Australia |
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