| 词条 | Face Animation Parameter |
| 释义 |
A Face Animation Parameter (FAP) is a component of the MPEG-4 Face and Body Animation (FBA) International Standard (ISO/IEC 14496-1 & -2) developed by the Moving Pictures Experts Group.[1] It describes a standard for virtually representing humans and humanoids in a way that adequately achieves visual speech intelligibility as well as the mood and gesture of the speaker, and allows for very low bitrate compression and transmission of animation parameters.[2] FAPs control key feature points on a face model mesh that are used to produce animated visemes and facial expressions, as well as head and eye movement.[1] These feature points are part of the Face Definition Parameters (FDPs) also defined in the MPEG-4 standard. FAPs represent 66 displacements and rotations of the feature points from the neutral face position, which is defined as: mouth closed, eyelids tangent to the iris, gaze and head orientation straight ahead, teeth touching, and tongue touching teeth.[3] These FAPs were designed to be closely related to human facial muscle movements. In addition to animation, FAPs are used in automatic speech recognition[4] and biometrics.[5] References1. ^1 {{cite book |last=Ostermann|first=Jörn |editor1-first=Igor |editor1-last=Pandzic |editor2-first=Robert |editor2-last=Forchheimer |title=MPEG-4 Facial Animation: The Standard, Implementation and Applications |publisher=Wiley|date=August 2002 |pages=17–55 |chapter=Chapter 2: Face Animation in MPEG-4 |isbn=978-0-470-84465-6}} 2. ^{{cite journal |last=Tao |first=Hai |last2=Chen |first2=H.H. |last3=Wu |first3=Wei |last4=Huang |first4=T.S.|date= |title=Compression of MPEG-4 facial animation parameters for transmission of talking heads |url= |journal=Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Transactions on |publisher=IEEE Press |volume= 9|issue=3 |pages=264–276 |doi=10.1109/76.752094 }} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Petajan|first=Eric|editor1-first=B. |editor1-last=Kisačanin |editor2-first=V.|editor2-last=Pavlović |editor3-first=T.S.|editor3-last=Wang |title=Real-time vision for human-computer interaction |publisher=Springer|date=September 2005 |pages=249–268|chapter=MPEG-4 Face and Body Animation Coding Applied to HCI |isbn=0387276971 }} 4. ^{{cite book |last=Petajan|first=Eric|editor-first=Alan |editor-last=Wee-Chung Liew|title=Visual Speech Recognition: Lip Segmentation and Mapping |publisher=IGI Global |date=January 1, 2009 |pages=128–148 |chapter=Chapter 4: Visual Speech and Gesture Coding Using the MPEG-4 Face and Body Animation Standard |isbn=9781605661872}} 5. ^{{cite journal |last=Aleksic|first=P.S.|last2=Katsaggelos |first2=A.K. |date=November 2006 |title=Audio-Visual Biometrics |url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=4052464&tag=1 |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |publisher=IEEE Press |volume= 94|issue=11 |pages=2025–2044 |doi=10.1109/JPROC.2006.886017 |accessdate=24 November 2013}} External links
4 : MPEG-4|Biometrics|Computer animation|Anatomical simulation |
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