| 词条 | False pleasure |
| 释义 |
Classical philosophyPlato devoted much attention to the belief that "no pleasure save that of the wise is quite true and pure - all others are shadows only"[3] - both in The Republic and in his late dialogue Philebus.[4]Augustine saw false pleasure as focused on the body, as well as pervading the dramatic and rhetorical entertainments of his time.[5]AsceticismBuddhaghosa considered that "sense-pleasures are impermanent, deceptive, trivial...unstable, unreal, hollow, and uncertain"[6] - a view echoed in most of what Max Weber termed "world-rejecting asceticism".[7]Vain pleasureA specific false pleasure often denounced in Western thought is the pleasure of vanity - Voltaire for example pillorying the character "corrupted by vanity...He breathed in nothing but false glory and false pleasures".[8] Similarly John Ruskin contrasted the adult's pursuit of the false pleasure of vanity with the way the child does not seek false pleasures; its pleasures are true, simple, and instinctive".[9] SexSexual intercourse is sometimes seen as a true pleasure (or false one), contrasted with the less real pleasures of the past, as with Donne's "countrey pleasures, childishly".[10] In the wake of Reich, a distinction was sometimes made between reactive and genuine sexuality[11] - analysis supposedly allowing people to "realize the enormous difference between what they once believed sexual pleasure to be and what they now experience".[12] Mass mediaPopular culture has been a central arena for latter-day disputes over true and false pleasures. Modernism saw attacks on the false pleasures of consumerism from the right,[13] as well as from the left, with Herbert Marcuse denouncing the false pleasures of happy consciousness of "those whose life is the hell of the affluent society".[14]From another angle, Richard Hoggart contrasted the immediate, real pleasures of the working-class from the increasingly ersatz diet fed them by the media.[15] As the 20th Century wore on, however - while concern for the contrast of false and authentic pleasures, fragmented or integrated experiences, certainly remained[16] - the mass media increasingly became less of a scapegoat for the prevalence of false pleasure, figures like Frederic Jameson for example insisting instead on "the false problem of value" in a world where "reification or materialization is a key structural feature of both modernism and mass culture".[17] ŽižekSlavoj Žižek had added a further twist to the debate for the 21st century, arguing that in a postmodern age dominated by what he calls "the superego injunction to enjoy that permeates our discourse", the quest for pleasure has become more of a duty than a pleasure: for Žižek, "psychoanalysis is the only discipline in which you are allowed not to enjoy" ![18]See also
References1. ^Simon Blackburn, The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy (2005) p. 130 2. ^Quoted in Y. Stavrakakis, Lacan and the Political (1999) p. 128 3. ^Alain de Botton intro., The Essential Plato (1999) p. 364 4. ^Blackburn, p. 130 5. ^B. Krondorfer, Male Confessions (2009) p. 83 and p. 140 6. ^Quoted in E. Conze ed., Buddhist Scriptures (1975) p. 108-9 7. ^Max Weber, The Sociology of Religion (1971) p. 166 8. ^Voltaire, Candide, Zadig, and Selected Stories (1961) p. 121 9. ^John Ruskin, The Stones of Venice Vol 3 p. 189 10. ^John Hayward, The Penguin Book of English Verse (1978) p. 77 11. ^Otto Fenichel, The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis (1946) p. 515-6 12. ^La P. D. A., quoted in Jacques Lacan, Écrits: A Selection (1997) p. 244 13. ^D. Horowitz, Consuming Pleasures (2012) p. 30 14. ^Quoted in John O' Neill, Sociology as a Skin Trade (1972) p. 50 15. ^Richard Hoggart, The Uses of Literacy (1968) p. 132 and p. 233 16. ^Horowitz, p. 2-3 17. ^M. Hardt/K. Weeks, The Jameson Reader (2005) p. 130 18. ^Slavoj Žižek, The Parallax View (2006) p. 299 and 304 External links
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