| 词条 | Fedor Solntsev |
| 释义 |
| native_name = Фёдор Григорьевич Солнцев | image = Fedor Solntsev.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = Fedor Grigorevich Solntsev | birth_date = {{Birth date|1801|04|27}} | birth_place = Yaroslavl Governorate | death_date = {{Death date and age|1892|03|03|1801|04|27}} | death_place = Saint Petersburg | residence = Russian Empire Soviet Union | education = {{Imperial Academy of Arts|Member|1836}} | alma_mater = {{Imperial Academy of Arts|Alumni|}} | awards = {{Imperial Academy of Arts|Medal|1827}} | field = Painting }}Fedor Grigoryevich Solntsev ({{lang-ru|link=no|Фёдор Григорьевич Солнцев}}) (14 April 1801 – 3 March 1892)[1] was a Russian painter and historian of art. His artwork was a major contribution in recording and preserving medieval Russian culture, which was a common subject of his paintings.[1] He was the main author of the fundamental work {{Interlanguage link multi|Antiquities of the Russian State|ru|3=Древности Российского государства}},[2][3] the main decorator of interiors of the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow.[4]{{sfn|Blakesley|2006|p=160}} He discovered and restored mosaics and frescoes of Saint Sophia's Cathedral and Cathedral of the Dormition of Kiev Pechersk Lavra in Kiev, and of Cathedral of Saint Demetrius in Vladimir.[1] Fedor Solntsev, together with Metropolitan Philaret and Archimandrite {{Interlanguage link multi|Photius Spassky|ru|3=Фотий (Спасский)}} are considered the founders of modern Russian icon painting canon synthesizing ancient Russian traditions, post-Petrine efforts and modern art discoveries.[1] BiographyFedor Solntsev was born in {{Interlanguage link multi|Verkhne-Nikulskoye|ru|3=Верхне-Никульское}} a village near Rybinsk in the Yaroslavl Governorate. His parents were serfs of Count {{Interlanguage link multi|Ivan Alekseyevich Musin-Pushkin|ru|3=Мусин-Пушкин, Иван Алексеевич (1783)}}.{{sfn|Blakesley|2006|p=160}} His father, Grigory Konstantinovich Solntsev, worked as a box-office attendant for the Imperial theaters in Saint Petersburg and travelled to the village very infrequently while his mother, Elizaveta Frolovna Solntseva, was a peasant and lived all her life in the village. Fedor spent his early life with his mother and siblings.[1] After discovering his artistic ability, his master freed the Solntsev family, which allowed Fedor to enter the Imperial Academy of Arts in Saint Petersburg in 1815[5][6] and became a pupil of Alexei Yegorov and Stepan Shchukin.[6] Later, Fedor's younger brother, Yegor Solntsev also graduated from the Imperial Academy of Art and became a notable painter.[4] Fedor graduated from the Academy in 1824 receiving a "Lesser Gold Medal" for his painting A Peasant Family.[5][6] In 1827 he received the "Greater Gold Medal" from the Academy for his painting Render unto Caesar.[5][6] In 1836 he became a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts for his work Meeting of Grand Duke Sviatoslav with John of Tzimiskes.[5] In 1876 Solntsev was appointed Professor of the Academy.[7] Fedor Solntsev's work was supported by the President of Imperial Academy of Arts Alexey Olenin and Emperor Nicholas I.[5][6] The Emperor commissioned Solntsev to decorate dinner parties and embellish his private apartments in the Kremlin.[21] Through his life Solntsev worked on restoration of many Moscow Kremlin buildings including the Grand Kremlin Palace and Kremlin Armoury. He painted Cathedral of Christ the Saviour and other churches in Moscow.[4][23] Solntsev also worked in Kiev with restoration and describing artefacts of Kiev Pechersk Lavra. He painted the interiors of the {{Interlanguage link multi|Krestovozdvizhenskaya Church|ru|3=Крестовоздвиженская церковь Киево-Печерской лавры}} there.[8] Olenin commissioned Solntsev to describe archaeological and historical artifacts of Russian state.[5][6] Solntsev started to work in 1830. He made more than 3000 highly detailed drawing of different artifacts including the record of all the Kremlin's riches. Seven hundreds of those drawings made the core for the six-volume publications titled Antiquities of the Russian State.[5][6] The encyclopedia was published after Olenin's death using the funds provided by Nicholas I.[4] Solntsev also provided a detailed chronicle of Old Russian style in his book Clothing of Russia.[9] Solntsev died on 3 March 1892 and was buried in Volkovo Cemetery in Saint Petersburg.[5] References1. ^{{cite book|title=Russian Life|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aOoVAQAAMAAJ|accessdate=13 September 2013|year=2007|publisher=Rich Frontier Publishing Company|page=18}} {{commons category|Fedor Solntsev}}2. ^{{cite book|title=Древности российского государства|year=1849–1865|publisher=Alexander Semen typography|location=Moscow|url=http://www.runiverse.ru/lib/book7622/}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Древности Российского государства, изданные по Высочайшему повелению Императора Николая I.|url=http://www.raruss.ru/treasure/page2/750-antiquities-russian-state.html}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Художник, реставратор, археолог Федор Солнцев и его коллекция рисунков "Древности Российского государства"|url=http://www.kreml.ru/ru/press/MuseumPalace/2006/061209/}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 {{cite web|last=Aksenova|first=G.V.|title=Художник-археолог Федор Солнцев в сотрудничестве со Святейшим Синодом|url=http://www.portal-slovo.ru/art/46750.php|publisher=Slovo}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Fedor Solncev|url=http://www.peoples.ru/art/painter/fedor_solncev/|publisher=Bibliographical dictionary peoples.ru}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Солнцев Федор Григорьевич (1801–1892)|url=http://www.artsait.ru/art/s/solncev/main.htm|work=Русская живопись}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=Солнцев Федор Григорьевич|url=http://ru.kplavra.kiev.ua/Solncev_Fedir_Grigorovich_.html|publisher=National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical Preserve}} 9. ^1 {{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/09/arts/design/09russ.html?_r=0 | title=An Image Consultant to a Spinmeister Czar | date=7 March 2007 | last=Goodbody | first=Bridget L. | newspaper=The New York Times}} Further reading
7 : 1801 births|1892 deaths|19th-century Russian painters|Russian male painters|Russian historians|Members of the Imperial Academy of Arts|19th-century historians |
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