| 词条 | Felix Vaughan |
| 释义 |
Early lifeThe son of Samuel Vaughan of Middlesex, a tradesman,[3] he was baptised at St James Westminster{{clarify|date=March 2018}}{{Fix|text=This is the name of a civil parish, not a church}} on 20 March 1766, and educated at Harrow School and Stanmore,[4] where he was briefly a pupil of Samuel Parr, who became a lifelong friend, as did Basil William Douglas, Lord Daer, a schoolfellow, son of Dunbar Douglas, 4th Earl of Selkirk.[5][6] He was admitted to the Inner Temple in 1785. He entered Jesus College, Cambridge as a fellow-commoner in 1786, graduating B.A. in 1790 and M.A. in 1794.[4] Vaughan was in France and Geneva in 1790–1. He corresponded from the continent with John Richter[7] and William Frend.[8] Opponent of the Pitt clampdownBack in England, Vaughan was part of the London radical milieu including James Losh;[9] also one of the group dining with John Horne Tooke.[10] He was called to the bar in 1792.[4] In spring of that year he was involved in drafting the constitution of the London Corresponding Society (LCS).[11] and consulted about with{{clarify|date=March 2018}} the Society for Constitutional Information.[12] He became a dedicated LCS member, much involved in legal matters.[13][14] From early in 1793, judicial measures, some questionable procedurally and some seen to be over-severe, were used to repress reforming views. In July Vaughan successfully defended a Knutsford bookseller who had stocked works of Tom Paine.[15] Advising James Watt junior, then abroad, Vaughan took the view that he was safe from prosecution.[16] He was counsel, with John Gurney, for Thomas Briellat, convicted in December 1793 for using seditious language.[17][18] In making the defence case, Vaughan emphasised the ubiquity of the Association for Preserving Liberty and Property.[19] In 1794 Vaughan visited Thomas Muir in his prison hulk, with Joseph Priestley.[20] In February, with Gurney, he successfully defended Daniel Isaac Eaton on a sedition charge, for publishing an allegory by John Thelwall.[21] The defence rested largely on freedom of the press, and the jury refused to find that Eaton had criminal intention.[22] Vaughan took part as junior counsel in the defence of the reformer Thomas Walker on trial in Lancaster for seditious conspiracy, with Thomas Erskine.[23][24] The trial began in April 1794, and Walker was acquitted, with the main prosecution witness discredited.[25] Vaughan in May 1794 defended George Harley Vaughan, a schoolmaster who had circulated a handbill about the war and its effect on the poor, on a seditious libel charge in Leicester.[26][27][28] He was present with John Frost when John Horne Tooke's house was searched after his arrest in May, and visited him in the Tower of London.[29] Subsequently, however, he was examined by the Privy Council, where he fended off implications of misprison of treason. As a consequence he was denied access to Horne Tooke, for a period from June.[30] He has been considered the author of the pamphlet Cursory Strictures of 2 October 1794 on the handling of the treason trials by Sir James Eyre LCJ, as has William Godwin.[31] He was junior counsel also that month in the trial of Thomas Hardy,[32] and for the trial of Horne Tooke in November.[33] Pages were removed from the LCS minute book, and Vaughan has been considered likely to be the person who did that.[34] Of the group of defendants charged with Hardy and Tooke, Jeremiah Joyce chose Vaughan as counsel, rather than the team of Erskine and Vicary Gibbs.[35] In January 1795 Vaughan was unsuccessful in the defence of James Montgomery at Doncaster Assizes.[36] In 1797 he and Samuel Romilly defended John Gale Jones at Warwick Assizes; Jones was convicted but not sentenced.[37] Thomas Banks made a series of plaster busts of the radicals around Horne Tooke, and Vaughan was included.[38]DeathVaughan died at his chambers in Lincoln's Inn, aged 32[39] or 33.[40] He left a legacy to Horne Tooke,[41] and property to Thomas Walker.[42] Samuel Parr composed a Latin inscription for him.[43] Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://lordbyron.cath.lib.vt.edu/persRec.php?choose=PersRefs&selectPerson=FeVaugh1799|title=Felix Vaughan, Lord Byron and His Times|accessdate=2 April 2015}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Vaughan, Felix}}2. ^{{cite book|author=Thomas Banks|title=Annals of Thomas Banks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zZM3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA128|year=1938|publisher=CUP Archive|page=128|id=GGKEY:38ZS48NWC8R}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mocavo.com/Memoirs-of-the-Life-and-Writings-of-Samuel-Parr-1829-Volume-1/694335/92|title=Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Samuel Parr, 1829, Volume 1, Page 92|accessdate=2 April 2015}} 4. ^1 2 {{acad|id=VHN786F|name=Vaughan, Felix}} 5. ^{{cite book|author1=Samuel Parr|author2=John Johnstone|title=The Works of Samuel Parr ...: With Memoirs of His Life and Writings, and a Selection from His Correspondence|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9IhMZ2_PY4C&pg=PA79|year=1828|volume=1|publisher=Longman, Rees|page=79}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Professor John Barrell|title=Living with the Royal Academy: Artistic Ideals and Experiences in England, 1768–1848|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c0Pwo9XC8-8C&pg=PA147|date=16 December 2013|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-0318-0|page=147}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Mary Thale|title=Selections from the Papers of the London Corresponding Society 1792-1799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JD89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PR23|date=4 August 1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24363-6|pages=23–}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0012%2FMS%20Add.7886-7887|title=Janus: William Frend: Correspondence|work=University of Cambridge|accessdate=2 April 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rc.umd.edu/node/59981|title=Losh, James (1763–1833), Romantic Circles|accessdate=2 April 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125220549/http://www.rc.umd.edu/node/59981|archivedate=25 November 2015|df=}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=James Epstein|title=In Practice: Studies in the Language and Culture of Popular Politics in Modern Britain|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_5d47dEZIkcC&pg=PA91|year=2003|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-4788-2|page=91}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=John Williams|title=Wordsworth: Romantic Poetry and Revolution Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hwNAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA522|date=1 January 1989|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-3168-7|pages=522–}} 12. ^{{cite book|last=Wharam|first=Alan|title=The Treason Trials, 1794|year=1992|publisher=Leicester University Press|isbn=0718514459|page=23}} 13. ^{{cite ODNB|id=42297|title=London Corresponding Society|first=Michael T.|last=Davis}} 14. ^{{cite book|author=Eugene Charlton Black|title=The Association: British Extraparliamentary Political Organization, 1769-1793|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A1Sw-IZGLJ4C&pg=PA226|year=1963|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-05000-6|page=226}} 15. ^{{cite book|author=Jenny Graham|year=2000|title=The Nation, the Law, and the King: Reform Politics in England, 1789-1799|volume=2|pages=503–4|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=0-7618-1484-1}} 16. ^{{cite book|author=Jenny Graham|year=2000|title=The Nation, the Law, and the King: Reform Politics in England, 1789-1799|volume=2|page=602 note 210|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=0-7618-1484-1}} 17. ^{{cite book|author=Mary Thale|title=Selections from the Papers of the London Corresponding Society 1792-1799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JD89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA89|date=4 August 1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24363-6|page=89}} 18. ^{{cite book|author=Stephen Burley|title=Hazlitt the Dissenter: Religion, Philosophy, and Politics, 1766-1816|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmuoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA183|date=1 October 2014|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-36443-2|pages=183 note 149}} 19. ^{{cite book|author=Carl B. Cone|title=The English Jacobins, reformers in late 18th century England|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zezyaghlDZcC&pg=PA144|year=2010|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-1-4128-4362-1|pages=144–5}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/theologicalmisce0102prie#page/220/mode/2up|title=The theological and miscellaneous works of Joseph Priestley|date=1817|volume=I pt. 2|page=221 note|editor=John Towill Rutt|work=Internet Archive|accessdate=2 April 2015}} 21. ^{{cite book|author=Mary Thale|title=Selections from the Papers of the London Corresponding Society 1792-1799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JD89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA117|date=4 August 1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24363-6|page=117}} 22. ^H. T, Dickinson, Thomas Paine and his British Critics (PDF), pp.51–2, Enlightenment and Dissent No. 27, 2011 23. ^{{cite ODNB|id=63603|title=Walker, Thomas|first=Michael T.|last=Davis}} 24. ^{{cite book|last=Wharam|first=Alan|title=The Treason Trials, 1794|year=1992|publisher=Leicester University Press|isbn=0718514459|page=123}} 25. ^{{cite book|author=Jenny Graham|year=2000|title=The Nation, the Law, and the King: Reform Politics in England, 1789-1799|volume=2|page=602|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=0-7618-1484-1}} 26. ^{{cite book|author=John Barrell|title=Imagining the King's Death: Figurative Treason, Fantasies of Regicide, 1793-1796|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TIIZ7Mkd-bQC&pg=PA114|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-811292-1|page=114}} 27. ^The City of Leicester: Parliamentary history, 1660-1835, in A History of the County of Leicester: Volume 4, the City of Leicester, ed. R A McKinley (London, 1958), pp. 110-152 http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/leics/vol4/pp110-152 [accessed 2 April 2015]. 28. ^{{cite book|author1=Andrew Kippis|author2=William Godwin|title=The New Annual Register, Or General Repository of History, Politics, and Literature, for the Year ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhANAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA28|year=1795|publisher=G. Robinson, Pater-noster-Row|pages=1–}} 29. ^{{cite book|last=Wharam|first=Alan|title=The Treason Trials, 1794|year=1992|publisher=Leicester University Press|isbn=0718514459|pages=93 and 127}} 30. ^{{cite book|author=Jenny Graham|year=2000|title=The Nation, the Law, and the King: Reform Politics in England, 1789-1799|volume=2|pages=615–6 and note 41|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=0-7618-1484-1}} 31. ^{{cite book|last=Wharam|first=Alan|title=The Treason Trials, 1794|year=1992|publisher=Leicester University Press|isbn=0718514459|page=133}} 32. ^{{cite book|last=Wharam|first=Alan|title=The Treason Trials, 1794|year=1992|publisher=Leicester University Press|isbn=0718514459|page=142}} 33. ^{{cite book|last=Wharam|first=Alan|title=The Treason Trials, 1794|year=1992|publisher=Leicester University Press|isbn=0718514459|page=194}} 34. ^{{cite book|author=Mary Thale|title=Selections from the Papers of the London Corresponding Society 1792-1799|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JD89AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA11|date=4 August 1983|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24363-6|page=11 note 19}} 35. ^{{cite book|author=John Adolphus|title=The history of England: from the accession to the decease of King George the Third|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qU9JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA47|year=1843|publisher=Printed for the author, and published by J. Lee|page=47}} 36. ^{{cite book|author=Jenny Graham|year=2000|title=The Nation, the Law, and the King: Reform Politics in England, 1789-1799|volume=2|page=654|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=0-7618-1484-1}} 37. ^{{cite book|author=Jenny Graham|year=2000|title=The Nation, the Law, and the King: Reform Politics in England, 1789-1799|volume=2|pages=761 note 59|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=0-7618-1484-1}} 38. ^{{cite book|author1=Rune Frederiksen|author2=Eckart Marchand|title=Plaster Casts: Making, Collecting and Displaying from Classical Antiquity to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W4sYUfxyK9oC&pg=PA294|date=27 September 2010|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-021687-5|page=294}} 39. ^{{cite book|author=John Nichols|title=The Gentleman's Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mQ_QAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA358|year=1799|publisher=E. Cave|page=358}} 40. ^{{cite book|title=The Monthly Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fnNEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA335|year=1799|page=335}} 41. ^{{cite ODNB|id=27545|title=Horne Tooke, John|first=Michael T.|last=Davis}} 42. ^{{cite book|author=Albert Goodwin|title=The Friends of Liberty: The English Democratic Movement in the Age of the French Revolution|page=365|year=1979|publisher=Hutchinson of London|isbn=978-0-09-134170-1}} 43. ^{{cite book|author1=Samuel Parr|author2=John Johnstone|title=The Works of Samuel Parr, ...: With Memoirs of His Life and Writings, and a Selection from His Correspondence|volume=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uU8JAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA572|year=1828|publisher=Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green|page=572}} 3 : 1799 deaths|English barristers|1766 births |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。