| 词条 | Fernando Cardenal |
| 释义 |
Fernando Cardenal Martínez (26 January 1934 – 20 February 2016) was a Nicaraguan Jesuit and liberation theologian. Nicaraguan RevolutionBorn in Granada, Nicaragua, he served as Minister of Education from 1984 to 1990, during the Sandinista era. His brother, poet Ernesto Cardenal, also a Catholic priest, served as Minister of Culture from 1979 to 1987. Because of his ties to the leftist Sandinistas and liberation theology, he was forced to leave the Society of Jesus, and, together with his brother Ernesto, he had his priesthood suspended directly by Pope John Paul II, an anticommunist, on the grounds that his roles as a priest and a government minister were incompatible. In an open letter published in 1984, he wrote: "I cannot conceive of a God that would ask me to abandon my commitment to the people […] From my point of view, and from my personal experience, it is possible to live […] simultaneously (in) fidelity to the church as a Jesuit and as a priest, and also devote myself to the service of the poor in Nicaragua from within the Sandinista revolution." Cardenal left political office in 1990, and was subsequently reinstated into the Jesuit order in 1997. In 1980, Cardenal led the Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign, a Sandinista effort that succeeded in teaching basic literacy to more than half a million people with the help of 60,000 young volunteers. Later lifeFernando Cardenal was a director at the Fe y Alegría organization in Managua, Nicaragua.[1] Through the organization, Cardenal was able to help provide education for the poor in Nicaragua. Since 1997, the year that he was readmitted to the Jesuits, Cardenal was an active priest. He was readmitted after four years had passed since he renounced his membership in the Sandinista National Liberation Front (the Sandinistas).[2] Cardenal made several visits to Jesuit universities in the United States, such as to the University of Detroit Mercy in 2013 and to the John Carroll University in 2014. He talked there about his commitment to help the poor and his experience as a Jesuit priest and liberation theologian during the Nicaraguan Revolution.[3][4] He has given several interviews to discuss his involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution as a minister of education, his commitment to the poor, and the current state of education in Nicaragua which links to his current involvement in Fe y Alegría. He gave an interview to an undergraduate student at Georgetown University in 2014.[5] He died in Managua in 2016.[6] FamilyFernando Cardenal was born into a wealthy and influential family in Granada, Nicaragua, as the fifth son of Rodolfo Cardenal and Esmeralda Martinez. One of his brothers is Ernesto Cardenal, a Nicaraguan Catholic priest, poet and politician. He is also a first cousin of the poet Pablo Antonio Cuadra. See also{{portal bar|Biography|Catholicism|Nicaragua}}References1. ^{{cite web | url=http://old.feyalegria.org/libreria/portal.php?caso=2&id=320#resena | title=Fe y Alegria in Nicaragua | accessdate=22 April 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1403237.htm | archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20150109021103/http%3A//www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1403237.htm | dead-url=yes | archive-date=9 January 2015 | title=Pope lifts suspension of Father D'Escoto, former Sandinista official | publisher=Catholic News Service/USCCB | date=6 August 2014 | accessdate=22 April 2015 | author=Wooden, Cindy }} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.udmercy.edu/events/2013/10/30/fr.-fernando-cardenal-nicaraguan-jesuit-and-activist.php |title=Fr. Fernando Cardenal: Nicaraguan Jesuit and activist |publisher=University of Detroit Mercy - A Catholic University in the Jesuit & Mercy Traditions |accessdate=22 April 2015 |author=Fichter, Ruth Esther |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150523001816/http://www.udmercy.edu/events/2013/10/30/fr.-fernando-cardenal-nicaraguan-jesuit-and-activist.php |archivedate=23 May 2015 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web | url=http://sites.jcu.edu/mission/pages/ignatian-resources/cardenal/ | title=Fernando Cardenal, S.J. | publisher=John Carrol University | accessdate=22 April 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/interviews/a-discussion-with-father-fernando-cardenal-s-j-national-director-of-fe-y-alegria-managua-nicaragua | title=A Discussion with Father Fernando Cardenal, S.J., National Director of Fe y Alegría, Managua, Nicaragua | publisher=Berkley Center For Religion, Peace & World Affairs at Georgetown University | date=30 July 2014 | accessdate=22 April 2015 | author=Maita, Gianna}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Fernando Cardenal, Rebel Priest Who Defied Pope, Dies at 82|url=http://www.telesurtv.net/english/news/Fernando-Cardenal-Rebel-Priest-Who-Defied-Pope-Dies-at-82-20160221-0002.html|website=teleSUR|accessdate=22 February 2016}} External links{{commons category}}
9 : 1934 births|2016 deaths|Catholicism-related controversies|Liberation theologians|Ministers of Education of Nicaragua|Nicaraguan Jesuits|Nicaraguan Roman Catholic priests|Nicaraguan Roman Catholics|People from Granada |
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