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词条 Fetal heartbeat bill
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  1. Fetal heartbeat bills by state

     Alabama  Arkansas  Florida  Georgia  Iowa  Kansas  Kentucky  Maryland  Minnesota  Mississippi  Missouri  North Dakota  Ohio  Oklahoma  Pennsylvania  South Carolina  Tennessee  Texas  West Virginia  Wyoming 

  2. Legal challenges

     Arkansas Lawsuit  Iowa Lawsuit  North Dakota Lawsuit  Kentucky 

  3. Controversy

  4. "Informed consent" laws

  5. See also

  6. Notes

  7. References

{{Distinguish|Ohio "Heartbeat Bill"}}{{citation style|date=January 2014}}

A fetal heartbeat bill is a form of proposed abortion legislation in the United States of America which makes abortions illegal as soon as the fetus' heartbeat can be detected,[1] based on the conclusion that a human heartbeat is enough to indicate a person. Fetal heartbeats can be detected at about six to seven weeks into the pregnancy,{{refn|group=nb|The figure of "six weeks" is frequently quoted in the media. According to the Endowment for Human Development, a fetus's heart begins to beat 22 days into the pregnancy.[1] However, some uncertainty remains as to when this heartbeat can be detected, as it depends on the method used. If a transvaginal ultrasound is used, the heartbeat can be detected in about 60% of pregnancies between 8 weeks and 8 weeks and 6 days' gestation.[2]}} but may be as late as twelve weeks when detected with a Doppler fetal monitor.[3]

Fetal heartbeat bills by state

Alabama

A bill prohibiting abortions after a heartbeat can be detected was passed by a vote of 73-29 in the Alabama House on March 4, 2014. In doing so they became the first state to pass such a bill.[4] The bill later died in committee.[5]

Arkansas

A fetal heartbeat bill, banning abortion after twelve weeks, was passed on January 31, 2013 by the Arkansas Senate,[6] vetoed in Arkansas by Governor Mike Beebe, but, on March 6, 2013, his veto was overridden by the Arkansas House of Representatives.[7] A federal judge issued a temporary injunction against the Arkansas law in May 2013,[8] and in March 2014, it was struck down by federal judge Susan Webber Wright, who described the law as unconstitutional.[9]

Florida

Two fetal heartbeat bills have been filed in the Florida Legislature in 2019.[10]

Rep. Mike Hill filed a fetal heartbeat bill (HB 235) on January 10, 2019 in the Florida House of Representatives.[11] A companion bill (SB 792), was filed in the Florida Senate on February 6, 2019 by Sen. Dennis Baxley.[12] The bills, which are identical,[13] make it third-degree felony for a doctor who performs an abortion on a woman after a fetal heartbeat is detected,[14] unless the "woman has been diagnosed with a condition that would create a serious risk of substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function if the woman delayed terminating her pregnancy."[15] Florida Governor Ron DeSantis has pledged to sign legislation that would ban abortions after a fetal heartbeat was detected.[16][17]

The 2019 Regular Legislative Session of the Florida legislature convenes on March 5, 2019.[18][19]

Georgia

Two fetal heartbeat bills have been filed in the Georgia General Assembly in 2015. Rep. Ed Setzler introduced HB 481 in the Georgia House of Representatives on February 25, 2019.[20] A similar bill is expected to be filed in the Georgia State Senate by Sen. Bruce Thompson soon.[21][22] During his campaign for Governor, Brian Kemp, now the Governor of Georgia, "vow[ed] to sign the toughest abortion laws in the country" and when asked about litigation said, "bring it! I'll fight for life at the Capitol and in the courtroom."[23] After being passed in the House on March 7, 2019, HB 481 was passed out of a Senate committee on March 18, 2019.[24] It was subsequently passed by the entire state Senate, after which it was narrowly passed by the House 92-78; the bill will now be sent to Governor Kemp's desk.[25]

On March 6, 2002, the House version of the Georgia fetal heratbeat bill (HB 481) was passed out committee and sent to the full House.[26] On March 7, 2019, HB 481 was passed by the Georgia House of Representatives.[27]

Iowa

On May 4, 2018 governor Kim Reynolds signed into law a bill that would ban abortion in Iowa after a fetal heartbeat is detected, starting July 1, 2018.[28] On January 22, 2019, a county district judge declared the law to be in violation of Iowa's State Constitution and entered a permanent injunction prohibiting its enforcement.[29] See the Iowa Lawsuit section of this article under the Legal challenges heading for more details related to the litigation over Iowa's fetal heartbeat bill.

Kansas

The bill was introduced and referred to committee in February 2013. The bill was presented to the Kansas house in March 2013.[30] The bill was known as House Bill 2324, "An act prohibiting an abortion of an unborn human individual with a detectable fetal heartbeat." [31]

One outspoken advocate of such bills is Mark Gietzen, who has tried to gather as many signatures as possible in order to get Sam Brownback to convene a special session of Congress in order to consider the bill.[32] Gietzen also advocated for a fetal heartbeat law to be passed during a special session of the Kansas legislature, to be held on September 3, 2013.[33] HB 2324 died in committee in May 2014.[34]

Kentucky

Two bills which seek to prohibit abortions after a fetal heartbeat is detected have been filed in the Kentucky General Assembly in 2019.[35] Sen. Matt Castlen introduced SB 9 in the Kentucky Senate on January 8, 2019.[36] On February 14, 2019, SB 9 passed out of the Kentucky Senate by a 31-6 vote.[37] The bill was received in the House on February 15, 2019, where it now awaits action by the Kentucky House of Representatives.[38] Damon Thayer, the Senate Republican floor leader said SB 9 "absolutely" is a priority for the chamber and he hopes to hold a full hearing soon on the bill. He said he would be delighted if it became law and ended up before the U.S. Supreme Court as a means to overturn to Roe v. Wade "It would be the pinnacle of my career," he said.[39] On March 14, 2019, the Kentucky House passed SB 9 by a vote of 71-19.[40]

A similar bill by Rep. Robert Goforth was introduced in the Kentucky House of Representatives. The bill, HB 100, which was prefiled on December 13, 2018, was referred to the Health and Family Services Committee on January 10, 2019.[41] When asked about the heartbeat bill, Rep. Goforth, who announced his candidacy for Governor of Kentucky on January 8, 2019, the same day the bill was introduced, said he would be pleased if Kentucky or one of the other states considering similar measures enacted such a law and, in the event of court challenge, took the case to the U.S. Supreme Court in an effort to overturn Roe v. Wade.[42]

Previous fetal heartbeat bills filed in Kentucky have failed to pass. A fetal heartbeat bill, HB 132, was introduced on January 7, 2014 by Joseph Fischer. The bill was referred to the House Health and Welfare Committee on March 19, 2014, where the bill died.[43][44] In 2013, Rep. Fischer introduced the same bill with the same bill number (Hb 132) on January 11, 2013. The bill was referred to the House Health and Welfare Committee on February 20, 2013, where the bill died.[45][46]

Maryland

Two fetal heartbeat bills have been filed in the Maryland House of Delegates in 2019. On February 8, 2019,Ric Metzgar filed HB 933.[47] On February 8, 2019, Robin L. Grammer, Jr. filed HB 978, a bill entitled "Keep Our Hearts Beating Act."[48]

Minnesota

On January 22, 2019, Tim MIller filed HF 271 in the Minnesota House of Representatives.[49]

Mississippi

Three fetal heartbeat bills were filed in the Mississippi Legislature in January 2019.[50]

SB 2116, by Sen. Angela Burks Hill was referred to the Public Health and Welfare Committee on January 11, 2019.[51]

HB 732, by Rep. Chris Borwn was referred to the Public Health and Human Services Committee on January 17, 2019.[52] After passing out of their respective committees on February 5, 2019,[53] both SB 2116 and HB 732, were passed out of the Mississippi Senate and Mississippi House on February 13, 2019.[54] On March 19, 2019, the Senate concurred in the House amendments to SB 2116,[55] and on March 22, 2019 the fetal heartbeat bill was signed into law by Mississippi Governor Phil Bryant.[56]

A third fetal heartbeat bill filed in 2019, HB 529 by Robert Foster died the House Judiciary A Committee on February 5, 2019.[57]

In 2018, three heartbeat bills were filed in Mississippi; all of which died in committee.[58][59][60] In 2017, three heartbeat bills were filed in Mississippi; all of which died in committee.[61][62][63] In 2014, Sen. Joey Fillingane, filed a heartbeat bill in the Mississippi State Senate.[64] The bill died in committee.[65] In 2013, HB 6, was introduced in January and died in committee on February 5, 2013.[66]

Missouri

Two fetal heartbeat bills have been filed in Missouri on January 9, 2019.[67] SB 139 was filed in the Missouri Senate by Sen. Andrew Koenig; the bill is pending in the Health and Pensions Committee.[68] HB 126 was filed in the Missouri House of Representatives by Rep. Nick Schroer.[69] On January 30, 2019, HB 126 was referred to the Children and Families Committee, and on February 12, 2019, a public hearing on the bill was completed.[70] On February 21, 2018, HB 126 was voted out of committee to the full House with the recommendation that it "do pass."[71][72] On February 27, 2019, HB 126 was passed out of the Missouri House and was sent to the state Senate.[73] Missouri’s House Speaker Elijah Haahr has said he supports the “heartbeat bill” calling it a top priority for the 2019 session.[74][75] When asked if he would sign a fetal heartbeat bill, Governor Mike Parson said, "I’ve been pro-life my entire career, and I support that all the time."[76]

North Dakota

North Dakota HB 1456 was signed into law in March 2013[77] by Jack Dalrymple, who stated that it was "a legitimate attempt by a state legislature to discover the boundaries of Roe v. Wade." A federal district court found that it clearly violated the constitutional protections afforded in Roe v. Wade and it was quickly blocked.[78]

In July of that year, a lawsuit had been filed with regard to the law by the Center for Reproductive Rights (CRR), on behalf of the only abortion clinic in North Dakota, Red River Women's Clinic. In July 2015, the 8th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals blocked the bill.[79] The case was appealed to the Supreme Court, but the court denied a writ of certiorari in January 2015 and let stand the decision of the 8th Circuit Court of Appeals.[80]

Ohio

Two fetal heartbeat bills have been introduced in the Ohio General Assembly in 2019, marking the 133rd Session of the Ohio General Assembly as the fifth time such legislation has been proposed in the state.[81] On February 11, 2019, Christina Hagan and Ron Hood filed HB 68,[82] which was introduced in the Ohio House of Representatives on February 12, 2019.[83] On February 12, 2019, Kristina Roegner filed SB 23 in the Ohio Senate;[84] the bill was referred to the Health, Human Services and Medicaid Committee on February 13, 2019.[85] On February 21, 2019, the President of the Ohio Senate, Larry Obhof pledged to pass SB 23 out of the upper chamber stating, “We are going to pass that bill by the middle of March. I have no doubt at all.”[86] On March 13, 2019, SB 23 was passed out of the Ohio Senate by a vote of 19 to 13.[87]

In Ohio, a fetal heartbeat law, HB 125, was introduced in the state legislature in October 2011.[88] The bill was shelved by the Republican majority Senate to avoid controversy.[89] This bill was notably supported by Jack Willke.[90] A related law was signed in Ohio in 2013 by John Kasich, which mandates, among other things, that doctors who do not test for a fetal heartbeat must be subject to criminal penalties; specifically, "The doctor’s failure to do so would be a first-degree misdemeanor, carrying up to six months in jail, for the first violation and a fourth-degree felony, carrying up to 18 months in jail, for subsequent violations."[91] A further fetal heartbeat law was introduced on August 14, 2013, by Lynn Wachtmann and others.[92]

A bill similar to the 2011-2012 bill was introduced in 2013, titled HB 248.[93]

On March 25, 2015, another heartbeat bill (House Bill 69) passed the Ohio House of Representatives.[94] The Guardian reported that "The bill is unlikely to go any further, facing stiff opposition in the senate as well as from John Kasich, the Republican governor of Ohio."[95]

On December 6, 2016, the Ohio Senate added a heartbeat ban provision to an unrelated bill, [https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/legislation-summary?id=GA131-HB-493 House Bill 493], previously passed by the Ohio House of Representatives. The bill was returned to the House and passed by the House the same day.[96] The bill as passed would make abortion after the detection of a fetal heartbeat a fifth-degree felony except in cases where a physician judges the abortion necessary "to prevent the death of the pregnant woman or to prevent a serious risk of the substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function of the pregnant woman."[97] On December 13, 2016, Kasich vetoed the bill.[98]

Oklahoma

A fetal heartbeat bill was signed into law by then-Oklahoma governor Mary Fallin in April of 2012 to where the woman about to undergo the abortion procedure is offered by the abortion provider to hear the fetuses heartbeat before going through with the abortion.[99]

Pennsylvania

A fetal heartbeat bill (HB 2315) was introduced in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives on May 2, 2018.[100] The bill was referred to the Judiciary Committee where it died.[101]

South Carolina

Rep. [https://www.scstatehouse.gov/member.php?code=1217045309 John Mccravy] prefiled HB 3020 in the South Carolina House of Representatives in December 2018.[102] The bill, which is entitled "Fetal Heartbeat Protection from Abortion Act", was introduced on January 8, 2018 and referred to the House Judiciary Committee.[103] Previous attempts to pass fetal heartbeat bills in the South Carolina General Assembly have failed.[104]

Tennessee

Two fetal heartbeat bills were filed in the Tennessee General Assembly in 2019. On January 23, 2019, by Rep. James "Micah" Van Huss filed HB 77 in the Tennessee House of Representatives.[105] On February 7 2019, Sen. Mark Pody filed SB 1236 in the Tennessee Senate.[106] On February 20, 2019, HB 77 was passed out of a Public Health subcommittee and sent to the full committee.[107] On February 26, 2019, the House Public Health Committee voted 15-4 to send HB 77 to the House floor for a full vote.[108][109] On February 7, 2019, HB 77 was passed out of the Tennessee House by a vote of 66-21.[110]

Texas

On February 7, 2019, Briscoe Cain, a member of the Texas House of Representatives, introduced a fetal heartbeat bill entitled the Texas Heartbeat Bill.[111] The bill (HB 1500) is joint authored by Representatives Phil King, Dan Flynn, Tan Parker, and Rick Miller.[112] As of February 26, 2019, HB 1500 had 57 sponsors or cosponsors of the 150 members of the Texas House of Representatives.[113] Former State Senator Wendy Davis said HB 1500 is “the most dangerous I’ve ever seen."[114]

A fetal heartbeat bill was previously introduced in Texas by Phil King on July 18, 2013, in the wake of Rick Perry signing Texas Senate Bill 5 into law.[115] The bill was not passed.[116]

West Virginia

Two fetal heartbeat bills have been introduced in the West Virginia House of Delegates in 2019. On February 7, 2019, Ralph Rodighiero (D-Logan) filed HB 2903 entitled "The Fetal Hearbeat Act."[117] On February 8, 2019, Evan Worrell (R-Cabell) filed HB 2915.[118]

Wyoming

A fetal heartbeat bill, HB 97, was introduced in the Wyoming House of Representatives in January 2013 by Kendell Kroeker, however in February 2013 the bill was struck down by a house committee in a 4-5 vote.[119][120]

Legal challenges

Arkansas Lawsuit

On May 27, 2015, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed a lower court ruling and permanently blocked the law from being enforced.[121] In January 2016, The U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case, leaving the Eighth Circuit’s ruling in place.[122]

Iowa Lawsuit

On May 15, 2018, eleven days after Iowa Governor Kim Reynolds signed SF 359 into law, Planned Parenthood of the Heartland, Inc., Jill Meadows, M.D., and Emma Goldman Clinic (petitioners) filed a lawsuit seeking declaratory and injunctive relief in state court arguing the fetal heartbeat law violated the Iowa State Constitution.[123][124][125] On June 1, 2018, Polk County District Court Judge Michael Huppert entered a preliminary injunction which temporarily blocked the law from going into effect.[126] On January 22, 2019, the county district judge declared the law to be in violation of the Iowa Constitution and entered a permanent injunction prohibiting its enforcement.[127] In holding the law unconstitutional the judge cited the Supreme Court of Iowa's 2018 ruling in a challenge to a different abortion-restriction in which the state's court of last resort held that "a woman's right to decide whether to terminate a pregnancy is a fundamental right under the Iowa Constitution."[128] Pro-life proponents have said they hope this litigation creates a pathway for Roe v. Wade to be reexamined by the U.S. Supreme Court, but University of Iowa law professor Paul Gowder and other legal experts have said that it is almost impossible that it could end up in front of the U.S. Supreme Court, as the U.S. Supreme Court does not review Supreme Court decisions concerning state constitutional questions.[129]

In response to Judge Michael Huppert's ruling that Iowa’s heartbeat abortion ban violates the state Constitution, anti-abortion legislators have filed legislation to amend the state constitution to state,[130] “that the Constitution of the State of Iowa does not secure or protect a right to or require the funding of abortion.”[131] The resolutions proposing to amend Iowa's constitution are SJR 9 and HJR 5 which were filed on January 24, 2019 and February 6, 2019, respectively.[132][133] Should the amendment pass and be ratified by voters, it would essentially repeal the court's ruling.[134]

North Dakota Lawsuit

In July 2015 the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed a lower court decision blocking HB 1456 from going into effect.[135]The U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case and the law remains permanently blocked.[136]

Kentucky

Kentucky already has three lawsuits over abortions restrictions. Kentucky's bill faces a challenge with the Roe v. Wade ruling, but with the retirement of Justice Anthony Kennedy, who had a major vote to preserve abortion rights there could be a change.[137]

Controversy

There exists some controversy surrounding fetal heartbeat laws because no one is exactly sure when the earliest point is at which a fetus's heartbeat can be detected; when the Wyoming state legislature was debating the bill mentioned above, Norine Kasperik "noted that during the discussion, she heard different answers to when a heartbeat is detectable. To her, there seemed to be variation by medical equipment used." Similarly, Mary Throne inquired, "Is this abortion illegal at 22 days with a highly invasive ultrasound or is it illegal at 9 weeks when we hear a heartbeat with a stethoscope?"[119] Furthermore, some critics of these bills have claimed that they ignore that not all fetuses' heartbeats become detectable at the same time, even when measured using the same methods, since, according to Mother Jones, this varies depending on "the embryo's position in the uterus, a woman's body fat percentage, and a dozen other variables."[138]

On a similar note, the Center for Reproductive Rights has stated that there is some inconsistency with regard to these laws; specifically, "The Arkansas law requires providers to do so with an abdominal ultrasound, and the North Dakota one by any technology available, including a transvaginal probe, which can detect a heartbeat weeks earlier than an abdominal ultrasound."[139] With specific regard to the North Dakota law, detecting a fetus' heartbeat at six weeks into a pregnancy requires the use of a transvaginal ultrasound, which some members of the pro-choice movement say is unnecessarily invasive.[140] Furthermore, while the pro-life movement claims that bills mandating a woman listen to her fetus' heartbeat would increase the likelihood of them changing their mind, the pro-choice community, with the support of the Pennsylvania Medical Society, opposes "informed-consent" bills because they threaten to, if passed, "significantly jeopardize the open dialogue within the physician-patient relationship."[141]

Furthermore, some critics of fetal heartbeat bills say that, since Roe v. Wade established that abortion is legal until the point of viability (between 24 and 28 weeks into the pregnancy), that such bills "blatantly contradict" Supreme Court precedent. As Governor Beebe put it regarding the Arkansas 12-week ban mentioned above, "In short, because it would impose a ban on a woman's right to choose an elective, nontherapeutic abortion well before viability, Senate Bill 134 blatantly contradicts the United States Constitution, as interpreted by the Supreme Court...When I was sworn in as governor I took an oath to preserve, protect, and defend both the Arkansas Constitution and the Constitution of the United States. I take that oath seriously."[7] That fetal heartbeat bills are unconstitutional is an opinion with which Judge Hovland agreed with regard to the North Dakota law signed by the governor on March 26, 2013. Hovland wrote that the law was "clearly invalid and unconstitutional based on the United States Supreme Court precedent in Roe V. Wade."[142]

"Informed consent" laws

A related though distinct type of law is that introduced at the state level in all 50 states in the US in October 2011, which would require any woman seeking an abortion to see and hear their fetus's heartbeat. Supporters included the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, Americans United for Life, and the Susan B. Anthony List.[90] Another such bill was introduced in Texas, and, after getting approved by an appeals court, was criticized by Sam Sparks, who said, "The concept that the government may make puppets out of doctors, provided it does not step on their patients’ rights, is not one this Court believes is consistent with the Constitution, in the abortion context or otherwise."[143] A similar type of legislation, the "Heartbeat Informed Consent Act", was introduced at the national level around the same time by Michele Bachmann, however, it died in committee.[144] Another law of this variety, introduced by Sharon Weston Broome, was passed by legislators in Louisiana in 2012, as an amendment to a 2010 bill requiring women seeking an abortion to receive an ultrasound of their fetus.[145] Similar laws have been passed in states such as Georgia in 2005;[146] and a law that mandated both an ultrasound of the fetus and listening to its heartbeat before an abortion could be procured was laid on the table in 2012 in Pennsylvania.[147] This last bill became controversial when Tom Corbett, Pennsylvania's governor, stated that "You just have to close your eyes" and dismissed accusations that the bill would be unnecessarily obtrusive.[148]

"Informed consent" laws requiring women seeking abortions to have the physician play a recording of her fetus' heartbeat have met with challenges in court, notably in Texas, when the CRR filed a lawsuit against it, leading to a court case entitled Texas Medical Providers Performing Abortion Services v. Lakey. Prior to Sam Sparks condemning the law in January 2012, however, a federal district court had ruled that the law violated the First Amendment in August 2011. This decision was reversed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, led by Edith Jones. Another similar law was challenged in North Carolina in Stuart v. Huff, in which a federal district court ruled that the law was in violation of the First Amendment. This case, unlike the one in Texas, has not yet been appealed.[149] This has led to some debate among different pro-life/anti-abortion groups regarding strategy; specifically, while some of these groups, like the Kansas Coalition for Life, have supported the passing of this legislation, others, like Kansans for Life, are concerned that "enacting a fetal heartbeat ban would prompt a court ruling undoing some limits on abortion and providers."[150] Likewise, Paul Linton, former general counselor for AUL, has argued that fetal heartbeat laws "have no chance in the courts." He, like most mainstream anti-abortion advocates (including James Bopp), prefers instead a legislative strategy that chips away at Roe v. Wade.[139]

See also

  • Ohio "Heartbeat Bill"

Notes

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.ehd.org/dev_article_unit4.php#fb1 | title=Prenatal Form and Function – The Making of an Earth Suit | publisher=EHD | accessdate=22 August 2013}}
2. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9378(96)70248-X | last1 = Mitra | first1 = A. G. | last2 = Laurent | first2 = S. L. | last3 = Moore | first3 = J. E. | last4 = Blanchard Jr | first4 = G. F. | last5 = Chescheir | first5 = N. C. | title = Transvaginal versus transabdominal Doppler auscultation of fetal heart activity: A comparative study | journal = American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology | volume = 175 | issue = 1 | pages = 41–44 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8694073}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=http://pregnancy.about.com/od/prenatalappointments/f/hearingheartbeat.htm | title=How soon can I hear my baby's heartbeat in pregnancy? | work=About.com | accessdate=28 July 2013 | author=Weiss, Robin Elise}}
4. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/05/us-usa-alabama-abortion-idUSBREA2405H20140305 | title=Alabama lawmakers weigh strict 'fetal heartbeat' abortion ban | work=Reuters | date=4 March 2014 | accessdate=20 September 2014}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://blog.al.com/wire/2014/04/bills_that_passed_and_died_dur.html | title=Bills that passed and died during the Alabama Legislature's 2014 session | work=Al.com | date=6 April 2014 | accessdate=20 September 2014 | author=Cason, Mike}}
6. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/01/us-usa-abortion-arkansas-idUSBRE91003K20130201 | title=Arkansas Senate passes fetal heartbeat law to ban most abortions | publisher=Reuters | date=31 January 2013 | accessdate=5 September 2013 | author=Parker, Suzi}}
7. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/06/arkansas-12-week-abortion-ban_n_2821739.html | title=Arkansas 12-Week Abortion Ban Becomes Law | work=Huffington Post | date=6 March 2013 | accessdate=31 July 2013 | author=Bassett, Laura}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/may/17/ark-heartbeat-abortion-law-blocked/|title=Ark. 'heartbeat' abortion law blocked - Washington Times|work=The Washingtion Times}}
9. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2014/03/15/arkansas-abortion-ban/6453807/ | title=U.S. judge strikes Arkansas' 12-week abortion ban | work=USA Today | date=15 March 2014 | accessdate=20 September 2014 | author=AP}}
10. ^{{cite news |last1=Callahan |first1=Joe |title=State Sen. Dennis Baxley files ‘heartbeat’ bill |url=https://www.ocala.com/news/20190208/state-sen-dennis-baxley-files-heartbeat-bill |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Ocala Star Banner |date=8 February 2019}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=HB 235 - Abortion |url=https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Bills/billsdetail.aspx?BillId=63109 |publisher=Florida House of Representatives |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
12. ^{{cite news |title=‘Fetal heartbeat' bill emerges in Florida Senate |url=http://www.fox13news.com/news/fetal-heartbeat-bill-emerges-in-florida-senate |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Fox 13 |date=7 February 2019}}
13. ^{{cite news |title=Second lawmaker files bill in Florida Senate banning abortions after fetal heartbeat detected |url=https://www.orlandoweekly.com/Blogs/archives/2019/02/08/second-lawmaker-files-bill-in-florida-senate-banning-abortions-after-fetal-heartbeat-detected |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Orlando Weekly |date=8 February 2019 |quote=Rep. Mike Hill, R-Pensacola, filed an identical bill (HB 235) last month}}
14. ^{{cite news |last1=Callahan |first1=Joe |title=State Sen. Dennis Baxley files ‘heartbeat’ bill |url=https://www.ocala.com/news/20190208/state-sen-dennis-baxley-files-heartbeat-bill |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Ocala Star Banner |date=8 February 2019 |quote=Doctors who perform abortions after a heartbeat is detected could face a third-degree felony, according to language written into both bills}}
15. ^{{cite news |last1=Garrand |first1=Danielle |title=Florida bill would ban abortions if fetal heartbeat detected |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/florida-mike-hill-house-bill-235-abortion-ban-fetal-heartbeat/ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=CBS News |date=22 January 2019 |quote=an abortion can be provided if a woman has been diagnosed with a condition that "would create a serious risk of substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function if the woman delayed terminating her pregnancy."}}
16. ^{{cite news |last1=Glorioso |first1=Alexandra |title=Putnam and DeSantis vow to sign abortion-ban law if elected |url=https://www.politico.com/states/florida/story/2018/06/28/putnam-and-desantis-vow-to-sign-abortion-ban-law-if-elected-494539 |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Politico |date=28 June 2018 |quote=Republican gubernatorial candidates Adam Putnam and Ron DeSantis both pledged at their first debate to sign legislation to ban abortions “after a fetal heartbeat is detected."}}
17. ^{{cite news |last1=Garrand |first1=Danielle |title=Florida bill would ban abortions if fetal heartbeat detected |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/florida-mike-hill-house-bill-235-abortion-ban-fetal-heartbeat/ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=CBS News |date=22 January 2019 |quote=During now-Gov. Ron DeSantis' first gubernatorial debate, he pledged to sign legislation that would ban abortions after a fetal heartbeat was detected}}
18. ^{{cite news |title=‘Fetal heartbeat' bill emerges in Florida Senate |url=http://www.fox13news.com/news/florida-news/fetal-heartbeat-bill-emerges-in-florida-senate |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Fox 13 News |date=7 February 2019 |quote=Sen. Dennis Baxley, R-Ocala, filed the proposal . . . on Wednesday for consideration during the legislative session that starts March 5}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.flsenate.gov/?Tab=BillActions |publisher=The Florida Senate |accessdate=9 February 2019 |quote=The Senate will convene on Tuesday, March 5, 2019, for the 2019 Regular Session}}
20. ^{{cite news |last1=Prabhu |first1=Maya |title=Georgia Republican files ‘heartbeat’ bill that would effectively ban abortion |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/georgia-republican-files-heartbeat-bill-that-would-effectively-ban-abortion/9RgL28F67NaRuhu6haar7K/ |accessdate=27 February 2019 |publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=26 February 2019 |quote=State Rep. Ed Setzler on Monday introduced House Bill 481, which would outlaw abortions once a doctor can detect a heartbeat in the womb.}}
21. ^{{cite news |last1=Darnell |first1=Tim |title=Anti-Abortion 'Heartbeat' Bill Introduced By 2 Cobb Legislators |url=https://patch.com/georgia/marietta/anti-abortion-heartbeat-bill-introduced-2-cobb-legislators |accessdate=27 February 2019 |agency=Patch Media |publisher=Patch |date=26 February 2019 |quote=State Rep. Ed Setzler (R-Acworth) and Sen. Bruce Thompson (R-White) introduced Georgia's version of a "heartbeat bill," making Georgia the 12th state to introduce heartbeat legislation this year, according to the Family Policy Alliance of Georgia.}}
22. ^{{cite news |last1=Prabhu |first1=Maya |title=Georgia Republican files ‘heartbeat’ bill that would effectively ban abortion |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/georgia-republican-files-heartbeat-bill-that-would-effectively-ban-abortion/9RgL28F67NaRuhu6haar7K/ |accessdate=27 February 2019 |publisher=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |date=26 February 2019 |quote=A similar bill is expected to be filed in the Senate this week.}}
23. ^{{cite news |last1=Jimison |first1=Robert |title=Republican Lawmakers In Georgia Aim For Most Restrictive Abortion Law in The Country |url=https://www.gpbnews.org/post/republican-lawmakers-georgia-aim-most-restrictive-abortion-law-country |accessdate=27 February 2019 |agency=NPR |publisher=Georgia Public Radio - GPB News |date=27 February 2019 |quote=Before becoming governor, Brian Kemp campaigned on the promise to sign “the toughest abortion laws in the country.” . . . I back Mississippi's ban on abortions after fifteen weeks and vow to sign the toughest abortion laws in the country as your next governor. If abortion rights activists want to sue me...bring it! I'll fight for life at the Capitol and in the courtroom.}}
24. ^{{cite news |last1=Fink |first1=Jenni |title=GEORGIA SENATOR: ANTI-ABORTION BILL 'NATIONAL STUNT' IN RACE TO BE CONSERVATIVE STATE TO GET ROE V. WADE OVERTURNED |url=https://www.newsweek.com/georgia-senator-anti-abortion-bill-national-stunt-race-be-conservative-state-1367027 |accessdate=19 March 2019 |publisher=Newsweek |date=18 March 2019}}
25. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/georgia-anti-abortion-heartbeat-bill-heads-governor-desk/V8MsSqg8GJllCz1ByhZKyK/ |title=Georgia’s anti-abortion ‘heartbeat bill’ heads to governor’s desk |last=Prabhu |first=Maya |date=29 March 2019 |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution |access-date=1 April 2019 |language=English}}
26. ^{{cite news |last1=Park |first1=Madison |title=Georgia heartbeat bill takes step closer to passage after clearing state House committee |url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/07/health/georgia-heartbeat-bill-abortion/index.html |accessdate=8 March 2019 |publisher=CNN |date=8 March 2019}}
27. ^{{cite web |title=2019-2020 Regular Session - HB 481 |url=http://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/en-US/Display/20192020/HB/481 |website=legis.ga.gov |publisher=Georgia General Assembly |accessdate=8 March 2019}}
28. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/politics/2018/05/04/abortion-ban-law-iowa-fetal-heartbeat/577443002/ |title=Nearly all abortions banned in Iowa as Gov. Kim Reynolds signs 'fetal heartbeat' law |website=Des Moines Register |language=en |access-date=2018-05-04}}
29. ^{{cite news |last1=Leys |first1=Tony |title=Iowa 'fetal heartbeat' abortion restriction declared unconstitutional |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/01/23/iowa-fetal-heartbeat-abortion-law-ruling/2655252002/ |accessdate=10 February 2019 |publisher=USA Today |date=23 January 2019}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/measures/hb2324/|title=HB 2324|work=kslegislature.org}}
31. ^ 
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kansas.com/2011/07/17/1936557/groups-push-stricter-abortion.html|title=Kansas groups push stricter abortion limits|work=kansas}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://signal.baldwincity.com/news/2013/jul/29/kansas-abortion-group-sees-opportunity-special-ses/|title=Kansas abortion group sees opportunity in special session - BaldwinCity.com|work=baldwincity.com}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://kslegislature.org/li/b2013_14/measures/hb2324/|title=HB 2324|work=kslegislature.org}}
35. ^{{cite news |author1=Associated Press |title=New abortion-related fight in Kentucky heats up over fetal heartbeats |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/new-abortion-related-fight-kentucky-heats-over-fetal-heartbeats-n956966 |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=NBC News |date=9 January 2019}}
36. ^{{cite web |title=2019 Regular Session - Senate Bill 9 |url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/19rs/SB9.html |website=Kentucky General Assembly |publisher=Kentucky Legislative Research Commission |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
37. ^{{cite news |title=The Latest: Kentucky Senate passes fetal heartbeat bill |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/the-latest-kentucky-senate-passes-fetal-heartbeat-bill/2019/02/14/650fc8b0-30a1-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html?utm_term=.1d6910794955 |accessdate=14 February 2019 |publisher=The Washington Post |date=14 February 2019 |quote=The Kentucky Senate has overwhelmingly passed a bill that would ban most abortions in the state once a fetal heartbeat is detected. The Republican-led chamber’s 31-6 vote on Thursday came a few hours after the measure cleared a committee. The bill now goes to the state House, which is also run by Republicans.}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/KY/bill/SB9/2019|title=KY SB9 - 2019 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
39. ^{{cite news |last1=Yetter |first1=Deborah |title=After striking out twice, GOP tries again to 'effectively' ban abortion |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/ky-legislature/2019/01/10/kentucky-abortion-fetal-heartbeat-bill-introduced-by-gop-governor-candidate-robert-goforth/2524722002/ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Louisville Courier Journal |date=10 January 2019 |quote=And he said he would be pleased if Kentucky or one of the other states considering similar measures enacted such a law and, in the event of court challenge, took the case to the U.S. Supreme Court in an effort to overturn Roe v. Wade}}
40. ^{{cite news |last1=Heller |first1=Marsha |title=KY House passes fetal heartbeat bill |url=http://www.kfvs12.com/2019/03/15/ky-house-passes-fetal-heartbeat-bill/ |accessdate=20 March 2019 |publisher=KFVS 12 (CBS) |date=15 March 2019 |quote=Senate Bill 9, known as the “fetal heartbeat bill”, was passed by the Kentucky House on Thursday, March 14, by a vote of 71-19.}}
41. ^{{cite web |title=2019 Regular Session - House Bill 100 |url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/19rs/hb100.html |website=Kentucky General Assembly |publisher=Kentucky Legislative Research Commission |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
42. ^{{cite news |last1=Yetter |first1=Deborah |title=After striking out twice, GOP tries again to 'effectively' ban abortion |url=https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/ky-legislature/2019/01/10/kentucky-abortion-fetal-heartbeat-bill-introduced-by-gop-governor-candidate-robert-goforth/2524722002/ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Louisville Courier Journal |date=10 January 2019 |quote=And he said he would be pleased if Kentucky or one of the other states considering similar measures enacted such a law and, in the event of court challenge, took the case to the U.S. Supreme Court in an effort to overturn Roe v. Wade}}
43. ^{{cite web |title=2014 Regular Session - House Bill 132 |url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/14rs/hb132.html |website=Kentucky General Assembly |publisher=Kentucky Legislative Research Commission |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/KY/bill/HB132/2014|title=KY HB132 - 2014 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
45. ^{{cite web |title=2013 Regular Session - House Bill 132 |url=https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/record/13rs/hb132.html |website=Kentucky General Assembly |publisher=Kentucky Legislative Research Commission |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/KY/bill/HB132/2013|title=KY HB132 - 2013 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
47. ^{{cite web |title=MD - 2019 Regular Session - HB933 |url=http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/webmga/frmMain.aspx?id=hb0933&stab=01&pid=billpage&tab=subject3&ys=2019RS |website=mgaleg.maryland.gov |publisher=General Assembly of Maryland |accessdate=12 February 2019}}
48. ^{{cite web |title=MD - 2019 Regular Session - HB978 |url=http://mgaleg.maryland.gov/webmga/frmMain.aspx?id=hb0978&stab=01&pid=billpage&tab=subject3&ys=2019RS |website=mgaleg.maryland.gov |publisher=General Assembly of Maryland |accessdate=12 February 2019}}
49. ^{{cite web |title=Minnesota Legislature - HF271 - 91st Legislature (2019 - 2020) |url=https://www.revisor.mn.gov/bills/bill.php?b=House&f=HF271&ssn=0&y=2019 |website=revisor.mn.gov |publisher=Office of the Revisor of Statutes |accessdate=13 February 2019 |quote=Description: Abortion prohibited when a fetal heartbeat is detected with certain exceptions, and penalties provided.}}
50. ^{{cite news |last1=Ulmer |first1=Sarah |title=House and Senate pass HeartBeat bills out of Committee |url=https://yallpolitics.com/2019/02/05/house-and-senate-pass-heartbeat-bills-out-of-committee/ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Yall Politics |date=5 February 2019}}
51. ^{{cite web |title=2019 Regular Session - Senate Bill 2116 |url=http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2019/pdf/history/SB/SB2116.xml |publisher=Mississippi Legislative Bill Status System |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
52. ^{{cite web |title=2019 Regular Session - House Bill 732 |url=http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2019/pdf/history/HB/HB0732.xml |publisher=Mississippi Legislative Bill Status System |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
53. ^{{cite news |last1=Ulmer |first1=Sarah |title=House and Senate pass HeartBeat bills out of Committee |url=https://yallpolitics.com/2019/02/05/house-and-senate-pass-heartbeat-bills-out-of-committee/ |accessdate=9 February 2019 |publisher=Yall Politics |date=5 February 2019}}
54. ^{{cite news |last1=Wagster Pettus |first1=Emily |title=Mississippi advances ban on abortion after fetal heartbeat |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/mississippi-advances-ban-on-abortion-after-fetal-heartbeat/2019/02/13/e79f5e36-2fec-11e9-8781-763619f12cb4_story.html?utm_term=.8b18b34d4afa |accessdate=14 February 2019 |publisher=The Washington Post |date=13 February 2019 |quote=The Republican-controlled Mississippi House and Senate passed separate bills Wednesday to ban most abortions once a fetal heartbeat is detected, about six weeks into pregnancy.}}
55. ^{{cite news |title=Fetal heartbeat bill heads to governor |url=https://www.wtok.com/content/news/Fetal-heartbeat-bill-heads-to-governor-507366911.html |accessdate=19 March 2019 |publisher=WTOK 11 (ABC) |date=19 March 2019}}
56. ^{{cite news |last1=Singman |first1=Brooke |title=Mississippi Gov. Bryant signs 'heartbeat bill,' enacting one of strictest abortion laws in nation |url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/mississippi-gov-bryant-signs-heartbeat-bill-enacting-one-of-strictest-abortion-laws-in-nation |accessdate=23 March 2019 |publisher=Fox News |date=22 March 2019}}
57. ^{{cite web |title=2019 Regular Session - House Bill 529 |url=http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2019/pdf/history/HB/HB0529.xml |publisher=Mississippi Legislative Bill Status System |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/HB226/2018|title=MS HB226 - 2018 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/SB2143/2018|title=MS SB2143 - 2018 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/HB1509/2018|title=MS HB1509 - 2018 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/HB1198/2017|title=MS HB1198 - 2017 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/SB2562/2017|title=MS SB2562 - 2017 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/SB2584/2017|title=MS SB2584 - 2017 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
64. ^{{cite web |title=2014 Regular Session - Senate Bill 2807 |url=http://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/2014/pdf/history/SB/SB2807.xml |publisher=Mississippi Legislative Bill Status System |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/SB2807/2014|title=MS SB2807 - 2014 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
66. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/MS/bill/HB6/2013|title=MS HB6 - 2013 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=https://legiscan.com/MO/bill/HB126/2019|title=MO HB126 - 2019 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=https://legiscan.com/MO/bill/SB139/2019|title=MO SB139 - 2019 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
69. ^{{cite web |title=100th General Assembly, 1st Regular Session - HB126 |url=https://www.house.mo.gov/Bill.aspx?bill=HB126&year=2019&code=R |publisher=Missouri House of Representatives |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
70. ^{{cite web |title=MO HB126 - 2019 - Regular Session |url=https://legiscan.com/MO/bill/HB126/2019 |website=LegiScan.com |accessdate=16 February 2019 |location=History |quote=2019-01-30 House Referred: Children and Families; 2019-02-12 House Public Hearing Completed}}
71. ^{{cite web |title=House and Senate Joint Bill Tracking - 2019 Regular Session - HB126 |url=https://www.house.mo.gov/LegislationSP.aspx |website=house.mo.gov |publisher=Missouri House of Representatives |accessdate=26 February 2019 |quote=Date/Last Action: 2/21/2019 - Reported Do Pass (H)}}
72. ^{{cite news |last1=Cole |first1=Ashley |title=Bill to ban fetal heartbeat abortion in Missouri goes to House next |url=https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/bill-to-ban-fetal-heartbeat-abortion-in-missouri-goes-to-house-next/63-accdfc5b-e78e-4505-b5e3-3edc903d0e60 |accessdate=26 February 2019 |agency=NBC 5 |publisher=KSDK-TV |date=21 February 2019 |quote=The bill to ban fetal heartbeat abortion will go to the Missouri House next. The rules committee met Thursday morning.}}
73. ^{{cite news |author1=Associated Press |title=MO House passes fetal heartbeat bill; legislation moves to the Senate |url=https://khqa.com/news/local/mo-house-passes-fetal-heartbeat-bill-legislation-moves-to-the-senate |accessdate=28 February 2019 |publisher=ABC 7 - KHQA |date=28 February 2019}}
74. ^{{cite news |last1=Ballentine |first1=Summer |title=Abortion bill could cost Missouri $7B in Medicaid funding |url=https://apnews.com/7fc1446ab98c4f508ea01af65884f644 |accessdate=16 February 2019 |agency=Associated Press |publisher=apnews.com |date=14 February 2019 |quote=Republican House Speaker Elijah Haahr on Thursday called a bill to ban most abortions after a fetal heartbeat is detected a priority}}
75. ^{{cite news |last1=McKinley |first1=Edward |last2=Woodall |first2=Hunter |title=With eye on Supreme Court, Missouri Republicans file flurry of anti-abortion bills |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article225557505.html |accessdate=16 February 2019 |publisher=The Kansas City Star |date=12 February 2019 |quote=Haahr said he supports the “heartbeat bill” and that some form of anti-abortion legislation will definitely pass the House this year.}}
76. ^{{cite news |last1=McKinley |first1=Edward |last2=Woodall |first2=Hunter |title=With eye on Supreme Court, Missouri Republicans file flurry of anti-abortion bills |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article225557505.html |accessdate=16 February 2019 |publisher=The Kansas City Star |date=12 February 2019 |quote=Gov. Mike Parson, asked if he would sign such legislation, said: “I’ve been pro-life my entire career, and I support that all the time… I’m going to support pro-life.”}}
77. ^{{cite web|title=N.D. governor approves 6-week abortion ban, says constitutionality is "open question"|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/nd-governor-approves-6-week-abortion-ban-says-constitutionality-is-open-question/|website=CBS News|publisher=CBS News|accessdate=7 December 2016}}
78. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2015/07/north_dakota_fetal_heartbeat_bill_court_opinion_an_anti_science_states_rights.html | title=A Regrettable Decision | work=Slate | date=23 July 2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015 | author=Lithwick, Dahlia}}
79. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/north-dakota-appeals-ruling-overturning-fetal-heartbeat-abortion-ban/ | title=N.D. makes next move after controversial abortion law overturned | work=CBS News | date=14 May 2014 | accessdate=11 August 2015 | author=Associated Press}}
80. ^{{cite web|last1=Williams|first1=Pete|title=Supreme Court Rejects North Dakota Appeal on Abortion Restrictions|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/supreme-court-rejects-north-dakota-appeal-abortion-restrictions-n503741|website=NBC News|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=7 December 2016}}
81. ^{{cite news |last1=Kalser |first1=Karen |title=Heartbeat Bill Gets First Hearing For What Could Be Its Last Time Through The Legislature |url=http://www.statenews.org/post/heartbeat-bill-gets-first-hearing-what-could-be-its-last-time-through-legislature |accessdate=22 February 2019 |publisher=The Statehouse News Bureau |date=13 February 2019 |quote=It’s the fifth time the Heartbeat Bill has been proposed. Republican House Speaker Larry Householder says he wants it to start in the Senate this time. But Rep. Ron Hood (R-Ashville) joined with fellow Republican Candice Keller (R-Middletown) to propose it in the House anyway, though he’s on board with the Senate version too.}}
82. ^{{cite news |title=Ohio abortion 'heartbeat bill' returns to Legislature |url=https://www.wlwt.com/article/ohio-abortion-heartbeat-bill-returns-to-legislature/26301586 |agency=The Associated Press |publisher=WLWT5 (NBC) |date=12 February 2019}}
83. ^{{cite web |title=133rd General Assembly - House Bill 68 |url=https://www.legislature.ohio.gov/legislation/legislation-summary?id=GA133-HB-68 |website=legislature.ohio.gov |publisher=The Ohio Legislature |accessdate=13 February 2019}}
84. ^{{cite news |last1=Frazin |first1=Rachel |title=Ohio lawmakers reintroduce 'heartbeat' abortion bill |url=https://thehill.com/news-by-subject/healthcare/429683-ohio-legislators-reintroduce-heartbeat-bill |accessdate=13 February 2019 |publisher=thehill.com |date=12 February 2019}}
85. ^{{cite web |title=OH SB23 | 2019-2020 | 133rd General Assembly |url=https://legiscan.com/OH/bill/SB23/2019 |website=legiscan.com |accessdate=22 February 2019 |quote=Status: Introduced on February 12 2019 . . . Action: 2019-02-13 - Refer to Committee: Health, Human Services and Medicaid}}
86. ^{{cite news |last1=Kalser |first1=Karen |title=Senate President Says “Heartbeat Bill” Will Pass His Chamber Next Month |url=http://www.statenews.org/post/senate-president-says-heartbeat-bill-will-pass-his-chamber-next-month |accessdate=22 February 2019 |publisher=The Statehouse News Bureau |date=21 February 2019 |quote=“We are going to pass that bill by the middle of March. I have no doubt at all,” said Senate President Larry Obhof (R-Medina).}}
87. ^{{cite news |last1=Kaplan |first1=Talia |title=Ohio ‘heartbeat’ abortion ban passes Senate as governor vows to sign it |url=https://www.foxnews.com/faith-values/ohio-heartbeat-abortion-ban-closer-to-becoming-law |accessdate=19 March 2019 |publisher=Fox News |date=14 March 2019}}
88. ^{{cite web|url=http://archives.legislature.state.oh.us/bills.cfm?ID=129_HB_125|title=Laws, Acts, and Legislation|work=state.oh.us}}
89. ^{{cite web|url=http://thinkprogress.org/health/2012/11/28/1248331/ohio-lawmakers-give-up/|title=Ohio Lawmakers Give Up On Anti-Choice Legislation|work=ThinkProgress}}
90. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/44879242/ns/politics-more_politics/t/abortion-foes-push-fetal-heartbeat-bills-states/|title=Abortion foes push fetal heartbeat bills in states|work=msnbc.com}}
91. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.toledoblade.com/Politics/2013/07/08/Both-sides-of-debate-find-Ohio-abortion-law-decision-to-be-historic.html#YcqIPjQgpUhlWiy3.99 | title=Both sides of debate find Ohio abortion law decision to be historic | work=Toledo Blade | date=8 July 2013 | accessdate=28 July 2013 | author=Provance, Jim}}
92. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/public/2013/08/15/heartbeat-bill-reintroduced.html | title=Fate unclear for new anti-abortion ‘heartbeat bill’ | publisher=Columbus Dispatch | date=15 August 2013 | accessdate=23 August 2013 | author=Hallett, Joe}}
93. ^{{cite web|url=http://archives.legislature.state.oh.us/bills.cfm?ID=130_HB_248|title=Laws, Acts, and Legislation|work=state.oh.us}}
94. ^{{cite web | url=http://college.usatoday.com/2015/04/06/ohio-abortion-bill-creating-controversy-among-college-women/ | title=Ohio abortion bill creating controversy among college women | work=USA Today | date=6 April 2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015 | author=Oates, Lindsey J.}}
95. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/mar/25/ohio-anti-abortion-heartbeat-bill-passes-house | title=Ohio anti-abortion 'heartbeat bill' passes in house but likely to face opposition | work=The Guardian | date=25 March 2015 | accessdate=11 August 2015 | author=Siddiqui, Sabrina}}
96. ^{{cite web|last1=Cadinsky|first1=Catherine|last2=Ludlow|first2=Randy|last3=Siegel|first3=Jim|title=House joins Senate in approving heartbeat abortion bill|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2016/12/06/ohio-senate-passes-heartbeat-bill.html|website=The Columbus Dispatch|publisher=The Columbus Dispatch|accessdate=7 December 2016}}
97. ^{{cite web|title=House Bill 493, As Passed By The Senate|url=http://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/solarapi/v1/general_assembly_131/bills/hb493/PS/04?format=pdf|website=The Ohio Legislature|publisher=The Ohio Legislature, 131st General Assembly|accessdate=7 December 2016|page=46|format=PDF|date=6 December 2016|quote=Sec. 2919.195. (A) Except as provided in division (B) of this section, no person shall knowingly and purposefully perform or induce an abortion on a pregnant woman with the specific intent of causing or abetting the termination of the life of the unborn human individual the pregnant woman is carrying and whose fetal heartbeat has been detected in accordance with division (A) of section 2919.192 of the Revised Code. Whoever violates this division is guilty of performing or inducing an abortion after the detection of a fetal heartbeat, a felony of the fifth degree. (B) Division (A) of this section does not apply to a physician who performs a medical procedure that, in the physician's reasonable medical judgment, is designed or intended to prevent the death of the pregnant woman or to prevent a serious risk of the substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function of the pregnant woman. A physician who performs a medical procedure as described in this division shall declare, in a written document, that the medical procedure is necessary, to the best of the physician's reasonable medical judgment, to prevent the death of the pregnant woman or to prevent a serious risk of the substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function of the pregnant woman. In the document, the physician shall specify the pregnant woman's medical condition that the medical procedure is asserted to address and the medical rationale for the physician's conclusion that the medical procedure is necessary to prevent the death of the pregnant woman or to prevent a serious risk of the substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function of the pregnant woman. A physician who performs a medical procedure as described in this division shall place the written document required by this division in the pregnant woman's medical records. The physician shall maintain a copy of the document in the physician's own records for at least seven years from the date the document is created. (C) A person is not in violation of division (A) of this section if the person acts in accordance with division (A) of section 2919.192 of the Revised Code and the method used to determine the presence of a fetal heartbeat does not reveal a fetal heartbeat. (D) Division (A) of this section does not have the effect of repealing or limiting any other provision of the Revised Code that restricts or regulates the performance or inducement of an abortion by a particular method or during a particular stage of a pregnancy.}}
98. ^{{cite web|last1=Higgs|first1=Robert|title=Gov. John Kasich vetoes anti-abortion Heartbeat Bill, signs 20-week abortion ban|url=http://www.cleveland.com/open/index.ssf/2016/12/gov_john_kasich_vetos_anti-abo.html|website=Cleveland.com|accessdate=December 6, 2017|location=Columbus|date=December 13, 2016}}
99. ^{{Cite news |url=https://newsok.com/article/3670496/oklahoma-governor-signs-fetal-heartbeat-bill/ |title=Oklahoma governor signs fetal heartbeat bill |date=April 28, 2012 |work=NewsOK.com |access-date=March 4, 2019 |language=en-US}}
100. ^{{cite web |title=Regular Session 2017-2018 - House Bill 2315 |url=https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billInfo/billInfo.cfm?sYear=2017&sInd=0&body=H&type=B&bn=2315 |website=legis.state.pa.us |publisher=Pennsylvania General Assembly |accessdate=16 February 2019 |quote=Referred to JUDICIARY, May 2, 2018 [House]}}
101. ^{{cite web |title=PA HB2315 | 2017-2018 | Regular Session |url=https://legiscan.com/PA/bill/HB2315/2017 |website=legiscan.com |publisher=Legi Scan |accessdate=16 February 2019 |quote=Status: Introduced on May 2 2018 - 25% progression, died in committee Action: 2018-05-02 - Referred to JUDICIARY}}
102. ^{{cite web |title=SC - 123rd General Assembly - House Bill 3020 |url=https://legiscan.com/SC/bill/H3020/2019 |publisher=LegisScan |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
103. ^{{cite web |title=SC - 123rd General Assembly - House Bill 3020 |url=https://legiscan.com/SC/drafts/H3020/2019 |publisher=LegisScan |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
104. ^{{cite web |title=SC - 122nd General Assembly - House Bill 5403 |url=https://legiscan.com/SC/bill/H5403/2018 |publisher=LegiScan |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
105. ^{{cite web |title=TN HB0077 | 2019-2020 | 111th General Assembly |url=https://legiscan.com/TN/bill/HB0077/2019 |website=legiscan.com |publisher=Legi Scan |accessdate=21 February 2019 |quote=Summary: As introduced, prohibits abortions from the point a fetal heartbeat is detected}}
106. ^{{cite web |title=TN SB1236 | 2019-2020 | 111th General Assembly |url=https://legiscan.com/TN/bill/SB1236/2019 |website=legiscan.com |publisher=Legi Scna |accessdate=21 February 2019 |quote=Summary: As introduced, prohibits abortions from the point a fetal heartbeat is detected}}
107. ^{{cite news |last1=Wadhwani |first1=Anita |title='Heartbeat' abortion ban advances in Tennessee legislature |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2019/02/20/heartbeat-abortion-ban-advances-tennessee-legislature/2926802002/ |accessdate=20 February 2019 |agency=USA Today Network |publisher=Tennessean |date=20 February 2019 |quote=A bill that would outlaw abortions in Tennessee after a fetal heartbeat can be detected advanced out of a legislative subcommittee on Wednesday. The measure, proposed by state Rep. Micah Van Huss, R-Jonesborough, and state Sen. Mark Pody, R-Lebanon, would make it a crime to perform an abortion in Tennessee once a fetal heartbeat can be detected — which typically occurs in the early weeks of a woman's pregnancy.}}
108. ^{{cite news |last1=Kruesi |first1=Kimberlee |title=Abortion: Tennessee lawmakers advance fetal heartbeat bill |url=https://www.wate.com/news/tennessee/tennessee-advances-fetal-heartbeat-bill/1811844041 |accessdate=26 February 2019 |agency=Associated Press |publisher=ABC 6 |date=26 February 2019 |quote=Republicans on the House Health Committee voted 15-4 to send the legislation to the House floor for a full vote}}
109. ^{{cite news |last1=Wadhwani |first1=Anita |title=Bill that bans abortions in Tennessee after fetal heart beat sails through House committee |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2019/02/26/tennessee-fetal-heartbeat-abortion-bill-sails-through-committee-vote-likely/2990399002/ |accessdate=26 February 2019 |agency=USA Today Network |publisher=Tennessean |date=26 February 2019 |quote=A House committee voted 15-4 in favor of a bill that would ban most abortions in Tennessee, getting one step closer to a vote by the legislature on one of the most restrictive abortion bans in the nation. The so-called "fetal heartbeat" bill is making its way through Senate committees, but easily passed early hurdles. Tuesday's vote in the health committee means the bill moves on to a vote by the House of Representatives.}}
110. ^{{cite news |last1=Samuels |first1=Brett |title=Tennessee state House passes 'fetal heartbeat' abortion ban |url=https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/433039-tennessee-state-house-passes-bill-banning-abortions-after-fetal-heartbeat |accessdate=8 March 2019 |publisher=The Hill |date=8 March 2019 |quote=The Tennessee House of Representatives passed a bill on Thursday that would outlaw abortions in the state after a fetus has a detectable heartbeat. . . The legislation passed 66-21.}}
111. ^{{cite web |title=Representative Cain Files The Texas Heartbeat Bill |url=https://house.texas.gov/news/press-releases/?id=6703 |website=house.texas.gov |publisher=Texas House of Representatives |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
112. ^{{cite web |title=Texas Legislature Online - 86 History for HB 1500 |url=https://capitol.texas.gov/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=86R&Bill=HB1500 |publisher=Texas Legislature |accessdate=9 February 2019}}
113. ^{{cite news |last1=Young |first1=Stephen |title=More Than a Third of the Texas House Is Backing a Stealth Abortion Ban |url=https://www.dallasobserver.com/news/watch-out-for-texas-gops-new-de-facto-abortion-ban-11575599 |accessdate=26 February 2019 |publisher=Dallas Observer |date=26 February 2019 |quote=Fifty-seven of the 150 member body of the Texas House have signed on as authors, co-authors or sponsors of Cain's legislation.}}
114. ^{{cite news |last1=Camarillo |first1=Vicky |title=The ‘Fetal Heartbeat’ Bill Has 57 Authors. All but 3 of them Are Men. |url=https://www.texasobserver.org/the-fetal-heartbeat-bill-has-57-authors-all-but-3-of-them-are-men/ |accessdate=26 February 2019 |publisher=Texas Observer |date=26 February 2019 |quote=Former state Senator Wendy Davis called the bill “the most dangerous I’ve ever seen” in a call to action last week.}}
115. ^{{cite web|url=http://thinkprogress.org/health/2013/07/18/2326191/texas-heartbeat-bill/|title=Texas Legislators File Radical 'Fetal Heartbeat' Bill To Ban Abortion After Just Six Weeks - ThinkProgress|work=ThinkProgress}}
116. ^{{cite web|title=Texas Legislature Online - 83(2) History for HB 59|url=http://www.legis.state.tx.us/BillLookup/History.aspx?LegSess=832&Bill=HB59|website=Texas Legislature Online|publisher=Texas Legislature|accessdate=7 December 2016}}
117. ^{{cite web |title=WV - 2019 Regular Session - HB2903 |url=http://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_history.cfm?INPUT=2903&year=2019&sessiontype=RS |website=wvlegislature.gov |publisher=West Virginia Legislature |accessdate=12 February 2019}}
118. ^{{cite web |title=WV - 2019 Regular Session - HB2915 |url=http://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_history.cfm?INPUT=2915&year=2019&sessiontype=RS |website=wvlegislature.gov |publisher=West Virginia Legislature |accessdate=12 February 2019}}
119. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://trib.com/news/state-and-regional/govt-and-politics/wyoming-house-panel-votes-down-abortion-bill/article_bb56bab3-9ce9-5b40-a968-559b0e155e07.html | title=Wyoming House Panel votes down abortion bill | work=Casper Star-Tribune | date=January 29, 2013 | accessdate=28 July 2013 | author=Hancock, Laura}}
120. ^{{cite web|url=http://legiscan.com/WY/bill/HB0097/2013|title=WY HB0097 - 2013 - Regular Session|work=LegiScan}}
121. ^{{cite web |title=Arkansas Human Heartbeat Protection Act (SB 134) |url=https://rewire.news/legislative-tracker/law/arkansas-human-heartbeat-protection-act/ |website=rewire.news |accessdate=10 February 2019}}
122. ^{{cite web |title=Heartbeat Bans |url=https://rewire.news/legislative-tracker/law-topic/heartbeat-bans/ |website=rewire.news |accessdate=10 February 2019 |quote=In January 2016, The U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case, leaving the Eighth Circuit’s ruling in place.}}
123. ^{{cite web |title=PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF THE HEARTLAND, INC., EMMA GOLDMAN CLINIC, and JILL MEADOWS, M.D., v. KIM REYNOLDS ex rel. STATE OF IOWA and IOWA BOARD OF MEDICINE |url=https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/IowaAbortion.pdf |website=CourthouseNews.com |publisher=Courthouse News Service |accessdate=10 February 2019 |format=PDF |date=15 May 2018}}
124. ^{{cite web |author1=ACLU Iowa |title=ACLU, PLANNED PARENTHOOD, EMMA GOLDMAN CLINIC FILE LAWSUIT TO BLOCK IOWA ABORTION LAW |url=https://www.aclu-ia.org/en/news/aclu-planned-parenthood-emma-goldman-clinic-file-lawsuit-block-iowa-abortion-law |website=aclu.ia.org |publisher=American Civil Liberties Union and the ACLU Foundation |accessdate=10 February 2019 |date=15 May 2018 |quote=The lawsuit is being filed by the ACLU of Iowa and the Planned Parenthood Federation of America as co-counsel on behalf of Planned Parenthood of the Heartland and Dr. Jill Meadows. The Emma Goldman Clinic of Iowa City is also a co-plaintiff in the case.}}
125. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.aclu-ia.org/en/news/aclu-planned-parenthood-others-file-lawsuit-block-iowa-abortion-law |title=ACLU, Planned Parenthood & Others File Lawsuit to Block Iowa Abortion Law |date=2018-05-14 |website=ACLU of Iowa |language=en |access-date=2018-05-21}}
126. ^{{cite news |last1=Gruber-Miller |first1=Stephen |title=Judge temporarily blocks Iowa's 'fetal heartbeat' law while lawsuit is resolved |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/crime-and-courts/2018/06/01/fetal-heartbeat-abortion-law-lawsuit-challenge-injunction-planned-parenthood-thomas-more-court/659529002/ |accessdate=10 February 2019 |publisher=Des Moine Register |date=1 June 2018}}
127. ^{{cite news |last1=Leys |first1=Tony |title=Iowa 'fetal heartbeat' abortion restriction declared unconstitutional |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/01/23/iowa-fetal-heartbeat-abortion-law-ruling/2655252002/ |accessdate=10 February 2019 |publisher=USA Today |date=23 January 2019}}
128. ^{{cite news |last1=Leys |first1=Tony |title=Iowa 'fetal heartbeat' abortion restriction declared unconstitutional |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/01/23/iowa-fetal-heartbeat-abortion-law-ruling/2655252002/ |accessdate=10 February 2019 |publisher=USA Today |date=23 January 2019 |quote=In his decision striking down the abortion law, Polk County District Judge Michael Huppert cited the Iowa Supreme Court's ruling last year in a challenge to a different abortion-restriction law. The high court held that "a woman's right to decide whether to terminate a pregnancy is a fundamental right under the Iowa Constitution" in that ruling.}}
129. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/crime-and-courts/2018/05/01/roe-v-wade-fetal-heartbeat-lawsuit-supreme-court-iowa-republican/442359002/ |title=Republicans hope a challenge to Iowa's fetal heartbeat bill will overturn Roe v. Wade. How would that work? |date=2018-05-01 |website=Des Moines Register |language=en |access-date=2018-10-29}}
130. ^{{cite news |last1=Freiburger |first1=Calvin |title=Iowa Senate panel passes law declaring no ‘right to abortion’ |url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/iowa-pro-lifers-push-amendment-to-curb-judicial-activism-declare-no-right-t |accessdate=14 February 2019 |publisher=Life Site Nerws |date=7 February 2019 |quote=The proposal is a direct response to Judge Michael Huppert ruling that the state’s heartbeat abortion ban, enacted last year, violates the state Constitution}}
131. ^{{cite web |title=Text of Senate Joint Resolution 9-Introduced |url=https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/publications/LGI/88/attachments/SJR9.html |website=legis.iowa.gov |publisher=Iowa Legislature |accessdate=14 February 2019 |quote=A Joint Resolution proposing anamendment to the Constitution of the State of Iowa that the Constitution of the State of Iowa does not secure or protect a right to or require the funding of abortion.}}
132. ^{{cite web |title=IA SJR9 - 2019-2020 - 88th General Assembly |url=https://legiscan.com/IA/bill/SJR9/2019 |website=legiscan.com |accessdate=14 February 2019 |quote=Introduced: on January 24, 2019}}
133. ^{{cite web |title=IA HJR5 - 2019-2020 - 88th General Assembly |url=https://legiscan.com/IA/bill/HJR5/2019 |website=legiscan.com |accessdate=14 February 2019 |quote=Introduced: on February 6, 2019}}
134. ^{{cite news |last1=Freiburger |first1=Calvin |title=Iowa Senate panel passes law declaring no ‘right to abortion’ |url=https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/iowa-pro-lifers-push-amendment-to-curb-judicial-activism-declare-no-right-t |accessdate=14 February 2019 |publisher=Life Site Nerws |date=7 February 2019 |quote=The amendment, introduced by Republican state Sen. Jake Chapman and backed by more than half the members of the state Senate, simply says that the Iowa Constitution “does not secure or protect a right to abortion,” the Associated Press reports. That would ensure that future pro-life measures could not be declared unconstitutional at the state level.}}
135. ^{{cite news |last1=Pieklo |first1=Jessica Mason |title=Federal Court Blocks North Dakota Heartbeat Ban, Calls on the Supreme Court to Overturn ‘Roe’ |url=Federal Court Blocks North Dakota Heartbeat Ban, Calls on the Supreme Court to Overturn ‘Roe’ |accessdate=10 February 2019 |publisher=Rewire News |date=22 July 2015}}
136. ^{{cite web |title=Heartbeat Bans |url=https://rewire.news/legislative-tracker/law-topic/heartbeat-bans/ |website=rewire.news |accessdate=10 February 2019 |quote=As with Arkansas’ law, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to review the case. The law remains permanently blocked.}}
137. ^ (https://www.apnews.com/8880e47289e946ddba3fbc3e8a64efea)
138. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2011/03/ohios-heartbeat-abortion-bill-skips-beat | title=Ohio's "Heartbeat" Abortion Bill Moves Forward | work=Mother Jones | accessdate=28 July 2013 | author=Quraishi, Jen}}
139. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://reproductiverights.org/en/press-room/new-republic-fetal-heartbeat-abortion-laws-are-dangerous-even-if-judges-reject-them | title=New Republic: Fetal-Heartbeat Abortion Laws Are Dangerous Even If Judges Reject Them | publisher=Center for Reproductive Rights | date=1 April 2013 | accessdate=4 August 2013 | author=Redden, Molly}}
140. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.suntimes.com/opinions/21548271-474/a-fleeting-victory-for-abortion-rights.html | title=A Fleeting Victory for Abortion Rights | work=Chicago Sun-Times | date=28 July 2013 | accessdate=5 August 2013}}
141. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pamedsoc.org/HomePageNews/Womens-Right-to-Know.html |title=Vote on Controversial Ultrasound Bill Delayed: Medical Community’s Concerns Must be Addressed |work=Pennsylvania Medical Society Website |date=19 March 2012 |accessdate=30 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319173301/http://www.pamedsoc.org/HomePageNews/Womens-Right-to-Know.html |archivedate=March 19, 2012 }}
142. ^{{cite web | url=http://tv.msnbc.com/2013/07/22/nds-fetal-heartbeat-abortion-ban-invalid-and-unconstitutional-says-federal-judge/ | title=Judge calls ND’s ‘fetal heartbeat’ abortion ban unconstitutional | work=MSNBC | date=22 July 2013 | accessdate=31 July 2013 | author=Margolin, Emma}}
143. ^{{cite web|url=http://blog.chron.com/texaspolitics/2012/02/judge-doesnt-back-down-in-sonogram-ruling/|title=Judge doesn’t back down in sonogram ruling|work=Texas Politics}}
144. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/hr3130|title=Heartbeat Informed Consent Act (2011; 112th Congress H.R. 3130) - GovTrack.us|work=GovTrack.us}}
145. ^{{cite web|url=http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2012/04/25/lousiana-senate-approves-heartbeat-bill-while-committee-creates-new-criminal-pena/|title=Louisiana Senate Approves "Heartbeat" Bill While Committee Creates New Criminal Penalties For Abortion Providers|work=RH Reality Check}}
146. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.health.state.ga.us/wrtk/ |title=Abortion: A Women's Right to Know |publisher=Georgia Department of Public Health |accessdate=30 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824235326/http://health.state.ga.us/wrtk/ |archivedate=24 August 2013 |df= }}
147. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/billinfo.cfm?syear=2011&body=H&type=B&BN=1077 | title=Session 2011-2012 House Bill 1077 | work=Pennsylvania General Assembly website | date=12 March 2012 | accessdate=30 July 2013}}
148. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/15/tom-corbett-ultrasound-bill-pennsylvania_n_1348801.html | title=Tom Corbett, Pennsylvania Governor, On Ultrasound Mandate: Just 'Close Your Eyes' | work=Huffington Post | date=15 March 2012 | accessdate=30 July 2013 | author=Bassett, Laura}}
149. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.pewforum.org/2013/01/16/a-history-of-key-abortion-rulings-of-the-us-supreme-court/ | title=A History of Key Abortion Rulings of the U.S. Supreme Court | publisher=Pew Research Center | date=16 January 2013 | accessdate=1 August 2013 |author1=Masci, David |author2=Lupi, Ira }}
150. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Kan-officials-resist-push-for-anti-abortion-bill-4695970.php | title=Kan. officials resist push for anti-abortion bill | work=San Francisco Chronicle | date=30 July 2013 | accessdate=2 August 2013 | author=Hanna, John}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}{{Abortion}}

1 : United States abortion law
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