| 词条 | Rationalis |
| 释义 |
A rationalis was a high-ranking fiscal officer in the Roman Empire.{{Sfn|Bunson|2002|p=466}} Until replaced by the comes sacrarum largitionum by Emperor Constantine in the early 4th century, the rationalis summarum – comparable to a modern-day finance minister – was one of two state officials who had authority over the imperial treasury, the other one being the rationalis rei privatae (manager of imperial estates and city properties).{{Sfn|Bunson|2002|p=466}}{{Sfn|Bowman et al.|2005|pp=319, 380}} Examples for tasks that were performed by a rationalis are "the collection of all normal taxes and duties, the control of currency and the administration of mines and mints".{{Sfn|Bunson|2002|p=466}} Each province also had various classes of rationales,{{Sfn|Seeck|1876|pp=36, 148–149}} and Emperor Diocletian's administrative reforms had mirrored the dual structure on the diocesis–level, instituting the local positions rationalis summarum and magister rei privatae above the procuratores.{{Sfn|Bowman et al.|2005|pp=319, 380}} The former continued to exist after the reforms, one example are the comes et rationalis summarum Aegypti.{{Sfn|Seeck|1876|pp=36, 148–149}}{{Efn|Eusebius mentions a martyr of early christianity by the name of Philoromus in his Historia Ecclesiastica who is supposed to have held the title rationalis ad diocesim Alexandriae, but Christensen suggests Eusebius' information may be unreliable and exaggerated.{{Sfn|Christensen|1989|pp=65–67}}}} In the 6th century, the post was increasingly rendered into its Greek equivalent, logothetes, which later was given to the senior fiscal secretaries of the middle Byzantine Empire (7th–12th centuries).{{sfn|Guilland|1971|pp=5–6}} See also
Notes{{Notelist}}CitationsReferences{{Refbegin}}
| editor-last =Bowman | editor-first =Alan | editor2-last =Cameron | editor2-first =Averil | editor3-last =Garnsey | editor3-first =Peter | display-editors =1 | date =2005 | title =The Cambridge Ancient History | edition ={{Ordinal|2|sup=yes}} | volume =Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337 | publisher =Cambridge University Press | publication-place =Cambridge, New York, etc. | isbn =9780521301992 | oclc =59138070 | url =http://www.cambridge.org/de/academic/subjects/classical-studies/ancient-history/cambridge-ancient-history-volume-12-2nd-edition | accessdate =17 December 2014 | via =[https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9780521301992 Google Books] | ref ={{harvid|Bowman et al.|2005}} }}
| last =Bunson | first =Matthew | date =2002 | origyear =1994 | title =Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire | edition =rev. | series =Facts on File library of world history | publisher =Facts on File | publication-place =New York | isbn =9780816045624 | issn =1555-8428 | oclc =47930574 | url =https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9781438110271 | accessdate =17 December 2014 }}
| last =Christensen | first =Torben | date =1989 | title =Rufinus of Aquileia and the Historia Ecclesiastica, Lib. VIII-IX, of Eusebius | series =Historik-filosofiske Meddelelser 58 | publisher =The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters | publication-place =Copenhagen | isbn =9788773041789 | issn =0106-0481 | oclc =21044222 | url =https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9788773041789 | accessdate =17 December 2014 }}
| last =Guilland | first =Rodolphe | date =1971 | title =Les Logothètes: Etudes sur l'histoire administrative de l'Empire byzantin | publisher =Institut français d'Etudes byzantines | publication-place =Paris | language =fr | journal =Revue des études byzantines | volume = 29, 1971 | issue =29 | pages =5–115 | doi =10.3406/rebyz.1971.1441 | oclc =4245500 | url =http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/rebyz_0766-5598_1971_num_29_1_1441 | accessdate =17 December 2014 | ref =harv }}
| editor-last =Seeck | editor-first =Otto | date =1876 | title =Notitia Dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia Urbis Constantinopolitanae et Laterculi Prouinciarum | publisher =Apud Weidmannos | publication-place =Berlin | language =la | lccn =06004446 | oclc =10027454 | ol =6965622M | accessdate =17 December 2014 | url =https://archive.org/details/notitiadignitat00seecgoog | ref ={{harvid|Seeck|1876}} }}{{Refend}}{{italic title}}{{AncientRome-stub}} 2 : Ancient Roman titles|Economy of ancient Rome |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。