| 词条 | Ficus cyathistipula |
| 释义 |
|name = Ficus cyathistipula |image = Ficus cyathistipula kz2.JPG |image_caption = Specimen in Maspalomas Botanical Garden, Gran Canaria. |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Rosales |familia = Moraceae |genus = Ficus |species = F. cyathistipula |binomial = Ficus cyathistipula |binomial_authority = Warb. |synonyms =
}}'Ficus cyathistipula', the African fig tree, is a species of fig that is native to the tropical forest regions of Africa.[2] They may be small trees, shrubs or hemi-epiphytic lianas, and are widespread in the moist tropics, where they may be found in Afromontane or rainforest, often overhanging pools.[3] The figs are reddish when ripe, and have thick, spongy walls that enable them to float on water.[3] They are named for their cup-shaped (cyathus-) and persistent stipules (stipula).[3] Range and habitatIt ranges from the Ivory Coast in the west, to western Kenya and northern Malawi in the east. In the south it occurs in northern Angola, northern Zambia, and at Mount Namuli in Zambezia, Mozambique.[4] They grow beside forested streams or rivers, or in swamps where they overhang pools,[5] and on inselbergs and rock outcrops, from sea level to 1,800 m.[2] DescriptionFicus cyathistipula is an evergreen tree, growing to {{convert|5|m|ft}} in height. It has dark and flaky bark. The trunk is thin and branches readily,[3] and may form adventitious roots for support.[5]The dark, glabrous and leathery leaves are up to 7 cm wide and some 20 cm long.[2] Their venation is limited to some 5 to 8 lateral nerves.[3] The leaves are ovoid to oblanceolate[2] and blunt towards the tip, except near the leaf spine. They are arranged in a spiral, on petioles of up to 4 cm long.[3] The globose syconia (i.e. figs) grow solitary or up to three together in leaf axils, on peduncles of up to 2.5 cm long, or may be sessile. They measure up to 5 cm in diameter and are initially greenish yellow to whitish,[3] and flecked pale yellow, but ripen to a reddish colour. SubspeciesSubspecies include:
Species associationsFicus cyathistipula subsp. cyathistipula is pollinated by Agaon fasciatum Waterston.. Ficus cyathistipula subsp. pringsheimiana, which is endemic to West Africaan lowland rainforests in Cameroon and Gabon, is pollinated by the wasp Agaon kiellandi Wiebes..[7]References1. ^{{cite web |title=Ficus cyathistipula Warb., Synonyms |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2810127 |work=The Plant List |publisher= |accessdate=16 November 2014}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=van Noort |first1=S., Rasplus, J. |title=Ficus cyathistipula cyathistipula Warburg 1894 |url=http://www.figweb.org/Ficus/Subgenus_Urostigma/Section_Galoglychia/Subsection_Cyathistipulae/Ficus_cyathistipula_cyathistipula.htm |website=Figweb |publisher=Iziko Museums |accessdate=16 November 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033847/http://www.figweb.org/Ficus/Subgenus_Urostigma/Section_Galoglychia/Subsection_Cyathistipulae/Ficus_cyathistipula_cyathistipula.htm |archivedate=29 November 2014 |df= }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title=Ficus cyathistipula |url=http://mediambient.itineraris.bcn.cat/en/node/263/365 |website=Barcelona pel Medi Ambient: Green Spaces |accessdate=17 November 2014}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Van Noort |first1=S. |last2=Gardiner |first2=A. J. |last3=Tolley |first3=K. A. |title=New records of Ficus (Moraceae) species emphasize the conservation significance of inselbergs in Mozambique |journal=South African Journal of Botany |date=November 2007 |volume=73 |issue=4 |pages=642–649 |doi=10.1016/j.sajb.2007.04.063 |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0254629907003043 |accessdate=17 November 2014}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite web |last1=Bingham |first1=Mike |title=Ficus cyathistipula Warb. subsp. cyathistipula |url=http://www.zambiaflora.com/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=210790 |website=Flora of Zambia |publisher=zambiaflora.com |accessdate=17 November 2014}} 6. ^[https://www.gbif.org/species/118156098 Gbif.org: Ficus cyathistipula subsp. pringsheimiana'] 7. ^1 {{cite web|last1=van Noort |first1=S., Rasplus, J. |title=Ficus cyathistipula pringsheimiana (Braun & K. Schum.) C.C. Berg 1988 |url=http://www.figweb.org/Ficus/subgenus_urostigma/section_galoglychia/subsection_cyathistipulae/Ficus_cyathistipula_pringsheimiana.htm |website=Figweb |publisher=Iziko Museums |accessdate=16 November 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129033852/http://www.figweb.org/Ficus/subgenus_urostigma/section_galoglychia/subsection_cyathistipulae/Ficus_cyathistipula_pringsheimiana.htm |archivedate=29 November 2014 |df= }} External links{{Commons category-inline|Ficus cyathistipula|Ficus cyathistipula}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q15475138}} 7 : Ficus|Trees of Africa|Afrotropic ecozone flora|Flora of East Africa|Flora of Southern Africa|Flora of West Tropical Africa|Plants described in 1894 |
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