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词条 File integrity monitoring
释义

  1. Security objectives

  2. Compliance objectives

  3. Applications

  4. References

File integrity monitoring (FIM) is an internal control or process that performs the act of validating the integrity of operating system and application software files using a verification method between the current file state and a known, good baseline. This comparison method often involves calculating a known cryptographic checksum of the file's original baseline and comparing with the calculated checksum of the current state of the file.[1] Other file attributes can also be used to monitor integrity.[2]

Generally, the act of performing file integrity monitoring is automated using internal controls such as an application or process. Such monitoring can be performed randomly, at a defined polling interval, or in real-time.

Security objectives

Changes to configurations, files and file attributes across the IT infrastructure are common, but hidden within a large volume of daily changes can be the few that impact file or configuration integrity. These changes can also reduce security posture and in some cases may be leading indicators of a breach in progress. Values monitored for unexpected changes to files or configuration items include:

  • Credentials
  • Privileges and Security Settings
  • Content
  • Core attributes and size
  • Hash values
  • Configuration values

Compliance objectives

Multiple compliance objectives indicate file integrity monitoring as a requirement. Several examples of compliance objectives with the requirement for file integrity monitoring include:

  • PCI-DSS - Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (Requirement 11.5)[3]
  • SOX - Sarbanes-Oxley Act (Section 404)[4]
  • NERC CIP - NERC CIP Standard (CIP-010-2)[5]
  • FISMA - Federal Information Security Management Act (NIST SP800-53 Rev3)[6]
  • HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (NIST Publication 800-66)[7]
  • SANS Critical Security Controls (Control 3)[8]

Applications

Some examples include:

  • Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment
  • CimTrak[9][10]
  • CloudPassage
  • LogRhythm
  • McAfee Change Control
  • OSSEC
  • Qualys
  • Samhain
  • Splunk
  • System File Checker (provided with Windows)
  • Trend Micro Deep Security
  • Tripwire products
  • Trustwave
  • Verisys
  • Kaspersky Lab Hybrid Cloud Security, Embedded Security, Security for Linux, Security for Windows Server

References

1. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.ionx.co.uk/products/verisys/how-it-works |title= Verisys - How it Works |publisher= Ionx|accessdate=2012-09-21}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ncircle.com/index.php?s=products_ccm_file-integrity-monitoring|title=File Integrity Monitoring|publisher=nCircle|accessdate=2012-04-18}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/documents/pa-dss_v2.pdf|title=Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard|publisher=PCI Security Council |accessdate= 2011-10-11}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/rules/proposed/s74002/card941503.pdf|title=Sarbanes-Oxley Sections 302 & 404 - A White Paper Proposing Practival, Cost Effective Compliance Strategies|publisher=Card Decisions, Inc.|accessdate= 2011-10-11}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nerc.com/_layouts/PrintStandard.aspx?standardnumber=CIP-010-2&title=Cyber%20Security%20-%20Configuration%20Change%20Management%20and%20Vulnerability%20Assessments&jurisdiction=null|title=Standard CIP-010-2 - Security Configuration, Change Management and Vulnerability Assessments |publisher=North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC)|accessdate= 2016-06-06}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SMA/fisma/ics/documents/papers/Apply-SP-800-53-ICS-final-22Aug06.pdf|title=Applying NIST SP 800-53 to Industrial Control Systems|publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)|accessdate= 2011-10-11}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-66-Rev1/SP-800-66-Revision1.pdf|title=An Introductory Resource Guide for Implementing the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Security Rule|publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology|accessdate= 2011-10-11}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sans.org/critical-security-controls/control.php?id=3|title=Critical Control 3: Secure Configurations for Hardware and Software on Mobile Devices, Laptops, Workstations, and Servers|publisher=SANS Institute|accessdate=2012-11-19}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cimcor.com/cimtrak/features/file-integrity-monitoring/|title=CimTrak Integrity Suite|publisher=Cimcor, Inc |accessdate= 2018-10-11}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cimcor.com/blog/7-common-file-integrity-monitoring-software-configuration-mistakes|title=7 Common File Integrity Monitoring Software Configuration Mistakes|publisher=Cimcor, Inc |accessdate= 2019-01-20}}

3 : Change management|Computer security|Computer forensics
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