| 词条 | Ravenala |
| 释义 |
|image = Penang Malaysia Ravenala-madagascariensis-01.jpg |genus = Ravenala |parent_authority = Adans. |species = madagascariensis |authority = Sonn. }}Ravenala is a genus of flowering plants with a single species, Ravenala madagascariensis, commonly known as traveller's tree or traveller's palm, from Madagascar. It is not a true palm (family Arecaceae) but a member of a monocotyledonous flowering plant family, Strelitziaceae. The genus is closely related to the southern African genus Strelitzia and the South American genus Phenakospermum. Some older classifications include these genera in the banana family (Musaceae). Although it is usually considered to be a single species, four different forms have been distinguished.[1][2] NameIt has been granted the name "traveller's palm" because the sheaths of the stems hold rainwater, which supposedly could be used as an emergency drinking supply for needy travellers.[3] However, the water inside the plant is murky, black and smelly and should not be consumed without purification. Another plausible reason for its name is that the fan tends to grow on an east-west line, providing a crude compass.[4] The scientific name Ravenala comes from Malagasy ravinala meaning "forest leaves".[5] DescriptionThe enormous paddle-shaped leaves are borne on long petioles, in a distinctive fan shape aligned in a single plane (distichous). The large white flowers are structurally similar to those of its relatives, the bird-of-paradise flowers Strelitzia reginae and Strelitzia nicolai, but are generally considered less attractive, with a green bract.[6] These flowers, upon being pollinated, produce brilliant blue seeds; possibly the only blue seeds found in nature.[7] In tropical and subtropical regions, the plant is widely cultivated for its distinctive habit and foliage. As the plant grows older, it progressively loses the lowest or oldest leaves and reveals a sturdy grey trunk. Of the four forms, varieties or subspecies, the largest is the "Bemavo", from the hills of eastern Madagascar, which can be 100 feet (30 metres) in height with a trunk 2 feet (60 cm) thick. The foliar fan consists of 20 to 35 leaves, each as much as 36 feet (11 metres) in length.[8] EcologyRuffed lemurs are a known pollinator of this plant, and given the size and structure of the inflorescences, as well as the lemur's selectivity, method of feeding, and long muzzle, this relationship is thought to have coevolved.[9]CultivationThe plant requires a sunny spot (not full sun until it is larger). It responds well to fertiliser, especially if it is high in nitrogen during the growing season. This produces better growth and foliage. The plant grows to an average height of {{convert|7|m|abbr=on}} and requires moderate water. Gallery{{Gallery|title=Ravenala madagascariensis |footer= |width=200 |lines=3 |Image:Ravenala madagascariensis A.jpg|Use in urban setting at Jakarta, Indonesia |Image:Ravenala.JPG|In a park of Phnom Penh, Cambodia |Image:Travellers-Palm-flower.jpg|Travellers Palm and flower, India |Image:Ravenala_madagascariensis_leaf_structure.jpg|Detail of a leaf's structure |Image:Ravenala_madagascariensis2.jpg|Seeds |Image:Ravenala madagascariensis3.jpg|Bark |Image:Reizigersboom wiki.jpg|The old petioles dry out brown }} References1. ^{{cite journal|title=Les formes sympatriques et allopatriques du genre Ravenala dans les forêts et les milieux ouverts de l'est de Madagascar|journal=Revue d'Ecologie, Terre et Vie|author1=Patrick Blanc |author2=Nelson Rabenandrianina |author3=Annette Hladik |author4=Claude Marcel Hladik |last-author-amp=yes |volume=54|year=1999|pages=201–223|url=http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00548812/}} 2. ^{{cite book|url=http://hal-mnhn.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/27/66/69/PDF/Ravenala-variants.pdf|chapter=Strelitziaceae: The variants of Ravenala in natural and anthropogenic habitats|author1=P. Blanc |author2=A. Hladik |author3=N. Rabenandrianina |author4=J.S. Robert |author5=C.M. Hladik |editor1=Goodman, S.M.|editor2=Benstead, J.|title=The Natural History of Madagascar|pages=472–476|year=2003|publisher=The University of Chicago Press, Chicago & London.}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.floridata.com/ref/R/rave_mad.cfm |title=Ravenala madagascariensis |publisher=Floridata.com |access-date=September 14, 2009 |date=May 16, 2000 |author=McLendon, Chuck}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.botanical-journeys-plant-guides.com/travelers-palm.html |title=Botanical Journeys Plant Guides |publisher=www.botanical-journeys-plant-guides.com |accessdate=Feb 28, 2011 |date=2008–2010}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last=Sargent|first=Charles Sprague |year=1893 |title=Garden and Forest: A Journal of Horticulture, Landscape Art and Forestry |publisher=Garden and Forest Publishing Company |volume=6 |issue=282 |url=http://quod.lib.umich.edu/g/gandf/ajq0745.0006.282?view=text&seq=8&size=100}} 6. ^{{cite journal |title=Reproductive Biology of Ravenala madagascariensis Gmel. as an Alien Species |author=M. Calley |author2=R. W. Braithwaite |author3=P. G. Ladd |journal=Biotropica |year=1993 |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=61–72 |jstor=2388979 |doi=10.2307/2388979}} 7. ^https://www.kew.org/blogs/archived-blogs/the-cool-blue-seeds-of-the-malagasy-traveller’s-tree 8. ^{{cite web |title=Protabase Published species |url=http://database.prota.org/publishedspeciesEn.htm |accessdate=2010-04-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100504125220/http://database.prota.org/publishedspeciesEn.htm |archivedate=2010-05-04 |df= }} Then click "Ravenala madagascariensis" 9. ^{{cite book | last = Garbutt | first = Nick | title = Mammals of Madagascar, A Complete Guide | publisher = A&C Black Publishers | year = 2007 | pages = 170–175 | isbn = 978-0-300-12550-4}} External links
5 : Strelitziaceae|Monotypic Zingiberales genera|Endemic flora of Madagascar|Garden plants of Africa|Ornamental trees |
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