| 词条 | Ray MacSharry |
| 释义 |
| name = Ray MacSharry | image = | office = European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development | president = Jacques Delors | term_start = 6 January 1989 | term_end = 4 January 1993 | predecessor = Frans Andriessen | successor = René Steichen | office1 = Minister for the Public Service | taoiseach1 = Charles Haughey | term_start1 = 10 March 1987 | term_end1 = 20 March 1987 | predecessor1 = John Bruton | successor1 = John P. Wilson | office2 = Minister for Finance | taoiseach2 = Charles Haughey | term_start2 = 10 March 1987 | term_end2 = 24 November 1988 | predecessor2 = John Bruton | successor2 = Albert Reynolds | taoiseach3 = Charles Haughey | term_start3 = 9 March 1982 | term_end3 = 14 December 1982 | predecessor3 = John Bruton | successor3 = Alan Dukes | office4 = Tánaiste | taoiseach4 = Charles Haughey | term_start4 = 9 March 1982 | term_end4 = 14 December 1982 | predecessor4 = Michael O'Leary | successor4 = Dick Spring | office5 = Minister for Agriculture | taoiseach5 = Charles Haughey | term_start5 = 12 December 1979 | term_end5 = 30 June 1981 | predecessor5 = Jim Gibbons | successor5 = Alan Dukes | office6 = Minister of State at the Department of the Public Service | taoiseach6 = Jack Lynch | term_start6 = 1 January 1978 | term_end6 = 12 December 1979 | predecessor6 = New position | successor6 = Seán Calleary | office7 = Teachta Dála | term_start7 = July 1969 | term_end7 = November 1988 | constituency7 = Sligo–Leitrim | office8 = Member of the European Parliament | term_start8 = 14 June 1984 | term_end8 = 10 March 1987 | constituency8 = Connacht–Ulster | birth_name = Raymond MacSharry | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1938|4|29|df=yes}} | birth_place = Sligo, Ireland | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Irish | party = Fianna Fáil | spouse = Elaine MacSharry {{small|(m. 1960; d. 2008)}} | children = 6, including Marc | education = Summerhill College | alma_mater = University College Galway }}Raymond MacSharry (born 29 April 1938) is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician who served as Tánaiste from March 1982 to December 1982, European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development from 1989 to 1993, Minister for the Public Service in 1987, Minister for Finance from March 1982 to December 1982 and 1987 to 1988, Minister for Agriculture from 1979 to 1981, Minister of State at the Department of the Public Service 1978 to 1979. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Sligo–Leitrim constituency from 1969 to 1988. He also served as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from Ireland.[1] Early lifeBorn in Sligo, MacSharry was educated at the local national school before later briefly attending Summerhill College. After leaving school he worked as a livestock dealer throughout Sligo and Mayo before becoming involved in the Meat Exporters Factory in his native town. MacSharry also owned his own haulage firm. Political careerBeginningsMacSharry came from a non-political family, however, he himself became an active member of Fianna Fáil in Sligo. In 1967 he made his first move into politics when he secured election to both Sligo Borough Council and Sligo County Council. It was from this local base that MacSharry launched his national election campaign. MacSharry was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) for the Sligo–Leitrim constituency at the 1969 general election.[2] It was a fourth general election triumph in succession for the party, however, he spent his first term on the backbenches. MacSharry was re-elected to the Dáil at the 1973 general election, however, Fianna Fáil were out of power as a Fine Gael-Labour Party government came to power. In Jack Lynch's subsequent front bench reshuffle, MacSharry was appointed opposition spokesperson on the Office of Public Works. Following the 1977 general election, Fianna Fáil returned to government with a massive twenty-seat Dáil majority. In spite of entering his third term MacSharry was left on the backbenches. With the introduction of the new Minister of State positions in 1978, he finally secured a junior ministerial post, as Minister of State at the Department of the Public Service. Cabinet ministerIn 1979 Jack Lynch suddenly announced his resignation as Taoiseach and as Fianna Fáil leader. The subsequent leadership contest was a straight battle between George Colley and Charles Haughey. Colley was the favoured choice of the outgoing leadership and of the majority of the cabinet while Haughey had the backing of a large rump of backbench TDs who had become disillusioned with the party leadership. MacSharry, in spite of serving as junior minister to Colley, was one of the strongest supporters of Haughey and even ended up nominating him for the position of party leader. Haughey succeeded in becoming party leader, albeit by a narrow margin of just six votes, and was later elected Taoiseach by the Dáil. MacSharry's loyalty was subsequently rewarded when he was appointed Minister for Agriculture in the new government. Agriculture was viewed as a key portfolio in Haughey's new cabinet and MacSharry was regarded as an effective minister at a time when farm prices were falling. He was also successful in agricultural negotiations with the EEC. Following the 1981 general election Fianna Fáil were out of power. In the new Fianna Fáil front bench MacSharry was retained as spokesperson for agriculture but a later reshuffle saw him move to fisheries. Fianna Fáil returned to government following the February 1982 general election and MacSharry was promoted to the positions of Tánaiste and Minister for Finance. At a time when Ireland was going through a recession, MacSharry introduced a budget which increased income tax at all levels. It was his only budget as the government fell after just nine months in office and a new coalition government of Fine Gael and the Labour Party took office. 1983 bugging scandalIn 1983 MacSharry resigned from the Fianna Fáil front bench due to a telephone-tapping controversy, when it was revealed that as Tánaiste and Minister for Finance, he had borrowed police tape recorders to secretly record conversations with a cabinet colleague. He defended his action by saying that rumours were sweeping the party that he could be 'bought' (bribed) to support efforts to depose Haughey; he claimed he used the equipment to record any attempts made to offer bribes. The scandal was however primarily focused on the decision by the Minister for Justice, Seán Doherty, to bug the phones of two leading political journalists to discover their anti-Haughey sources. MacSharry was a secondary but high-profile casualty of the scandal, as the equipment he had used had been supplied by Doherty, who had requested it from Assistant Garda Commissioner Joseph Ainsworth. Ainsworth was also forced to resign when the scandal reached the headlines. Political comeback and European CommissionerMacSharry spent a number of years in the political wilderness following the phone-tapping scandal. He was elected to the European Parliament as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for Connacht–Ulster in 1984. Following the 1987 general election MacSharry was returned to the Dáil once again. He resigned his European Parliament seat when he was appointed Minister for Finance in Haughey's new government. During his second tenure in charge of finance, MacSharry committed himself to bringing order to the public finances and the poor economic situation. His ruthless cutting of state spending earned him the nickname Mack the Knife. During this time he came to be identified as Haughey's heir apparent as Taoiseach and Fianna Fáil leader. MacSharry, however, had no such aspirations and had actually wanted to leave politics by the time he was forty-five. He was now fifty and had achieved some of the highest offices in the Irish government. In 1988 MacSharry's loyalty to Haughey was rewarded when he was appointed European Commissioner. As a result of this he resigned his Dáil seat and ended his domestic political career. MacSharry is well known as the first commissioner of agriculture to be able to work out a meaningful compromise on reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in 1992.[3] The MacSharry reforms as they are known, mark the turning point between the old CAP policy, and the new, although many other reforms followed his. Retirement from politicsFollowing the completion of his term as Commissioner, MacSharry retired from politics to pursue business interests. He is currently a director on the boards of a variety of companies including Bank of Ireland and Ryanair Holdings. In 1999 he was appointed chairman of Eircom plc. MacSharry is also a member of the Comite d'Honneur of the Institute of European Affairs. MacSharry is a non-executive director of Irish Life and Permanent and receives pension payments of €88,936 every year.[4] Private lifeMacSharry is married to Elaine and the couple had six children. One of his sons, Marc MacSharry has served as Councillor on Sligo County Council, as a Senator in Seanad Éireann and is currently a TD representing the Industrial and Commercial Panel but resigned after being elected as a Teachta Dála for the constituency of Sligo–Leitrim. His nephew Tom MacSharry was a Councillor on Sligo Borough Council, 2004–09, and served as Mayor in 2006–07. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oireachtas.ie/members-hist/default.asp?housetype=0&HouseNum=19&MemberID=676&ConstID=164|title=Mr. Ray MacSharry|work=Oireachtas Members Database|accessdate=7 November 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=2964|title=Ray MacSharry|work=ElectionsIreland.org|accessdate=7 November 2012}} 3. ^{{cite news|last=Bradsher|first=Keith|title=Progress in Trade Talks With Europe|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/03/business/progress-in-trade-talks-with-europe.html|accessdate=1 February 2011|newspaper=New York Times|date=3 November 1992}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/national-news/thanks-big-fellas-ahern-and-cowen-get-massive-pensions-2931032.html|title=Thanks big fellas: Ahern and Cowen get massive pensions|work=Irish Independent|accessdate=10 November 2011|first=Fiach|last=Kelly|date=10 November 2011}} External links
| before = Eugene Gilbride | before2 = Joseph McLoughlin | before3 = James Gallagher}}{{s-ttl | title = Teachta Dála for Sligo–Leitrim | years = 1969–1988 | with = James Gallagher 1969–1973 and 1977–1981 | with2 = Joseph McLoughlin 1969–1977 | with3 = Eugene Gilhawley 1973–1981 | with4 = Ted Nealon 1981–1988 | with5 = John Ellis 1981–1982 and 1987–1988 | with6 = Joe McCartin 1981–1982 | with7 = Matt Brennan 1982–1988}}{{s-aft | after = Gerry Reynolds | after2 = Matt Brennan | after3 = Ted Nealon | after4 = John Ellis }}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before = Jim Gibbons}}{{s-ttl|title = Minister for Agriculture |years = 1979–1981}}{{s-aft|after = Alan Dukes}}{{s-bef|before = Michael O'Leary}}{{s-ttl|title = Tánaiste |years = 1982}}{{s-aft|after = Dick Spring}}{{s-bef|before = John Bruton|rows = 3}}{{s-ttl|title = Minister for Finance |years = 1982}}{{s-aft|after = Alan Dukes}}{{s-break}}{{s-ttl|title = Minister for Finance |years = 1987–1988}}{{s-aft|after = Albert Reynolds}}{{s-break}}{{s-ttl|title = Minister for the Public Service |years = 1987}}{{s-aft|after = John Wilson|as = Minister for Tourism and Transport}}{{s-bef|before = Peter Sutherland}}{{s-ttl|title = Irish European Commissioner |years = 1989–1993}}{{s-aft|after = Pádraig Flynn}}{{s-bef|before = Frans Andriessen}}{{s-ttl|title = European Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development |years = 1989–1993}}{{s-aft|after = René Steichen}}{{s-par|eu}}{{s-bef|before = Neil Blaney (Independent Fianna Fáil)}}{{s-ttl|title = Member of the European Parliament for Connacht–Ulster |years = 1984–1987}}{{s-aft|after = Mark Killilea (Fianna Fáil)}}{{s-end}}{{Navboxes|title=Ray MacSharry navigational boxes|list1={{Deputy heads of government of Ireland}}{{16th Government of Ireland}}{{18th Government of Ireland}}{{20th Government of Ireland}}{{Ministers for Finance of Ireland}}{{Ministers for Agriculture of Ireland}}{{Ministers for Transport of Ireland}}{{Ministers for the Environment of Ireland}}{{Members of the European Parliament for Ireland (1984–1989)}}{{European Commissioners (Ireland)}}{{Fianna Fáil}} }}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2011}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Macsharry, Ray}} 23 : 1938 births|Living people|Alumni of NUI Galway|Fianna Fáil MEPs|Fianna Fáil TDs|Irish European Commissioners|Institute of European Affairs|Ministers for Finance (Ireland)|Members of the 19th Dáil|Members of the 20th Dáil|Members of the 21st Dáil|Members of the 22nd Dáil|Members of the 23rd Dáil|Members of the 24th Dáil|Members of the 25th Dáil|MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 1984–89|Ministers for Agriculture (Ireland)|Ministers of State of the 21st Dáil|Ministers for Transport (Ireland)|People educated at Summerhill College|People from Sligo (town)|Politicians from County Sligo|Tánaistí |
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