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词条 First Ladies and Gentlemen of Texas
释义

  1. Republic of Texas

  2. State of Texas

  3. Notes

     Footnotes  Citations  References 

  4. Further reading

  5. External links

The First Ladies and Gentlemen of Texas, both under the Republic of Texas and the State of Texas, have been a wide spectrum of personalities and abilities. The position of First Spouse has been defined by individual achievements and perspectives of official spouses for over 75 years. Some enjoyed their positions and seized the opportunity to help shape the state's history. Others were there reluctantly.

Margaret Lea Houston can arguably be called the original First Lady of Texas. Hannah Estey Burnet's husband David G. Burnet was ad interim Republic president before Sam Houston became the official first president. During Houston's first term, he was unmarried. Mirabeau B. Lamar followed Houston and was a widower. Margaret campaigned with her new husband when Houston ran for a second term as president, and rode in the presidential parade, in spite of her dislike of politics. There was no government housing for the family of the president of the Republic. The Houstons divided their time among properties they owned. No role model existed for Margaret. She saw herself not as a political wife, but as a homebody who was responsible for the health, welfare and religious education of her husband and her children. She became a virtual recluse when Sam Houston was elected Governor of Texas and refused any visitors inside the mansion except her own relatives.[1] Margaret Lea Houston's great-great granddaughter Jean Houston Baldwin Daniel also served as First Lady of Texas 1957–1963.

Frances Cox Henderson, wife of the state's first Governor James Pinckney Henderson, was an outgoing supporter of women's suffrage, and a multi-linguist who had been a book translator before she met Henderson.[2]

The only First Gentleman the state has had was James E. Ferguson, who first served as governor. He was impeached on charges of misapplication of public funds, and failing to respect and enforce the banking laws of the state and resigned from office in 1917.[3] When his wife Miriam A. Ferguson won two non-consecutive terms as governor, James Ferguson became the state's only First Gentleman.[4]

Mildred Paxton Moody had been a newspaper columnist and a professor at Hardin-Simmons University before she married Dan Moody. She used her influence as a former First Lady to get the Texas State Legislature to create the Board of Mansion Supervisors to oversee the finances of maintaining the official residence.[5] Rita Crocker Clements not only restored the Governor's Mansion, but had been a mover and shaker in politics decades before she married Bill Clements.[6] First Lady Anita Thigpen Perry has a background in nursing. and two nursing educational endowments bear her name.

Republic of Texas

First Ladies of the Republic of Texas
NameImageBirth–DeathTermPresident{{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)
{{sortname|Hannah|Burnet|Hannah Este Burnet}}(1800–1858)March 16 – October 22, 1836David G.|Burnet|David G. Burnet}}[6]
———October 22, 1836 – December 10, 1838Sam|Houston|Sam Houston}}[7]
———December 10, 1838 – December 13, 1841Mirabeau B.|Lamar|Mirabeau B. Lamar}}group=FN|Lamar was widowed in 1830 and did not remarry until 1851.[8]}}
{{sortname|Margaret Lea|Houston|Margaret Lea Houston}}(1819–1867)December 13, 1841 – December 9, 1844Sam|Houston|Sam Houston|nolink=1}}[7]
{{sortname|Mary Smith|Jones|Mary Smith Jones}}(1819–1907)December 9, 1844 – February 19, 1846Anson|Jones|Anson Jones}}[9]

State of Texas

First Ladies and Gentlemen of the State of Texas
NameImageBirth–DeathTermGovernor{{abbr|Ref(s)|Reference(s)
{{sortname|Frances Cox|Henderson|Frances Cox Henderson}}(1820–1897)February 19, 1846 – December 21, 1847James Pinckney|Henderson|James Pinckney Henderson}}[10]
{{sortname|Martha Evans Gindratt|Wood|Martha Evans Gindratt Wood}}(d. 1861)December 21, 1847 – December 21, 1849George T.|Wood|George T. Wood}}[11]
———December 21, 1849 – November 23, 1853Peter Hansborough|Bell|Peter Hansborough Bell}}[12]
{{sortname|Laura A. Hooker|Henderson|Laura A. Hooker Henderson}}(d.1856)November 23, 1853 – December 21, 1853James W.|Henderson|James W. Henderson}}[13]
{{sortname|Lucadia Christiana Niles|Pease|Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease}}(1813–1905)December 21, 1853 – December 21, 1857Elisha M.|Pease|Elisha M. Pease}}group=FN|Elisha and Lucadia Pease were the first occupants of the official Governor's Mansion.[14]}}
———December 21, 1857 – December 21, 1859Hardin Richard|Runnels|Hardin Richard Runnels}}[15]
{{sortname|Margaret Lea|Houston|Margaret Lea Houston|nolink=1}}(1819–1867)December 21, 1859 – March 18, 1861Sam|Houston|Sam Houston|nolink=1}}[7]
{{sortname|Martha Melissa Evans|Clark|Martha Melissa Evans Clark}}March 18, 1861 – November 7, 1861Edward|Clark|Edward Clark (governor)}}[16]
{{sortname|Adele Baron|Lubbock|Adele Baron Lubbock}}(1819–1882)November 7, 1861 – November 5, 1863Francis R.|Lubbock|Francis R. Lubbock}}[17]
{{sortname|Sue Ellen Taylor|Murrah|Sue Ellen Taylor Murrah}}(b. 1835)November 5, 1863 – June 17, 1865Pendleton|Murrah|Pendleton Murrah}}[18]
———June 11, 1865 – June 16, 1865Fletcher Summerfield|Stockdale|Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale}}[19]
{{sortname|Mary Jane Bowen|Hamilton|Mary Jane Bowen Hamilton}}(1828–1916)June 17, 1865 – August 9, 1866Andrew J.|Hamilton|Andrew J. Hamilton}}[20]
{{sortname|Ann Rattan|Throckmorton|Ann Rattan Throckmorton}}(1828–1895)August 9, 1866 – August 8, 1867James W.|Throckmorton|James W. Throckmorton}}[21]
{{sortname|Lucadia Christiana Niles|Pease|Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease|nolink=1}}(1813–1905)June 8, 1867 – September 30, 1869Elisha M.|Pease|Elisha M. Pease|nolink=1}}[14]
{{sortname|Anne Elizabeth Britton|Davis|Anne Elizabeth Britton Davis}}(b. 1838)January 8, 1870 – January 15, 1874Edmund J. Davis[22]
{{sortname|Mary Evans Horne|Coke|Mary Evans Horne Coke}}(1837–1900)January 15, 1874 – December 21, 1876Richard|Coke|Richard Coke}}[23]
{{sortname|Janie Roberts|Hubbard|Janie Roberts Hubbard}}(1848–1887)December 21, 1876 – January 21, 1879Richard B.|Hubbard|Richard B. Hubbard}}[24]
{{sortname|Frances Wickliffe Edwards|Roberts|Frances Wickliffe Edwards Roberts}}(1819–1883)January 21, 1879 – January 16, 1883Oran Milo|Roberts|Oran Milo Roberts}}[25]
{{sortname|Anna Maria Penn|Ireland|Anna Maria Penn Ireland}}(1833–1911)January 16, 1883 – January 20, 1887John|Ireland|John Ireland (politician)}}[26]
{{sortname|Elizabeth Dorothy Tinsley|Ross|Elizabeth Dorothy Tinsley Ross}}(1846–1905)January 18, 1887 – January 20, 1891Lawrence Sullivan|Ross|Lawrence Sullivan Ross}}[27]
{{sortname|Sarah Ann Stinson|Hogg|Sarah Ann Stinson Hogg}}(1854–1895)January 20, 1891 – January 15, 1895James Stephen|Hogg|James Stephen Hogg}}[28]
{{sortname|Sallie Harrison|Culberson|Sallie Harrison Culberson}}(1861–1926)January 15, 1895 – January 17, 1899Charles A.|Culberson|Charles A. Culberson}}[29]
{{sortname|Orline Walton|Sayers|Orline Walton Sayers}}(1851–1943)January 17, 1899 – January 20, 1903Joseph D.|Sayers|Joseph D. Sayers}}[30]
{{sortname|Sarah Beona Meng|Lanham|Sarah Beona Meng Lanham}}(1845–1908)January 20, 1903 – January 15, 1907S. W. T.|Lanham|S. W. T. Lanham}}[31]
{{sortname|Fannie Bruner|Campbell|Fannie Bruner Campbell}}(1856–1934)January 15, 1907 – January 17, 1911Thomas Mitchell|Campbell|Thomas Mitchell Campbell}}[32]
{{sortname|Alice Murrell|Colquitt|Alice Murrell Colquitt}}(1865–1949)January 17, 1911 – January 19, 1915Oscar Branch|Colquitt|Oscar Branch Colquitt}}[33]
{{sortname|Miriam A.|Ferguson|Miriam A. Ferguson}}(1875–1961)January 19, 1915 – August 25, 1917James E.|Ferguson|James E. Ferguson}}[34]
{{sortname|Willie Cooper|Hobby|Willie Cooper Hobby}}(d. 1929)August 25, 1917 – January 18, 1921William P.|Hobby|William P. Hobby}}[35]
{{sortname|Myrtle Mainer|Neff|Myrtle Mainer Neff}}January 18, 1921 – January 20, 1925Pat Morris|Neff|Pat Morris Neff}}[36]
{{sortname|James E.|Ferguson|James E. Ferguson|nolink=1}}(1871–1944)January 20, 1925 – January 17, 1927Miriam A.|Ferguson|Miriam A. Ferguson|nolink=1}}[34]
{{sortname|Mildred Paxton|Moody|Mildred Paxton Moody}}(1897–1983)January 17, 1927 – January 20, 1931Dan|Moody|Dan Moody}}[37]
{{sortname|Maud Gage|Sterling|Maud Gage Sterling}}(1874–1963)January 20, 1931 – January 17, 1933Ross S.|Sterling|Ross S. Sterling}}[38]
{{sortname|James E.|Ferguson|James E. Ferguson|nolink=1}}(1871–1944)January 17, 1933 – January 15, 1935Miriam A.|Ferguson|Miriam A. Ferguson|nolink=1}}[34]
{{sortname|Joe Betsy Miller|Allred|Joe Betsy Miller Allred}}(1905–1993)January 15, 1935 – January 17, 1939James V.|Allred|James V. Allred}}[39]
{{sortname|Merle Estella Butcher|O'Daniel|Merle Estella Butcher O'Daniel}}UnknownJanuary 17, 1939 – August 4, 1941W. Lee|O'Daniel|W. Lee O'Daniel}}[40]
{{sortname|Fay Wright|Stevenson|Fay Wright Stevenson}}(1896–1942)August 4, 1941 – January 2, 1942Coke|Stevenson|Coke Stevenson}}group=FN|Fay died January 1942[41]}}
{{sortname|Mable Buchanan|Jester|Mable Buchanan Jester}}UnknownJanuary 21, 1947 – July 11, 1949Beauford H.|Jester|Beauford H. Jester}}[42]
{{sortname|Marialice Shary|Shivers|Marialice Shary Shivers}}(1910–1996)July 11, 1949 – January 15, 1957Allan|Shivers|Allan Shivers}}[43]
{{sortname|Jean|Daniel|Jean Houston Baldwin Daniel}}(1916–2002)January 15, 1957 – January 15, 1963Price|Daniel|Price Daniel}}[44]
{{sortname|Nellie|Connally|Nellie Connally}}(1919–2006)January 15, 1963 – January 21, 1969John|Connally|John Connally}}[45]
{{sortname|Ima Mae|Smith|Ima Mae Smith}}(1911–1998)January 21, 1969 – January 16, 1973Preston Smith[46]
{{sortname|Betty Jane Slaughter|Briscoe|Betty Jane Slaughter Briscoe}}(1923–2000)January 16, 1973 – January 16, 1979Dolph Briscoe[47]
{{sortname|Rita Crocker|Clements|Rita Crocker Clements}}(1931-2018)January 16, 1979 – January 18, 1983Bill|Clements|Bill Clements}}[48]
{{sortname|Linda Gale|White|Linda Gale White}}(b. 1942)January 18, 1983 – January 20, 1987Mark|White|Mark White}}[49]
{{sortname|Rita Crocker|Clements|Rita Crocker Clements|nolink=1}}(1931-2018) January 20, 1987 – January 15, 1991Bill|Clements|Bill Clements|nolink=1}}[48]
———January 15, 1991 – January 17, 1995Ann|Richards|Ann Richards}}group=FN|Richards was divorced in 1984.[50]}}
{{sortname|Laura|Bush|Laura Bush}}(b. 1946)January 17, 1995 – December 21, 2000George W.|Bush|George W. Bush}}[51]
{{sortname|Anita Thigpen|Perry|Anita Thigpen Perry}}(b. 1952)December 21, 2000 – January 20, 2015Rick|Perry|Rick Perry}}[52]
{{sortname|Cecilia Phalen|Abbott|Cecilia Phalen Abbott}}(1960–)January 20, 2015Greg|Abbott|Greg Abbott}}[53]

Notes

Footnotes

1. ^{{cite book|last=Seale|first=William|title=Sam Houston's Wife: A Biography of Margaret Lea Houston|orig-year= 1970|year= 1992|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|pages=64, 65 194, 195|isbn=978-0806124360}}
2. ^{{cite web|last=Farrell|first=Mary D|title=France Cox Henderson|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fhe59|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=1 March 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Pa Ferguson|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/tslac/40028/tsl-40028.html|publisher=Texas State Library and Archives Commission|accessdate=11 March 2012}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Miriam A. Ferguson|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/tslac/40031/tsl-40031.html|publisher=Texas State Library and Archives Commission|accessdate=11 March 2012}}
5. ^{{cite book|last=McQueary|first=Carl|title=Dining at the Governor's Mansion|year=2003|pages=131, 132, 134|publisher=Texas A & M University Press|isbn=978-1-58544-254-6}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Hannah Este Burnet|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/hannah-este-burnet/|website=Dress Collection|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
7. ^1 2 Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite journal|title=Reviewed Works: Star of Destiny: The Private Life of Sam and Margaret Houston by Madge Thornall Roberts; The Raven's Bride: A Novel of Eliza Alien and Sam Houston by Elizabeth Crook|first=Anne Righton|last= Malone|journal=Western American Literature|volume=Vol. 29, No. 4|date= Winter 1995|pages=370–371|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|jstor=43021400|subscription=yes}}
8. ^{{cite web|last=Gambrell|first=Herbert|title=Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fla15|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=11 March 2012}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Mary (Mrs. Anson) Jones Letters|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uhsc/00034/hsc-00034.html|website=Texas Archival Resources Online|publisher=University of Houston|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
10. ^Biles (2014), pp. 85–88
11. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite journal|title=Governor George Thomas Wood|first=Louella Styles|last= Vincent|journal=The Southwestern Historical Quarterly|volume=Vol. 20, No. 3|date=January 1917|pages=269–276|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|jstor=30234713|subscription=yes}}
12. ^{{cite web|last=Hooker|first=Anne W|title=Peter Hansborough Bell|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fbe39|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=11 March 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web|last1=Kemp|first1=L. W.|title=James W. Henderson|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fhe15|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|title=Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/lucadia-christiana-niles-pease/|website=Dress Collection|publisher=TWU|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}{{cite web|last=Smyrl|first=Vivian Elizabeth|title=Governor's Mansion|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/ccg03|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=11 March 2012}}; Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481
15. ^{{cite web|last=Harper Jr.|first=Chris|title=Hardin Richard Runnels|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fru13|work=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=11 March 2012}}
16. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Martha Melissa Evans Clark|website=Dress Collection|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/martha-melissa-evans-clark/|publisher=TWU|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
17. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Adele Baron Lubbock|website=Dress Collection|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/adele-baron-lubbock/|publisher=TWU|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
18. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Sue Ellen Taylor Murrah|website=Dress Collection|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/sue-ellen-taylor-murrah/|publisher=TWU|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Fletcher Summerfield Stockdale|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fst60|website=Handbook of Texas Online|publisher=Texas State Historical Association|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
20. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Mary Jane Bowen Hamilton|website=Dress Collection|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/mary-jane-bowen-hamilton/|publisher=TWU|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
21. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Ann Rattan Throckmorton|website=Dress Collection|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/ann-rattan-throckmorton/|publisher=TWU|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
22. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Ann Davis Gown|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/anne-elizabeth-britton-davis/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
23. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Mary Evans Horne Coke|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/mary-evans-horne-coke/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
24. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Janie Roberts Hubbard|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/janie-roberts-hubbard/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
25. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Frances Wickliffe Edwards Roberts|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/frances-wickliffe-edwards-roberts/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
26. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Anne Maria Penn Ireland|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/anne-maria-penn-ireland/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
27. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Elizabeth Dorothy Tinsley Ross|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/elizabeth-dorothy-tinsley-ross/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
28. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Sarah Ann Stinson Hogg|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/sarah-ann-stinson-hogg/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
29. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Sallie Harrison Culberson|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/sallie-harrison-culberson/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
30. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Orline Walton Sayers|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/orline-walton-sayers/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
31. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Sarah Beona Meng Lanham|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/sarah-beona-meng-lanham/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
32. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Fannie Irene Bruner Campbell|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/fannie-irene-bruner-campbell/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
33. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Alice Fuller Murrell Colquitt|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/alice-fuller-murrell-colquitt/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
34. ^1 2 Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Miriam Amanda Wallace Ferguson|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/miriam-amanda-wallace-ferguson/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
35. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Willie Chapman Cooper Hobby|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/willie-chapman-cooper-hobby/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
36. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Myrtle Mainer Neff|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/myrtle-mainer-neff/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
37. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Mildred Paxton Moody|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/mildred-paxton-moody/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
38. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Maude Abbie Gage Sterling|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/maude-abbie-gage-sterling/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
39. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Joe Betsy Miller Allred|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/joe-betsy-miller-allred/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
40. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Merle Estelle Butcher O'Daniel|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/merle-estelle-butcher-odaniel/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
41. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Texas Governor Coke Stevenson|url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/tslac/10239/tsl-10239.html|publisher=Texas State Library and Archives Commission|accessdate=11 March 2012}}{{cite web|title=Coke Stevenson|url=https://www.tsl.state.tx.us/governors/personality/stevenson-p05.html|publisher=Texas State Library and Archives Commission|accessdate=11 March 2012}}{{Find a Grave|27129953|Fay Wright Stevenson}}
42. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481
43. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Marialice Shary Shivers|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/marialice-shary-shivers/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
44. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Jean Houston Baldwin Daniel|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/jean-houston-baldwin-daniel/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
45. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Idanell Brill Connally|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/idanell-brill-connally/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
46. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Ima Mae Smith Smith|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/ima-mae-smith-smith/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
47. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Betty Jane Slaughter Briscoe|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/betty-jane-slaughter-briscoe/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
48. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Rita Crocker Clements Personal Papers|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/rita-crocker-clements/|publisher=TAMU|accessdate=11 March 2012}}
49. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Linda Gale White|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/linda-gale-white/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
50. ^{{cite web|title=Ann Richards|url=https://www.tsl.state.tx.us/governors/modern/richards-p01.html|publisher=Texas State Library and Archives Commission|accessdate=11 March 2012}}
51. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Laura Welch Bush, 1995–2000|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/laura-welch-bush/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
52. ^Alvarez, Plocheck (2011). p. 481; {{cite web|title=Anita Perry, 2000 to 2015|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/anita-thigpen-perry/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}
53. ^{{cite web|title=Cecilia Abbot, 2015 to Present|url=https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/dress-collection/cecilia-phalen-abbott/|publisher=Texas Woman's University|accessdate=January 9, 2016}}

Citations

{{Reflist|20em}}

References

  • {{cite book|last1=Alvarez|first1=Elizabeth Cruce|last2=Plocheck|first2=Robert|title=Texas Almanac 2012–2013|date=2011|publisher=Texas A & M University Press|isbn=978-0-87611-247-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rlxFHFdF3_gC&pg=PT1285&dq=%22Elizabeth+Dorothy+Tinsley+Ross%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-o8f8rJ3KAhVDcD4KHa0xDQcQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=%22Elizabeth%20Dorothy%20Tinsley%20Ross%22&f=false}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Biles|first1=Stephen P.|title=Encyclopedia of Early Texas History: A Compendium of Texas Antiquity for the Inquisitive Mind|date=2014|publisher=The History Press|location=Charleston, SC|isbn=978-1-62619-454-0}}

Further reading

  • {{cite book|last1=Kirkland|first1=Kate Sayen|title=The Hogg Family and Houston: Philanthropy and the Civic Ideal|date=2009|publisher=University of Texas Press{{Subscription required |via=Project MUSE}}|isbn=978-0-292-79377-4|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/3193|language=English}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Wilson|first1=Carol O'Keefe|title=In the Governor's Shadow: The True Story of Ma and Pa Ferguson|date=2014|publisher=University of North Texas Press{{Subscription required |via=Project MUSE}}|isbn=978-1-57441-563-6|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/book/29261}}

External links

  • [https://www.twu.edu/gown-collection/ TWU Dress Collection of First Ladies of Texas]
{{Texas First Spouses}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Texas, First Ladies and Gentlemen}}

4 : Lists of people from Texas|First Ladies and Gentlemen of Texas|First Ladies of the Republic of Texas|Spouses of Texas politicians
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