| 词条 | Raymond Gosling |
| 释义 |
| name = Raymond Gosling | image = Raymond Gosling.jpg | caption = Professor Raymond Gosling in 2003 "DNA at King's – the continuing story: 50th anniversary of the discovery of the structure of DNA" | image_size = 180px | residence = London, United Kingdom | nationality = British | field = Physics | workplaces = King's College London | alma_mater = University College London King's College London | known_for = DNA |birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1926|7|15}} |death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|2015|5|18|1926|7|15}} |birth_place = Wembley, London, England |death_place = }} Raymond George Gosling (15 July 1926 – 18 May 2015) was a British scientist. While a PhD student at King's College, London he worked under the supervision of Rosalind Franklin. Their crystallographic experiments, together with those of Maurice Wilkins of the same laboratory, produced data that helped James Watson and Francis Crick to infer the structure of DNA. Early yearsHe was born in 1926 and attended school in Wembley. He studied physics at University College London from 1944 to 1947 and became a hospital physicist at the King's Fund and Middlesex Hospital between 1947 and 1949 before joining King's College London as a research student where he eventually received his PhD.[1] {{Single strand DNA discovery}}Work at King's College London and DNAAt King's College London, Gosling worked on X-ray diffraction with Maurice Wilkins,[2] analysing samples of DNA which they prepared by hydrating and drawing out into thin filaments and photographing in a hydrogen atmosphere. Gosling was then assigned to Rosalind Franklin when she joined King's College in 1951. They worked under the direction of Sir John Randall.[3] Together they produced the first X-ray diffraction photographs of the "form B" paracrystalline arrays of highly hydrated DNA. During the next two years, the pair worked closely together to perfect the technique of x-ray diffraction photography of DNA and obtained at the time the sharpest diffraction images of DNA. Gosling made the X-ray diffraction image of DNA known as Photograph 51.[4] This work led directly to the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine being awarded to Francis Crick, James D. Watson and Maurice Wilkins. Gosling was the co-author with Franklin of one of the three DNA double helix papers published in Nature in April 1953.[5] His other King's colleagues included Alex Stokes and Herbert Wilson. Gosling briefly remained at King's College following the completion of his thesis in 1954 before lecturing in physics at Queen's College, University of St Andrews, and at the University of the West Indies.[1] Work at Guy's HospitalHe returned to the UK in 1967 and became Lecturer and Reader at Guy's Hospital Medical School, and Professor and Emeritus Professor in Physics Applied to Medicine from 1984. Here he helped develop the underlying basic medical science and technology for haemodynamic doppler ultrasound vascular assessment in the Non Invasive Angiology Group, and set up the clinical Ultrasonic Angiology Unit.[6][7][8][9] Gosling served on numerous committees of the University of London, notably relating to radiological science, and retained an active professional involvement in medical physics almost to the end of his life. Personal backgroundGosling was married to his wife Mary; they had four sons, the eldest of whom is the furniture designer Tim Gosling. Raymond Gosling died at the age of 88 on 18 May 2015.[10] References and Sources1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/iss/archives/dna/faq7.html |title=King's College biography |accessdate=29 November 2006}} 2. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Wilkins | first1 = M. | last2 = Gosling | first2 = R. | last3 = Seeds | first3 = W. | title = Physical studies of nucleic acid | journal = Nature | volume = 167 | issue = 4254 | pages = 759–760 | year = 1951 | pmid = 14833383|bibcode = 1951Natur.167..759W |doi = 10.1038/167759a0 }} 3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Gosling | first1 = R. | last2 = Tickle | first2 = C. | last3 = Running | first3 = S. W. | last4 = Tandong | first4 = Y. | last5 = Dinnyes | first5 = A. | last6 = Osowole | first6 = A. A. | last7 = Cule | first7 = E. | doi = 10.1038/472283a | title = Seven ages of the PhD | journal = Nature | volume = 472 | issue = 7343 | pages = 283–286 | year = 2011 |bibcode = 2011Natur.472..283G }} 4. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.nature.com/news/due-credit-1.12806 |title=Due credit |journal=Nature |volume=496 |page=270 |date=18 April 2013 |doi=10.1038/496270a}} 5. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Franklin | first1 = R. E. | last2 = Gosling | first2 = R. G. | doi = 10.1038/171740a0 | title = Molecular Configuration in Sodium Thymonucleate | journal = Nature | volume = 171 | issue = 4356 | pages = 740–741 | year = 1953 | pmid = 13054694|bibcode = 1953Natur.171..740F }} 6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Side | first1 = C. D. | last2 = Gosling | first2 = R. G. | doi = 10.1038/232335a0 | title = Non-surgical Assessment of Cardiac Function | journal = Nature | volume = 232 | issue = 5309 | pages = 335–336 | year = 1971 | pmid = 5094838|bibcode = 1971Natur.232..335S }} 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Laogun | first1 = A. A. | last2 = Gosling | first2 = R. G. | doi = 10.1088/0143-0815/3/3/004 | title = In vivo arterial compliance in man | journal = Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement | volume = 3 | issue = 3 | pages = 201–212 | year = 1982 | pmid = 7140158|bibcode = 1982CPPM....3..201L }} 8. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Kontis | first1 = S. | last2 = Gosling | first2 = R. G. | doi = 10.3109/03091908709018151 | title = A computerized method for processing of spectrally analysed Doppler-shifted signals from insonated arteries | journal = Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 108–112 | year = 1987 }} 9. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Baskett | first1 = J. J. | last2 = Lewis | first2 = R. R. | last3 = Beasley | first3 = M. G. | last4 = Gosling | first4 = R. G. | title = Changes in Carotid Artery Compliance with Age | doi = 10.1093/ageing/19.4.241 | journal = Age and Ageing | volume = 19 | issue = 4 | pages = 241–246 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2220482}} - Abstract 10. ^Professor Raymond Gosling External links
11 : 1926 births|2015 deaths|British physicists|British scientists|Alumni of University College London|Alumni of King's College London|Academics of the University of St Andrews|Academics of King's College London|Fellows of King's College London|Applied and interdisciplinary physics|University of the West Indies academics |
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