| 词条 | Raymond Hunthausen |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = His Excellency, the Most Reverend | name = Raymond Gerhardt Hunthausen | honorific-suffix = | archbishop_of = Archbishop of Seattle | image = | caption = | province = | archdiocese = Seattle | see = | appointed = February 25, 1975 | ended = August 21, 1991 | predecessor = Thomas Arthur Connolly | successor = Thomas Joseph Murphy | ordination = June 1, 1946 | ordained_by = Joseph Michael Gilmore | consecration = August 30, 1962 | consecrated_by = Egidio Vagnozzi, Bernard Joseph Topel, and William Joseph Condon | previous_post = Bishop of Helena (1962–1975) | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date|1921|8|21}} | birth_place = Anaconda, Montana | death_date = {{death date and age|2018|7|22|1921|8|21}} | death_place = Helena, Montana | buried = St. James Cathedral Crypt Seattle, Washington | nationality = American | education = Carroll College University of Notre Dame St. Edward Seminary | religion = | residence = | parents = | alma_mater = | signature = | motto = Thy will be done }}{{Infobox bishopstyles | name= Raymond Gerhardt Hunthausen | dipstyle=
| offstyle=Your Excellency | relstyle=Archbishop | image = Mitre (plain).svg | image_size = 200px }}{{Ordination | date of consecration = August 30, 1962 | consecrated by = Egidio Vagnozzi | bishop 1 = William S. Skylstad | consecration date 1 = May 12, 1977 | bishop 2 = Lawrence Welsh | consecration date 2 = December 14, 1978 }} Raymond Gerhardt Hunthausen (August 21, 1921 – July 22, 2018) was an American prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Helena from 1962 to 1975 and as Archbishop of Seattle from 1975 to 1991. He was the last surviving American to have participated as a bishop in the Second Vatican Council. Early life and educationThe oldest of seven children, Raymond Hunthausen was born in Anaconda, Montana, to Anthony Gerhardt and Edna Marie (née Tuchscherer) Hunthausen.[1] His parents owned and operated a local grocery store.[2] He received his early education from the Ursuline nuns at the parochial school of St. Paul Church, and excelled academically and athletically during high school.[2] He attended Carroll College in Helena, majoring in chemistry and graduating cum laude in 1943.[1] He considered pursuing a career as a chemical engineer or as a fighter pilot for the United States Air Force.[3] However, he was persuaded by Father Bernard Topel, his spiritual director and mathematics professor at Carroll who later became Bishop of Spokane, to enter the priesthood.[2][3] He began his studies at St. Edward Seminary in Kenmore, Washington, in the fall of 1943.[4] PriesthoodHunthausen was ordained a priest by Bishop Joseph Gilmore on June 1, 1946.[5] He returned to Carroll College, where he served as a professor of chemistry (1946–57) and a football and basketball coach (1953–57).[1] In 1953 he earned a Master's degree in science from the University of Notre Dame.[2] He served as president of Carroll College from 1957 to 1962. He was named a domestic prelate in 1958.[1] Episcopal ministryOn July 8, 1962, Hunthausen was appointed the sixth Bishop of Helena by Pope John XXIII.[5] He received his episcopal consecration on the following August 30 from Archbishop Egidio Vagnozzi, with Bishops Bernard Topel and William Condon serving as co-consecrators.[5] As bishop of Helena, he was a Council Father at all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council. He was the newest and youngest American bishop at the start of the Council. Starting in 1976 Hunthausen worked with Call to Action and sought to implement their program. His tenure as bishop of Helena was marked by increased lay involvement in church matters, the establishment of a mission in Guatemala, the closure of several Catholic elementary and high schools, and the strengthening of religious education programs which function in every diocesan parish. In 1982, Hunthausen withheld half of his income tax to protest the stockpiling of nuclear weapons and the Trident missile program which had a base nearby, in Puget Sound. In a speech, he said, "Trident is the Auschwitz of Puget Sound."[6] This tax resistance prompted the Internal Revenue Service to garnish his wages. He was appointed Archbishop of Seattle, Washington by Pope Paul VI in 1975 and retired on August 21, 1991, his 70th birthday. Church investigationAs a result of the complaints surrounding his alleged deviations from church doctrine, in 1983 the Vatican authorized Cardinal Ratzinger, Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, to launch an investigation. Archbishop (later Cardinal) James Hickey of Washington, DC, was named apostolic visitor to the Archdiocese of Seattle. Hickey's delegation met with Hunthausen and others to investigate his administrative and pastoral practices. Donald Wuerl, later Bishop of Pittsburgh and Archbishop of Washington, was controversially named an auxiliary bishop with special powers. According to Thomas Bokenkotter, "A resolution of the affair was finally announced by the Vatican in April (1987) after it accepted the report of a commission that recommended that Hunthausen's authority be restored and a Coadjutor Archbishop be appointed. Hunthausen stoutly maintains that his archdiocese has remained fundamentally the same and was never in violation of Vatican doctrine; nor has he had to alter the general direction of his ministry or compromise his liberal beliefs."[7] Archbishop Hunthausen is remembered most for his support of the poor and disenfranchised. He was also a great advocate for the youth and encouraged better catechesis in Catholic parishes and Catholic parochial schools despite waning enrollment. In 1985, he helped establish the Institute for Theological Studies at Seattle University, which in 1996 evolved into the School of Theology and Ministry. Retirement and DeathArchbishop Hunthausen retired in 1991 and resided near Helena, Montana, with his brother, Father Jack Hunthausen.[3] He continued to hear confessions once a week in East Helena. As of October 2011, Hunthausen was the last living American bishop to have attended all four sessions of the Second Vatican Council. On July 22, 2018, he died in his home in Helena at the age of 96. He is the second archbishop interred in the crypt at St. James Cathedral. Awards1982 Thomas Merton Award by the Thomas Merton Center for Peace and Justice References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Curtis|first=Georgina Pell|title=The American Catholic Who's Who|volume=XIV|year=1961|publisher=Walter Romig|location=Grosse Pointe, Michigan}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Capace|first=Nancy|title=Encyclopedia of Montana|year=2000|publisher=Somerset Publishers, Inc.}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite news|date=May 20, 2011|work=The Montana Catholic|title=Ordination Milestones|url=http://www.diocesehelena.org/news-events/mt-catholic/archives/2011/may/priest-jubilees.html|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173027/http://www.diocesehelena.org/news-events/mt-catholic/archives/2011/may/priest-jubilees.html|archivedate=September 27, 2011|df=}} 4. ^{{cite news|date=December 22, 1986|work=People|title=Raymond Hunthausen|url=http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20095304,00.html}} 5. ^1 2 {{Catholic-hierarchy|bishop|bhunth|Archbishop Raymond Gerhardt Hunthausen|January 21, 2015}}{{Self-published source|date=March 2015}} 6. ^Amundson, Mavis "Local professor notes Hunthausen's influence" West Seattle Herald January 11, 1984 7. ^A Concise History of the Catholic Church, Rev. and exp. ed. New York: Doubleday, 2004. 447.
| title = Archbishop of Seattle | before = Thomas Arthur Connolly | after = Thomas Joseph Murphy | years = 1975–1991}}{{succession box | title = Bishop of Helena | before = Joseph Michael Gilmore | after = Elden Francis Curtiss | years = 1962–1975}}{{s-end}} External links
13 : 1921 births|2018 deaths|20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops|American Roman Catholic archbishops|American tax resisters|Archbishops of Seattle|Carroll College (Montana) alumni|Carroll Fighting Saints football coaches|Carroll Fighting Saints men's basketball coaches|Participants in the Second Vatican Council|Roman Catholic bishops of Helena|Seattle University|People from Anaconda, Montana |
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