| 词条 | Arthur E. Kennelly |
| 释义 |
| name = Arthur Edwin Kennelly | image =Arthur E. Kennelly.jpg | birth_date = {{Birth date|1861|12|17}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|1939|6|18|1861|12|17}} | death_place = | residence = United States | nationality = Irish American | field = Electrical engineering | work_institution = | alma_mater = | doctoral_advisor = |awards = AIEE Edison Medal (1933) IRE Medal of Honor (1932) Howard N. Potts Medal (1918) Edward Longstreth Medal (1917) }} Arthur Edwin Kennelly (December 17, 1861 – June 18, 1939), was an Irish{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}-American electrical engineer. BiographyKennelly was born December 17, 1861 in Colaba, in South Mumbai, India and was educated at University College School in London. He was the son of an Irish naval officer Captain David Joseph Kennelly (1831–1907) and Catherine Gibson Heycock (1839–1863). His mother died when he was three years old. Afterwards, in 1863, his father retired from the navy and later Arthur and his father returned to England. In 1878, his father remarried to Ellen L.Spencer and moved the family to Sydney, Nova Scotia on the island of Cape Breton when he took over the Sydney and Louisbourg Coal and Railway Company Limited. By his father's third marriage, Arthur gained four half siblings, Zaida Kennelly in 1881, David J. Kennelly Jr. in 1882, Nell K. Kennelly in 1883, and Spencer M. Kennelly in 1885. Kennelly joined Thomas Edison's West Orange laboratory in December 1887, staying until March 1894. While there he had a role in the war of currents, assisting anti-alternating current crusader Harold P. Brown in developing a demonstration to show how alternating current was more dangerous than direct current (via electrocuting dogs) as well as a further test to help determine the type of electricity that should be used in the electric chair, convincing the officials present that it should be alternating current.[1][2] Kennelly then formed a consulting firm in electrical engineering with Edwin Houston. Together they wrote Alternating Electric Currents (1895), Electrical Engineering leaflets (1896), and Electric arc lighting (1902). In 1893, during his research in electrical engineering, he presented a paper on "Impedance" to the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE). He researched the use of complex numbers as applied to Ohm's Law in alternating current circuit theory. In 1902, he investigated the ionosphere's radio spectrum's electrical properties, resulting in the concept of the Kennelly–Heaviside layer. Also in 1902 Kennelly was given the entire engineering charge of the expedition which laid Mexican submarine cables on the route Vera Cruz–Frontera–Campeche; he also served as inspector for the Mexican Government during the manufacture of the cable. He was a professor of electrical engineering at Harvard University, 1902–1930, and jointly at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1913–1924. One of his PhD students was Vannevar Bush. In 1911 and 1912, Kennelly advanced applied mathematics by communicating the theory of the hyperbolic angle and hyperbolic functions, first in a course at the University of London and then in a published book. He was an active participant in professional organizations such as the Society for the Promotion of the Metric System of Weights and Measures, the Illuminating Engineering Society and the U.S. National Committee of the International Electrotechnical Commission, and also served as the president of both the AIEE and the Institute of Radio Engineers, IRE, during 1898–1900 and 1916, respectively.[3] He was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in 1924 at Toronto.[4] While Kennelly himself does not appear to have been a significant athlete, he applied his considerable engineering expertise to his avocation: analyzing endurance sports records of horses and humans. He noticed that time vs. distance plots of such sports records formed nearly a straight line when plotted on log-log graph paper. Kennelly thus preceded by 75 years Peter Riegel, who also -- apparently independently -- noticed this same power law, called by Riegel the "endurance equation". Due to the relatively crude (by today's standards) data available, Kennelly's "Law of Fatigue" utilized the same exponent 9/8 = 1.125 for all of his datasets, whereas Riegel noticed that these exponents differed by sport and by individual.[5] Kennelly died in Boston, Massachusetts on June 18, 1939.[6] Awards and honorsKennelly received awards from many nations, including the IEE Institution Premium (1887), the Edward Longstreth Medal (1917) and the Howard N. Potts Medal (1918) of the Franklin Institute,[7] the Cross of a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur of France and the AIEE Edison Medal (1933), now IEEE Edison Medal, "For meritorious achievements in electrical science, electrical engineering and the electrical arts as exemplified by his contributions to the theory of electrical transmission and to the development of international electrical standards." He was awarded the IRE Medal of Honor (1932), now IEEE Medal of Honor, "For his studies of radio propagation phenomena and his contributions to the theory and measurement methods in the alternating current circuit field which now have extensive radio application." Works
Books
Patents
References1. ^Mark Essig, Edison and the Electric Chair: A Story of Light and Death, Bloomsbury Publishing USA - 2009, pages 152-155 2. ^Moran, Richard. Executioner's Current. Thomas Edison, George Westinghouse and the Invention of the Electric Chair. Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 2002, p. 94. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ieeeghn.org/wiki/index.php/Arthur_E._Kennelly |title=Arthur E. Kennelly |work=IEEE Global History Network |publisher=IEEE |accessdate=August 8, 2011}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Kennelly, A. E.|year=1928|chapter=Hyperbolic-function series of integral numbers and the occasions for their occurrence in electrical engineering|title=In: Proceedings of the International Mathematical Congress held in Toronto, August 11-16, 1924|publisher=University of Toronto Press|pages=441–460|volume=vol. 2|chapter-url=http://www.mathunion.org/ICM/ICM1924.2/Main/icm1924.2.0441.0460.ocr.pdf}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Kennelly, A. E.|year=1906|chapter=An Approximate Law of Fatigue in the Speeds of Racing Animals|title=In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences, 42, 15|journal=Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|pages=275–331|volume=vol. 42|issue=15|jstor=20022230|doi=10.2307/20022230}} 6. ^{{cite news |title= A.E. Kennelly Dies; Ex-aide of Edison; Taught Electrical Engineering at Harvard, 1902–1930, and at M.I.T. From 1913–1924 Edison Gold Medal Award to Him in 1933—Co-Discoverer of 'Heaviside Layer' Early Aide to Edison Honored by Many Societies |url= http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00716F83B5C1B7B93CBA8178DD85F4D8385F9 |quote= |newspaper=The New York Times |date= June 19, 1939 |page= 15 |accessdate= January 14, 2011 }} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=Kennelly&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=&sy=&ey=&name=Submit |title=Franklin Laureate Database – A. E. Kennelly |publisher=Franklin Institute |accessdate={{Format date|2011|11|21}} }}{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} External links
10 : 1861 births|1939 deaths|American electrical engineers|Harvard University faculty|American people of Irish descent|IEEE Medal of Honor recipients|Edison Pioneers|People educated at University College School|IEEE Edison Medal recipients|Howard N. Potts Medal recipients |
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