| 词条 | Ray Tomlinson |
| 释义 |
| name = Raymond Tomlinson | image = Ray Tomlinson (cropped).jpg | alt = | caption = Tomlinson in 2004 | birth_name = Raymond Samuel Tomlinson | birth_date = {{Birth date|1941|4|23}} | birth_place = Amsterdam, New York, U.S. | death_date = {{Death date and age|2016|3|5|1941|4|23}} | death_place = Lincoln, Massachusetts, U.S. | nationality = American | other_names = | alma_mater = Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology | occupation = Computer programmer, inventor, electrical engineer | years_active = | known_for = Invented the first email system | notable_works = }}Raymond Samuel Tomlinson (April 23, 1941 – March 5, 2016) was a pioneering[1][2][3][4] American computer programmer who implemented the first email program on the ARPANET system, the precursor to the Internet, in 1971; he is internationally known and credited as the inventor of email.[5][6][7][8] It was the first system able to send mail between users on different hosts connected to ARPANET. Previously, mail could be sent only to others who used the same computer. To achieve this, he used the @ sign to separate the user name from the name of their machine, a scheme which has been used in email addresses ever since.[9] The Internet Hall of Fame in its account of his work commented "Tomlinson's email program brought about a complete revolution, fundamentally changing the way people communicate".[10][10] Early life and educationTomlinson was born in Amsterdam, New York, but his family soon moved to the small, unincorporated village of Vail Mills, Broadalbin, New York.[11][12] He attended Broadalbin Central School in nearby Broadalbin, New York.[13] Later he attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, New York where he participated in the co-op program with IBM. He received a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from RPI in 1963.[15] After graduating from RPI, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to continue his electrical engineering education. At MIT, Tomlinson worked in the Speech Communication Group and developed an analog-digital hybrid speech synthesizer as the subject of his thesis for the master's degree in electrical engineering, which he received in 1965.[11] CareerIn 1967 he joined the technology company of Bolt, Beranek and Newman (now BBN Technologies), where he helped develop the TENEX operating system including the ARPANET Network Control Program, implementations of Telnet, and implementations on the self-replicating programs Creeper and Reaper. He wrote a file transfer program called CPYNET to transfer files through the ARPANET.[14] Tomlinson was asked to change a program called SNDMSG, which sent messages to other users of a time-sharing computer, to run on TENEX.[15] He added code he took from CPYNET to SNDMSG so messages could be sent to users on other computers—the first email.[16] The first email Tomlinson sent was a test. It was not preserved and Tomlinson describes it as insignificant, something like "QWERTYUIOP". This is commonly misquoted as "The first e-mail was QWERTYUIOP".[17] Tomlinson later commented that these "test messages were entirely forgettable and I have, therefore, forgotten them."[18] At first, his email messaging system was not considered important. Its development was not a directive of his employer, with Tomlinson merely pursuing it "because it seemed like a neat idea".[11] When Tomlinson showed it to a colleague, Tomlinson said "Don't tell anyone! This isn't what we're supposed to be working on".[19] Tomlinson said he preferred "email" over "e-mail", joking in a 2010 interview that "I'm simply trying to conserve the world's supply of hyphens" and that "the term has been in use long enough to drop the hyphen".[20] DeathTomlinson died at his home in Lincoln, Massachusetts, on March 5, 2016, from a heart attack. He was 74 years old.[21][11] Awards and honors
Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/technology/web-culture/email-pioneer-ray-tomlinson-dead-at-74-20160306-gnbspq.html|title=Email pioneer Ray Tomlinson dead at 74|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2016/03/e-mail-inventor-ray-tomlinson-who-popularized-symbol-dies-at-74/|title=E-mail inventor Ray Tomlinson, who popularized @ symbol, dies at 74|work=Ars Technica}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory/inventor-modern-email-ray-tomlinson-dies-37446206|title=Inventor of Modern Email, Ray Tomlinson, Dies|author=ABC News|work=ABC News}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chip.de/news/E-Mail-Pionier-ist-tot-Rest-Peace-Ray-Tomlinson_90640588.html|title=E-Mail-Pionier ist tot: Rest @ Peace, Ray Tomlinson|author=Claudio Müller|date=7 March 2016|work=CHIP Online}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/07/ray-tomlinson-email-inventor-and-selector-of-symbol-dies-aged-74|title=Ray Tomlinson, email inventor and selector of @ symbol, dies aged 74|work=the Guardian}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/3/6/11168718/ray-tomlinson-dead-inventor-of-email-obituary|title=Inventor of email and savior of the @ sign, Ray Tomlinson, is dead at 74|author=Dante D'Orazio|date=6 March 2016|publisher=Vox Media|work=The Verge}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/03/06/469428062/ray-tomlinson-inventor-of-modern-email-has-died|title=Ray Tomlinson, Inventor Of Modern Email, Dies|date=6 March 2016|work=NPR.org}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-35741116|title=Email inventor Ray Tomlinson dies at 74|work=BBC News}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://openmap.bbn.com/~tomlinso/ray/firstemailframe.html|title=The First Network Email|author1=Ray Tomlinson}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rpi.edu/news/alumni_classnotes/winter12-13/tomlinson.html|title=Alumni/ae Notes - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI)|publisher=}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Grimes |first=William |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/08/technology/raymond-tomlinson-email-obituary.html |title=Raymond Tomlinson, Who Put the @ Sign in Email, Is Dead at 74 |work=The New York Times |date=March 7, 2016 }} 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Subik|first1=Jason|title=Broadalbin native put the @ in your e-mail address|url=http://www.dailygazette.com/news/2010/oct/17/1017_emailinventor/|accessdate=4 April 2016|work=The Daily Gazette|date=17 October 2010|location=Schenectady, NY}} 13. ^{{cite news |last=Varghese |first=Sam |url=http://www.itwire.com/business-it-news/networking/71752-email-inventor-ray-tomlinson-dead-at-74.html |title=Email inventor Ray Tomlinson dead at 74 |work=iTWire |date=March 7, 2016 }} 14. ^{{cite book |last=Hafner |first1=Katie |last2=Lyon |first2=Matthew |title=Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1998 |page=191 |isbn=978-0684832678 }} 15. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21694354-raymond-samuel-tomlinson-died-march-5th-aged-74-email-pioneer |title=Ray Tomlinson, who sent the first e-mail, has died |work=The Economist |date=March 7, 2016 }} 16. ^{{cite news |last=Kawamoto |first=Dawn |url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/creator-of-network-email-ray-tomlinson-dies/d/d-id/1324592 |title=Creator Of Network Email Ray Tomlinson Dies |work=InformationWeek |date=March 7, 2016 }} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://openmap.bbn.com/~tomlinso/ray/mistakes.html|title=Frequently Made Mistakes|author1=Ray Tomlinson}} 18. ^{{cite news| url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/internet-star-least-473-years-old/ | work=The New York Times | title=Internet Star @ Least 473 Years Old | first=Robert | last=Mackey | date=2009-05-04 | accessdate=2010-05-22}} 19. ^{{cite magazine| url=https://www.forbes.com/asap/1998/1005/126.html | magazine=Forbes | date=October 5, 1998 | accessdate = February 2, 2016 | author = Sasha Cavender | title = Legends}} 20. ^{{cite news| url=http://motherboard.vice.com/read/q-a-ray-tomlinson-sent-the-first-email-but-his-inbox-is-still-a-mess| work=Motherboard | title=Ray Tomlinson Sent the First Email But His Inbox Is Still a Mess | first=Alex | last=Pasternack | date=2010-04-20 | accessdate=2016-03-07}} 21. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.techrepublic.com/article/email-inventor-ray-tomlinson-dies-at-74/|title=Email inventor Ray Tomlinson dies at 74|author=Evan Koblentz|date=March 5, 2016|work=TechRepublic}} 22. ^{{cite web|title=The Stibitz/Wilson Awards|url=http://www.compustory.com/museum-honorees.html|website=American Computer & Robotics Museum|accessdate=6 March 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030344/http://www.compustory.com/museum-honorees.html|archivedate=4 March 2016|df=}} 23. ^{{cite web|title=Raymond S. Tomlinson: Inventor of Network Electronic Mail|url=http://www.rpi.edu/about/alumni/inductees/tomlinson.html|website=Alumni Hall of Fame|publisher=Rensselaer|accessdate=6 March 2016}} 24. ^{{cite press release |title = The fathers of the mobile phone and email, Prince of Asturias Award Laureates for Technical and Scientific Research |publisher = Fundación Príncipe de Asturias |date = 2009-06-17 |url = http://fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/en/press/news/the-fathers-of-the-mobile-phone-and-email-prince-of-asturias-award-laureates-for-technical-and-scientific-research/ |accessdate = 2009-06-17 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://archive.is/20120716133104/http://fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/en/press/news/the-fathers-of-the-mobile-phone-and-email-prince-of-asturias-award-laureates-for-technical-and-scientific-research/ |archivedate = 2012-07-16 |df = }} 25. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=Official Biography: Raymond Tomlinson|url=http://www.internethalloffame.org/official-biography-raymond-tomlinson|website=Internet Hall of Fame|accessdate=6 March 2016}} Further reading
External links
11 : 1941 births|2016 deaths|American computer programmers|American electrical engineers|American inventors|Email|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni|People from Amsterdam, New York|Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni|Webby Award winners|Engineers from New York (state) |
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