“Reach for the Top”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Reach for the Top

释义

History
Format
Types of questions
Eligibility
Notable teams
National champions
Notable alumni
See also
References
External links

{{Infobox television
| show_name = Reach for the Top
| image = Reach4top.jpg
| caption = Final moments of an episode of the Montreal version of Reach for the Top, as aired on CBMT-6 in the late 1970s
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| genre = Quiz
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| country = Canada
| language = English
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| channel = CBC
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| first_aired=Original series:
{{start date|1966}}
| last_aired={{End date|1989}}
Revival series:
{{start date|2000}} - {{End date|2009}}
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Reach for the Top (also known simply as Reach) is a Canadian academic quiz competition for high school students. In the past, it has also been a game show nationally broadcast on the CBC. Teams qualify for national rounds through several stages of non-televised tournaments held at high schools throughout Canada during the year which are known as Schoolreach.

History

The televised Reach for the Top series was first shown on CBC Television affiliate CBUT in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1961. It was based on the BBC programme Top of the Form. In that first year, a team from three high schools in Burnaby, British Columbia - Fred Affleck, Robert French, Lynne Mader and Marilyn Pelzer - defeated every other team and took all the prizes. The first national Reach for the Top tournament took place in 1965, and was won by Vincent Massey Collegiate Institute from Etobicoke, Ontario. The series was filmed at locations across Canada with the national championships held in Montreal, Quebec. In 1968 joint effort by CBC and BBC led to the short-lived Trans-World Top Team in which teams from the United Kingdom played teams from Canada.

Alex Trebek hosted the Toronto version for several years. In Vancouver, the show was hosted by Terry Garner (1961-1982). In Windsor, the show was hosts were Don Daly and Marty Adler. In London, the show was hosted by Mark Lade, with judge Steve Officer. In Montreal, the show was hosted by Bob Cadman and by Marc Coté. Shelagh Rogers, later a host for CBC Radio, was a contestant on the original broadcasts of the show. Bill Guest hosted the National Finals on CBC from 1969 to 1985.

The CBC stopped airing Reach for the Top in 1985, but it continues to be shown under the aegis of Reach for the Top Inc. CFPL-TV, the former CBC affiliate station in London, continued to air local competitions for several years, and hosted the provincial and national competitions. From 2000-2008, the national finals were aired by CLT (now OWN: the Oprah Winfrey Network), hosted by Graham Neil of CFRN-TV in Edmonton. In 2009, the national finals were not aired except for the final game, which was filmed in the TVOntario studio. It is unknown whether or not TVO will air the 2010 national finals in its entirety. Until 2009, games at the provincial level were broadcast on stations unique to their respective provinces, among them Ontario on TVO with Nicole Stamp of TVOKids (and produced and directed by Sidney M. Cohen), British Columbia with Tamara Stanners on Knowledge, and Alberta with Graham Neil on Access. However, only Ontario provincial level games are now aired (by TVO).

In 1985, Reach for the Top Inc., a private company, was established by Sandy Stewart, on agreement with the CBC. Mr. Stewart then joined with his wife, Patricia Stewart, in partnership with Robert Jeffrey and Paul Russell of Paulus Productions Inc. to create Schoolreach, an in-school version of Reach for the Top available across Canada by subscription.^[1] Schoolreach is organized among the different school boards in Canada, and monthly tournaments are played, culminating in a district final each spring. The winner in each district participates in the provincial finals (which are televised in Ontario), and the provincial winner competes in the national championship.

Reach for the Top Inc. produced a season of programming in Toronto in 1986 and 1987. The Reach for the Top National Finals were revived in 1988. In 1995, Sandy and Pat Stewart retired from Reach For The Top. Reach for the Top and Schoolreach were then taken over by Paulus Productions Inc. under the direction of Paul Russell and Robert Jeffrey.

CBC created a similar program, SmartAsk, which aired for three seasons before being cancelled in 2004. From 1973 to 1997 the CBC's French language network, Radio-Canada, aired a program called Génies en herbe ("Budding Geniuses"), which was the French language equivalent of Reach for the Top. Competitions continued after the cancellation of the program, and teams from other francophone countries around the world often participated.

Format

Reach questions include "snappers," which can be answered by any of the four players on either team. There are also "Who am I?" or "What am I?" questions and "shootout" questions, also open to any player. "Relay" questions are directed at only one of the teams, and "assigned" questions are directed to a single player. Questions are typically worth ten points, but can be worth up to forty points. Points are not deducted for a wrong answer.

Every game lasts for three rounds, with one-minute breaks in between. As of 2009-2010, each game consists of 86 questions, plus four sudden-death tiebreakers in the case of a tie game after regulation. Contestants may answer a question before the reading of it is completed; however, a correct, anticipated guess does not earn extra points.

The tournament is divided into three different levels. At the regional level, local high school teams compete against each other to determine who goes on to the provincial level. The winners of the provincial championships then go on to the National Reach for the Top tournament. The winner is then declared the national champions.

Some districts also have "Intermediate" level competitions, where the questions are written with a lower level of difficulty to provide experience to new, younger players. Intermediate level champions do not move on to national finals.

Types of questions

Snappers: Snappers begin and end every round, and are called "snapstarts" and "snapouts" respectively, and are of miscellaneous category. Four snappers, worth ten points each, begin the first three rounds, and end the first two. To end the third round and the game, there are usually 10-12 snappers worth ten points each. The tiebreaker questions are also snappers.
Open Questions: These types of questions are open to both teams. Open questions are found in sets of two, three or four. Each correct answer is worth 10 points. Audio and visual questions follow the same rules. Under the rules of the 2007 and 2008 National tournaments, incorrect answers given before questions in this category are finished resulted in a five-point penalty (a 'neg 5').
Team Questions: A Team Question is actually a set of questions, worth a possible total of 40 points. When a team question is announced, both teams have an opportunity to answer the first question, called a "scramble". The team that answers the scramble first will have an opportunity to answer the remaining three questions, whereas the opponent will not. In the event that neither team answers the scramble, the remaining questions are open to both teams. In some leagues, the team question is forfeited completely. This is much like the tossup/bonus format played in quizbowl.
Who/What/Where/What Word am I? Questions: The purpose of a Who/What/Where/What Word am I? question is to guess a person/place/thing. Clues are provided by the reader, and are read, one at a time. Between clues, both teams have an opportunity to guess the person/place/thing. If both teams provide incorrect guesses, the next clue will be read. This continues until the fourth and final clue is read. If neither team can provide a correct answer, the answer will be revealed, and no points will be awarded. What Word am I? questions provide up to four quotes with a missing word common to each. If a team provides the correct answer after being provided with one clue, that team will earn 40 points. Each subsequent clue reduces the question's value by 10 points. Unlike a good multi-clued pyramidal quizbowl tossup, the clues in a Who/What/Where/What Word am I? question do not necessarily give one unique answer; and sometimes, the 40 point clue can be quite vague, i.e. "I am a European Country that has experienced war".
Chain Snappers: Chain snappers are similar to snappers, but each question is somehow related to the preceding answer. These are usually found in groups of 6, and can replace a snapper set to end a round.
Assigned questions: Assigned questions are found in sets of eight—four questions per team. A question is assigned to each person; if the person cannot answer the question correctly, his/her opponent (sitting directly across from him/her) will have an opportunity to answer. Players may not consult with their teammates when they are assigned a question.
Relay questions: Each team is presented with four questions, one team at a time. The first three questions are worth 10 points each, while the last question is worth 20. If a team provides an incorrect answer at any point in the relay, the remaining questions assigned to that team are forfeited. Consultation is allowed.
20-point special: A correct attempt at a 20-point special will earn 20 points. Some 20-point specials require more than one answer while others are a bit more difficult than the regular 10-point questions.
Shootout questions: Shootouts consist of 12 snappers, and are open to both teams. If a participant provides a correct answer, he/she will not be able to answer any further questions in the shootout. A team will be awarded 40 points if they provide four correct answers before their opponents do. This will end the shootout. If neither team provides four correct responses before the end of the shootout, no points are awarded. Prompting and consultation amongst the players is forbidden. A shootout sometimes replaces a set of snappers to end a round.
List questions: List questions are open to both teams, and are worth a possible 50 points. The reader will introduce the theme of the question, and ask for five items relating to that theme. For example, if the theme were "Chemical elements", the reader could ask for the first five elements of the periodic table. Teams alternate responses; if one team provides an incorrect response or repeats an answer, then the other team shall have an opportunity to name the remaining items in the list unless they too make a mistake in giving a wrong answer or repeating.

Eligibility

Participants must be "continuously enrolled in a secondary school" to be eligible for participation in Reach for the Top.^[2] The age limit restricts participants to those who are 19 or younger at the beginning of the school year. There are no rules about the language of instruction in a school or that a school must be in Canada, but the vast majority of teams come from anglophone schools in provinces with established leagues.

Quebec colleges, distinct post-secondary institutions, by definition do not fit eligibility requirements. However, given that the first-year of college is effectively equivalent to Grade 12 in other Canadian provinces, the participation of year one college students in Quebec has been allowed in practice.

Notable teams

In 1978, Vincent Massey Collegiate Institute (now separately Michael Power/St. Joseph High School) became the first high school to win the National Championship twice. They played their first game in March 1978 against Richview Collegiate Institute and former Prime Minister of Canada Stephen Harper in the first game of the Etobicoke, Ontario flight. Vincent Massey Collegiate easily won by a score of 445-160, with Harper scoring 80 points for Richview Collegiate in his first and only appearance on the show.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}} Nicole Stamp, who has been the host of Reach For The Top's Ontario Championships since 2004, is also an alumna of Richview Collegiate.

In 2003, University of Toronto Schools (UTS), based in Toronto, Ontario, became the first school in Reach for the Top history to win back-to-back national titles. In 2012, it also became the first school to have won the competition three times. UTS then defended its title in 2013 successfully for a record fourth time. In 2018, UTS extended its record to five by defeating London Central Secondary School in the final.

In 2016, Kennebecasis Valley High School in Quispamsis, New Brunswick defeated Eric Hamber Secondary in Vancouver, British Columbia and became the second school to win three championships, with earlier victories in 2010 and 2011. Lisgar Collegiate Institute in Ottawa, Ontario became the third three-time winner in 2017, having previously won in 2015 and 2008.

Schools that have won the championship twice include Cobequid Educational Centre in Truro, Nova Scotia (1981 and 2005), St. George's School in Vancouver, British Columbia (1991 and 2004), Saunders Secondary School in London, Ontario (1992 and 1996), Gloucester High School in Ottawa, Ontario (1998 and 2001), and London Central Secondary School in London, Ontario (2007 and 2009).

In 1990, the champions from Memorial High School in Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia defeated the National Academic Championship team from Collegiate School of Richmond, Virginia 305-280.^[3]

Lorne Jenken High School in Barrhead, Alberta, which won in 1973 and made six other nationals appearances in the 1970s, was considered "the series' most successful competitors" in the 1985 edition of the Canadian Encyclopedia.^[4]

St. George's High School in Vancouver, British Columbia, qualified for the national finals every year from 1989-2007, except in 1994 when Magee Secondary School represented British Columbia. In 1991 and 2004, St, George's were the national champions.

National champions

Following is a full list of national champions of Reach for the Top since its inception in 1965, as published on their official website.^[5]

Season	Champion	Location
1965–1966	Ontario}} Vincent Massey Collegiate Institute	Etobicoke, Ontario
1966–1967	Ontario}} Rideau Collegiate Institute	Ottawa, Ontario
1967–1968	British Columbia}} Oak Bay High School	Victoria, British Columbia
1968–1969	Ontario}} Neil McNeil Catholic Secondary School	Toronto, Ontario
1969–1970	Manitoba}} Kelvin High School	Winnipeg, Manitoba
1970–1971	Manitoba}} River East Collegiate Institute	Winnipeg, Manitoba
1971–1972	Alberta}} O'Leary High School	Edmonton, Alberta
1972–1973	Alberta}} Lorne Jenken High School	Barrhead, Alberta
1973–1974	Newfoundland and Labrador}} Gonzaga Public High School	St. John's, Newfoundland
1974–1975	Nova Scotia}} Queen Elizabeth High School	Halifax, Nova Scotia
1975–1976	Ontario}} Central Peel Secondary School	Brampton, Ontario
1976–1977	Manitoba}} Glenlawn Collegiate Institute	Winnipeg, Manitoba
1977–1978	Ontario}} Vincent Massey Collegiate Institute	Etobicoke, Ontario
1978–1979	Ontario}} Banting Memorial High School	Alliston, Ontario
1979–1980	Ontario}} Hillcrest High School	Ottawa, Ontario
1980–1981	Nova Scotia}} Cobequid Educational Centre	Truro, Nova Scotia
1981–1982	Manitoba}} Dakota Collegiate Institute	Winnipeg, Manitoba
1982–1983	Ontario}} Roland Michener Secondary School	South Porcupine, Ontario
1983–1984	Manitoba}} Deloraine Collegiate Institute	Deloraine, Manitoba
1984–1985	Alberta}} Kate Andrews High School	Coaldale, Alberta
1985–1986	No national tournament held
1986–1987
1987–1988
1988–1989	Ontario}} Tagwi Secondary School	Avonmore, Ontario
1989–1990	Nova Scotia}} Memorial High School	Sydney Mines, Nova Scotia
1990–1991	British Columbia}} St. George's School	Vancouver, British Columbia
1991–1992	Ontario}} Saunders Secondary School	London, Ontario
1992–1993	Ontario}} St. Joseph's High School	Renfrew, Ontario
1993–1994	Ontario}} Bell High School	Nepean, Ontario
1994–1995	New Brunswick}} Fredericton High School	Fredericton, New Brunswick
1995–1996	Ontario}} Saunders Secondary School	London, Ontario
1996–1997	Ontario}} Earl Haig Secondary School	Toronto, Ontario
1997–1998	Ontario}} Gloucester High School	Gloucester, Ontario
1998–1999	Ontario}} Frontenac Secondary School	Kingston, Ontario
1999–2000	Ontario}} Merivale High School	Ottawa, Ontario
2000–2001	Ontario}} Gloucester High School	Gloucester, Ontario
2001–2002	Ontario}} University of Toronto Schools	Toronto, Ontario
2002–2003	Ontario}} University of Toronto Schools	Toronto, Ontario
2003–2004	British Columbia}} St. George's School	Vancouver, British Columbia
2004–2005	Nova Scotia}} Cobequid Educational Centre	Truro, Nova Scotia
2005–2006	Ontario}} Woburn Collegiate Institute	Toronto, Ontario
2006–2007	Ontario}} London Central Secondary School	London, Ontario
2007–2008	Ontario}} Lisgar Collegiate Institute	Ottawa, Ontario
2008–2009	Ontario}} London Central Secondary School	London, Ontario
2009–2010	New Brunswick}} Kennebecasis Valley High School	Quispamsis, New Brunswick
2010–2011	New Brunswick}} Kennebecasis Valley High School	Quispamsis, New Brunswick
2011–2012	Ontario}} University of Toronto Schools	Toronto, Ontario
2012–2013	Ontario}} University of Toronto Schools	Toronto, Ontario
2013–2014	Ontario}} Martingrove Collegiate Institute	Etobicoke, Ontario
2014–2015	Ontario}} Lisgar Collegiate Institute	Ottawa, Ontario
2015–2016	New Brunswick}} Kennebecasis Valley High School	Quispamsis, New Brunswick
2016–2017	Ontario}} Lisgar Collegiate Institute	Ottawa, Ontario
2017–2018	Ontario}} University of Toronto Schools	Toronto, Ontario

Notable alumni

Lucie Edwards, Canadian diplomat
Stephen Harper, former Prime Minister of Canada
Tom Harrington, Canadian journalist; member of 1974 national champion team
Mark McDowell, Canadian diplomat and first resident Ambassador of Canada to the Union of the Republic of Myanmar.

References

1. ^"Lives Lived" by Wallace Immen in The Globe and Mail, 14 August 1998, page A16
2. ^Reach for the Top national rules
3. ^"They came, stayed and stayed, and conquered" (Factiva link) by Leeanne Morris in The Richmond Times-Dispatch, 16 June 1990, page 21
4. ^The Canadian Encyclopedia entry on "Reach for the Top" from 1985
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.reachforthetop.com/reach-for-the-top/champions/|title=Reach For The Top {{!}} Champions|website=www.reachforthetop.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-01-23}}

External links

Reach for the Top official site
Reach for the Top TVOntario Video Clips from 2008 & 2009 seasons
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_v0MddNesE A rare Reach for the Top clip featuring a young Gord Tanner at YouTube]
{{IMDb title|0194274|Pray For Me, Paul Henderson}} CBC TV movie about a Reach for the Top team and Paul Henderson

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