“Flyovers in Chennai”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The total road network in the city's metropolitan area is 2,780 km. With Chennai's vehicular population having experienced a surge in the late 1990s, several flyovers were built to reduce the traffic congestion in the city. Of about {{INR}} 15,600 million invested by the state government between 2005 and 2014, Chennai cornered a major chunk of the investment.^[1] As of 2017, there are 35 functional flyovers in the city^[1] and around 150 bridges including 12 rail over bridges^[2], catering to the city's vehicular population of about 5.3 million, including about 1.2 million cars. In addition, more than 36 flyovers are in the pipeline.^[1]

Beginnings

The city's first flyover is the Anna Flyover at the Gemini Circle built in 1973, which was the third in India, after the ones at Kemps Corner and Marine Drive in Mumbai. It was also the longest flyover in the country when it was built.^[3] No major flyovers were built in the following 20 years or so. The number of flyovers in the city began to rise in the late 1990s when a string of nine flyovers were built across the city during the tenure of the then Mayor of the city, M. K. Stalin.^[4]

Road space

As of 1 April 2013, the total vehicle population of Chennai is 3,881,850, including 3,053,233 two wheelers.^[5]

The flyover construction in the city has resulted in the addition of a mere 12.4 km of extra road capacity between 2005 and 2014. As of 2014, the total length of operational flyovers in the city was 13.5 km.^[4]

List of flyovers

Criticism

Between 2005 and 2014, the state government has spent over {{INR}}15,590 million erecting flyovers and grade separators, of which {{INR}}11,440 million (88%) was invested in Chennai. The city hosts all 21 elevated urban corridors open to traffic in the state in 2014.^[4]

Critics and town planners feel that the flyovers in the city have had very little to do with traffic improvement. In the late 1990s, a Traffic Action Plan was prepared for the city. It is said the brain behind the traffic action plan was the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), which organised seminars in hotels and conducted traffic studies and public opinion surveys. The investments made by the automobile industry resulted in an increase in the city's per capita ownership of cars, which by 2012 was second in the country, behind New Delhi.^[4]

Various global studies indicate that flyovers and elevated roads tend to "induce" new traffic because of the apparent extra road space, and this held true in the case of Chennai, according to experts. The number of vehicles on Chennai's roads had increased dramatically since the late 1990s, resulting in regular traffic snarls.^[4]

Critics also say that, despite costing 4 to 5 times a normal road, flyovers do not resolve the problem of traffic congestion. For the {{INR}}15,500 million spent between 2005 and 2014 by the state government, critics opine that the government could instead have invested in buying about 7,000 public transport buses or laid more than 2,000 km of dedicated cycle lanes or built an extensive bus rapid transit system covering about 150 km.^[4]

New projects

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite news | last = Hemalatha | first = Karthikeyan | title = Chennai set to get more flyovers | newspaper = The Times of India | location = Chennai | publisher = The Times Group | date = 18 July 2014 | url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Chennai-set-to-get-more-flyovers/articleshow/38624657.cms | accessdate = 14 December 2014}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.chennaicorporation.gov.in/departments/bridges/BridgesList.html|title=Welcome to Greater Chennai Corporation|website=www.chennaicorporation.gov.in|access-date=2017-06-13}}
3. ^{{cite news | last = Ramakrishnan | first = Deepa H. | coauthors = | title = Flyover wall mended after 3 days | newspaper = The Hindu | location = Chennai | pages = | language = | publisher = The Hindu | date = 1 July 2012 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/article3589297.ece | accessdate = 5 Jul 2012}}
4. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶{{cite news | last = Sreevatsan | first = Ajai | title = The case against flyovers | newspaper = The Hindu | location = Chennai | publisher = The Hindu | date = 6 October 2014 | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/the-case-against-flyovers/article6473629.ece | accessdate = 14 December 2014}}
5. ^{{cite news |last = Sasidharan |first = S. |title = 1.4 cr 2-wheelers ply on TN roads |newspaper = Deccan Chronicle |location = Chennai |date = 10 April 2013 |url = http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130410/news-current-affairs/article/14-cr-2-wheelers-ply-tn-roads |archive-url = https://archive.is/20130629002608/http://www.deccanchronicle.com/130410/news-current-affairs/article/14-cr-2-wheelers-ply-tn-roads |dead-url = yes |archive-date = 29 June 2013 |accessdate = 13 April 2013}}