| 词条 | Read, Lancashire |
| 释义 |
|country = England |coordinates = {{coord|53.805|-2.355|display=inline,title}} |population= 1,419 |population_ref= (2011) |official_name= Read |civil_parish = Read |shire_district= Ribble Valley | shire_county = Lancashire |region= North West England |constituency_westminster= Ribble Valley |post_town= BURNLEY |postcode_district = BB12 |postcode_area= BB |dial_code= 01282 |os_grid_reference= SD765345 |static_image_name= Martholme Viaduct - geograph.org.uk - 155346.jpg |static_image_caption= Looking in the direction of Simonstone, the Martholme Viaduct {{convert|1|mi|km|1}} south-west carried the defunct Great Harwood loop line of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway over the River Calder |pushpin_map = United Kingdom Borough of Ribble Valley |pushpin_map_caption = Shown within Ribble Valley }}Read {{IPAc-en|r|iː|d}} is a village in Lancashire 5 miles west northwest of Burnley and 2 miles east of Whalley. It is on the A671 which is the main road between Burnley and Clitheroe. The population of the civil parish as taken at the 2011 census was 1,419.[1] HistoryThe name "Read" is a contraction of Old English words meaning female roe deer and ridge or headland.[2] The old village developed in the 16th century along the main mediaeval road between Whalley and Padiham. The Battle of Read Old Bridge was fought in 1643 between the Royalist and Parliamentarian forces. The Royalist force of about 4,000 men, commanded by the Earl of Derby, had taken the village of Whalley. The Parliamentary force, numbering only about 400 men, were positioned near Read Old Bridge. As the Royalist forces approached the bridge they faced withering musket fire causing them to retreat in confusion. The Royalists gave up Whalley; about 400 largely untrained soldiers had beaten 4,000, winning Lancashire for Parliament. GovernanceRead was once a township in the ancient parish of Whalley, with the River Calder forming the boundary with Altham and Sabden Brook with Whalley. This became a civil parish in 1866, forming part of the Burnley Rural District from 1894 to 1974. Parts of the parish transferred to Sabden on its creation in 1904.{{efn|name=Sabden|The old township also shared a boundary with Wiswell and Pendleton at Sabden Brook.[3]}}[4] It has since become part of the borough of Ribble Valley. Together with Simonstone, the parish forms the Read and Simonstone ward of Ribble Valley Borough Council.[5][6] The ward had a population of 2,535 in 2001,[7] rising to 2,573 in 2011.[8] The ward elects two councillors, who currently are Richard Bennett and Lesley Graves, both of the Conservative Party.[9] LandmarksRead Hall and Park was the seat of the Nowell family from the 14th century and Roger Nowell was a magistrate at the time of the Lancashire Witches in 1612 sending them to Lancaster for trial and eventual execution.[10]In the 1870s Victoria Mill, together with a few houses for employees, was built alongside the turnpike road by the Kemp family and this area of Read became known as Newtown. More houses and shops were built using stone quarried in the village and Read now has a variety of small businesses catering for many needs. The parish church is dedicated to St John the Evangelist by Henry Ross of Accrington, 1884, with the west steeple dating from 1911.[11] The nearby Martholme Viaduct, about {{convert|1|mi|km|1}} south-west carried the defunct Great Harwood loop line of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway over the River Calder between Simonstone and Great Harwood and was built by Sturges Meek, 1870–77, and consists of ten 65 ft high arches on a gentle curve.[11] See also{{portal|Lancashire}}
ReferencesNotes{{notelist|notes=}}Citations 1. ^{{NOMIS2011|id=1170215125|title=Read Parish|accessdate=24 February 2018}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Ekwall|first=Eilert|url=https://archive.org/details/placenamesoflanc00ekwauoft |title=The place-names of Lancashire|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1922|isbn=|p=79}} 3. ^{{Cite map |publisher=Ordnance Survey |title=Lancashire and Furness |series=County Series |scale=1 : 10,560 |edition=1st |year=1848}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10376968/relationships |title=Read Tn/CP through time |publisher=GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth |work=visionofbritain.org.uk |accessdate=31 August 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web |publisher=Lancashire County Council |title=Read and Simonstone |website=MARIO |url=http://mario.lancashire.gov.uk/agsmario/default.aspx?categ=boundaries&wardcode=30ULGS&layeron=Ward%20Boundary&layeron=Parish%20Boundaries |accessdate=26 March 2016}} 6. ^{{cite web |publisher=Ordnance Survey |title=Read and Simonstone |website=Ordnance Survey Linked Data Platform |url=http://data.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/doc/7000000000004634 |accessdate=26 March 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=7&b=13693082&c=Read&d=14&e=15&g=6442434&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1458996312828&enc=1| title=Read and Simonstone ward population 2001| accessdate=26 March 2016| publisher=Office for National Statistics| work=Neighbourhood Statistics}} 8. ^{{NOMIS2011|id=1237324309|title=Read and Simonstone 2011 Census Ward|accessdate=24 February 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Councillors by Ward: Read and Simonstone |url=https://www.ribblevalley.gov.uk/councillors/specificWard/16/read_and_simonstone |publisher=Ribble Valley Borough Council |accessdate=26 March 2016}} 10. ^Burnley Express 12 January 2010 Victorian history of Read Hall – includes picture and gives the date of the hall as 1818–1825 11. ^1 {{Cite book | author=Pevsner, Nikolaus; Hartwell, Clare (revision)| authorlink= | coauthors= | title=The Buildings of England – Lancashire: North| year=2009 | publisher=Yale University Press | location=London and New Haven | isbn=978-0-300-12667-9 | pages=569, 310}} External links{{Commons category|Read, Lancashire}}
3 : Villages in Lancashire|Civil parishes in Lancashire|Geography of Ribble Valley |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。