“Forced abortion”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A forced abortion may occur when the perpetrator causes abortion by force, threat or coercion, or by taking advantage of woman's incapability to give her consent, or where she gives her consent under duress. This may also include the instances when the conduct was neither justified by medical or hospital treatment.{{vague|date=July 2018}} Like forced sterilization, forced abortion may include a physical invasion of female reproductive organs.

People's Republic of China

Forced abortions associated with administration of the one-child policy have occurred in the People's Republic of China; they are a violation of Chinese law and are not official policy.^[1] They result from government pressure on local officials who, in turn, employ strong-arm tactics on pregnant mothers.^[2] On September 29, 1997 a bill was introduced in the United States Congress titled Forced Abortion Condemnation Act, that sought to "condemn those officials of the Chinese Communist Party, the government of the People's Republic of China and other persons who are involved in the enforcement of forced abortions by preventing such persons from entering or remaining in the United States".^[3] In June 2012 Feng Jianmei was forcibly made to abort her 7 month old fetus after not paying a fine for breaking the one-child policy.^[1] Her case was widely discussed on the internet in China to general revulsion after photos of the stillborn baby were posted online.^[4] A fortnight after the forced abortion she continued to be harassed by local authorities in Shanxi Province.^[5] On July 5, the European Parliament passed a resolution saying it "strongly condemns" both Feng's case specifically and forced abortions in general "especially in the context of the one-child policy."^[6]

Part of the work of the activist "barefoot lawyer" Chen Guangcheng also concerned excesses of this nature.^[7] By 2012, disagreement with forced abortion was being expressed by the public in China despite its reduced use, and repeal of the one-child policy was reportedly being discussed in some quarters for this and other reasons.^[2]^[8] Even after the shift to a two-child policy in January 2016, the practice still occurs.^[9]

North Korean refugees repatriated from China

The People's Republic of China returns all illegal immigrants from North Korea which usually imprisons them in a short term facility. Many North Korean escapees assert that forced abortions and infanticide are common in these prisons.^[10]^[11]

In United States Sex Trafficking

In a series of focus groups conducted around the United States by anti-trafficking activist Laura Lederer in 2014, over 25% of survivors of domestic sex trafficking who responded to the question reported that they had been forced to have an abortion.^[12]^[13]

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite news|title=China Suspends Family Planning Workers After Forced Abortion|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/16/world/asia/china-suspends-family-planning-workers-after-forced-abortion.html|accessdate=June 27, 2012|newspaper= The New York Times|date=June 15, 2012|author=David Barboza}}
2. ^¹{{cite news|title=Reports of Forced Abortions Fuel Push to End Chinese Law|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/23/world/asia/pressure-to-repeal-chinas-one-child-law-is-growing.html|accessdate=July 23, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=July 22, 2012|author=Edward Wong}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/105/hr2570|title=H.R. 2570 (105th): Forced Abortion Condemnation Act|publisher =Govtrack.us|accessdate=27 April 2012}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=Abortion and Politics in China|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2012/06/abortion-and-politics-in-china.html|accessdate=June 27, 2012|newspaper=The New Yorker|date=June 15, 2012|author=Evan Osnos|authorlink=Evan Osnos|format=Blog by reporter in reliable source}}
5. ^{{cite news|title=Forced to Abort, Chinese Woman Under Pressure|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/27/world/asia/chinese-family-in-forced-abortion-case-still-under-pressure.html|accessdate=June 27, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 26, 2012|author=Edward Wong}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=EU Parliament condemns China forced abortions|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=July 6, 2012|url=http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/224353/eu-parliament-condemns-china-forced-abortions|accessdate=July 7, 2012}}
7. ^{{cite news |title=Chinese to Prosecute Peasant Who Resisted One-Child Policy |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/07/AR2006070701510.html |date=8 July 2006 |first=Philip P. |last=Pan |accessdate=28 April 2010}}
8. ^Forced abortion sparks outrage, debate in China CNN, June 2012
9. ^Steven W. Mosher (October 26, 2016). Fact-Check: No, Hillary, China has not stopped doing forced abortions. National Right to Life News Today. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
10. ^{{cite news|title=N. Koreans Talk of Baby Killings|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/10/world/n-koreans-talk-of-baby-killings.html|accessdate=August 3, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 10, 2002|author=James Brooke|author3=}}
11. ^{{cite book|title=The Hidden Gulag Second Edition The Lives and Voices of "Those Who are Sent to the Mountains"|year=2012|publisher=Committee for Human Rights in North Korea|isbn=0615623670|pages=111–155|url=http://www.hrnk.org/uploads/pdfs/HRNK_HiddenGulag2_Web_5-18.pdf|author=David Hawk|edition=Second|accessdate=September 21, 2012}}
12. ^{{cite journal|last1=Lederer|first1=Laura|title=“Examining H.R. 5411, the Trafficking Awareness Training for Health Care Act of 2014”|journal=US House of Representatives, Energy and Commerce Committee, Witness Hearings|date=11 September 2014|url=http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF14/20140911/102647/HHRG-113-IF14-Wstate-LedererL-20140911.pdf|accessdate=1 August 2017}}
13. ^{{cite journal|last1=Lederer|first1=Laura|last2=Wetzel|first2=Christopher A.|title=The health consequences of sex trafficking and their implications for identifying victims in healthcare facilities|journal=Annals Health|date=2014|volume=23|page=61|url=https://www.icmec.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Health-Consequences-of-Sex-Trafficking-and-Implications-for-Identifying-Victims-Lederer.pdf|accessdate=1 August 2017}}