“Foreign relations of Haiti”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Haiti was one of the original members of the League of Nations, and was one of the original members of the United Nations and several of its specialized and related agencies. It is also a founding member of the Organization of American States. It maintains diplomatic relations with 37 countries, mostly in Europe and Latin America. Haiti also has diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, instead of the People's Republic of China. Taiwan is one of Haiti's major trading partners and the two countries maintain very friendly relations. Haiti has also re-established very warm relations with Cuba in which a major act of bilateral cooperation has resulted in Cuba's large contribution of doctors to the country. The Haitian government has publicly shown admiration to Fidel Castro and his administration.

The international community rallied to Haiti's defense during the 1991–94 period of illegal military rule. Thirty-one countries participated in the U.S.-led Multinational Force (MNF) which, acting under UN auspices, intervened in September 1994 to help restore the legitimate government and create a secure and stable environment in Haiti. At its peak, the MNF included roughly 21,000 troops, mostly Americans, and more than 1,000 international police monitors. Within six months, the troop level was gradually reduced as the MNF transitioned to a 6,000 strong peacekeeping force, the UN Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). UNMIH was charged with maintaining the secure environment, which the MNF had helped establish, as well as nurturing Haiti's new police force through the presence of 900 police advisors. A total of 38 countries participated in UNMIH.

In order to spur Haiti's social and economic recovery from three years of de facto military rule and decades of misrule before that, international development banks and donor agencies pledged in 1994 to provide over $2 billion (USD) in assistance by 1999. Disbursements were largely conditioned on progress in economic reform. Parliamentary inaction, principally as a result of the political struggles and gridlock that plagued Haiti since 1996, resulted in the blockage of much of this assistance as disbursement conditions were not met. The electoral crisis that has brewed in the aftermath of the May 21, 2000 local and parliamentary elections has resulted in the blockage of most multilateral and bilateral assistance. Major donors are led by the United States, with the largest bilateral assistance program, and also include Canada, People's Republic of China, France, Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Peru, the Philippines, Russia, South Korea, Republic of China (Taiwan) and the United Kingdom. Multilateral aid is coordinated through an informal grouping of major donors under the auspices of the World Bank which, in addition to the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the European Union, is also a major source of Haitian development assistance.

Visas are required for citizens of Colombia and Panama due to the actions of nationals of those two countries in using Haiti as a drop-off point for narcotic drugs bound for the United States. Panama's proximity to Colombia and their thriving off-shore banking industry has lured many traffickers to use that nation and Haiti as bases for their activities. Citizens of the Dominican Republic also require visas to visit Haiti, not only due to the hostile, sometimes volatile relations between both nations, but also because since the late 1990s, the Dominican Republic has become another base for illicit drugs bound for the United States, which usually enter illegally via Puerto Rico. Once in Puerto Rico, drugs can easily reach the United States due to the absence of both immigration and customs between that island and the mainland.^[1]

major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe (see Illegal drug trade in Haiti)

Relations by country

Country

Formal relations began on

Notes

Argentina}}

See Foreign relations of Argentina

Haiti has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
Argentina has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Antigua and Barbuda}}

See Foreign relations of Antigua and Barbuda

Haiti has an embassy in St. John's City.
Antigua and Barbuda has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Armenia}}

21 January 1999

See Foreign relations of Armenia

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1999.

Haiti has an embassy in Yerevan.
Armenia has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Bahamas}}

See Bahamas-Haiti relations

Haiti operates an embassy in Nassau.
The Bahamas operates a embassy in Port-au-Prince.
There are over 80,000 Haitians living in the Bahamas.

Bangladesh}}

See Bangladesh–Haiti relations

Haiti has an embassy in Dhaka.
Bangladesh has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Barbados}}

See Foreign relations of Barbados

Haiti has an embassy in Bridgetown.
Barbados has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Belgium}}

See Foreign relations of Belgium

Haiti has an embassy in Brussels.
Belgium has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Belize}}

See Foreign relations of Belize

Haiti has an embassy in Belmopan.
Belize has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Benin}}

See Benin–Haiti relations

Haiti and Benin maintain diplomatic relations with a Haitian office in Cotonou, although Benin does not currently maintain an official diplomatic presence in the country due to the 2010 earthquake. Benin contributed a contingency of 32 police/civilian personnel to MINUSTAH.

The two countries share an extensive cultural history by a way of the Atlantic slave trade and the resulting importing of Haitian Vodou as a religious force in Haitian society. The devastating earthquake was followed, among many reactions, by an outburst of solidarity prayers in Benin with the victims.^[2] Traditional ceremonies were organized to appease the spirits and seek the blessing of ancestors for the Haitians.^[3]

Haiti has an embassy in Porto-Novo.
Benin has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Bolivia}}

See Foreign relations of Bolivia

Haiti has an embassy in La Paz.
Bolivia has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Brazil}}

1928

See List of diplomatic missions in Haiti

Haiti has an embassy in Brasilia and two consulates-general in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.
Brazil has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Canada}}

1954

See Canada–Haiti relations

During the unsettled period from 1957 to 1990, Canada received many Haitian refugees, who now form a significant minority in Quebec. Canada participated in various international interventions in Haiti between 1994 and 2004, and continues to provide substantial aid to Haiti,^[4] the second poorest country in the western hemisphere. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090824192748/http://www.latinbusinesschronicle.com/app/article.aspx?id=3356]

Canada has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.^[5]
Haiti has an embassy in Ottawa and a consulates-general in Calgary, Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver.^[6]

Chile}}

See Chile–Haiti relations

Chile sent 650 peacekeeping troops to the island as part of the United Nations peace keeping mission.^[7] Praising the work of the Chilean policemen in Haiti, National Police official Javiera Blanco said, "Even though today there is a need for the key presence of this mission, which is in mid term, the exit should be prepared for, considering that the country (Haiti) must take those responsibilities and build their capacities to do what is done by our mission." The police are planned to withdraw from Haiti in 2011.^[8]

Haiti has an embassy in Santiago.
Chile has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

China}}

See Foreign relations of China

Haiti has an embassy in Beijing.
China has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Colombia}}

See Foreign relations of Colombia

Haiti has an embassy in Bogotá.
Colombia has an non-resident embassy yet in Port-au-Prince.

Costa Rica}}

See Foreign relations of Costa Rica

Haiti has an embassy in San José.
Costa Rica has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Cuba}}

See Cuba-Haiti relations

Haiti has an embassy in Havana.
Cuba has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Dominica}}

See Foreign relations of Dominica

Haiti has an embassy in Roseau.
Dominica has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Dominican Republic}}

See Dominican Republic–Haiti relations

Relations between Haiti and the Dominican Republic vacillated between barely tolerable and potentially combustible throughout the history of both countries' existences, reaching their lowest points in the Haitian invasion of the Dominican Republic, the aftermath of the Parsley Massacre, related Haitian-targeted ethnic cleansing campaigns by the Rafael Trujillo dictatorship and the 2010 earthquake in Port-au-Prince. The periodic influxes of Haitian economic (and, in times past, political) migrants across the border have also strained relations between the two countries at various recent times.

Haiti has an embassy in Santo Domingo.
Dominican Republic has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Ecuador}}

See List of diplomatic missions of Haiti

Haiti has an embassy in Quito.
Ecuador has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

El Salvador}}

See Foreign relations of El Salvador

Haiti has an embassy in San Salvador.
El Salvador has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

France}}

12 February 1838

See France–Haiti relations

France has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.^[9]
Haiti has an embassy in Paris and a consulates-general in Cayenne, French Guiana and in Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe.^[10]

Germany}}

See Foreign relations of Germany

Haiti has an embassy in Berlin.
Germany has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Grenada}}

See Foreign relations of Grenada

Haiti has an embassy in St. George's City
Grenada has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Guatemala}}

See Foreign relations of Guatemala

Haiti has an embassy in Guatemala City.
Guatemala has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Guyana}}

1970

See Foreign relations of Guyana

Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 6, 1970^[11].
Both countries are full members of the Organization of American States and of the Caribbean Community.
Haiti has an embassy in Georgetown.
Guyana has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Holy See}}

See List of diplomatic missions in Haiti

Haiti has an embassy in Vatican City.
Holy See has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Honduras}}

See Foreign relations of Honduras

Haiti has an embassy in Tegucigalpa.
Honduras has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

India}}

See Haiti–India relations

Haiti maintains an honorary consulates in New Delhi and Mumbai.^[12]^[13]^[14]
India has an honorary consulate in Port-au-Prince.^[15]

Israel}}

See Haiti–Israel relations

Haiti has an embassy in Jerusalem.
Israel has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Italy}}

See Foreign relations of Italy

Haiti has an embassy in Rome.
Italy has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Jamaica}}

See Haiti–Jamaica relations

Haiti has an embassy in Kingston, but later closed in 2012.^[16]
Jamaica has an embassy and an honorary consulate in Port-au-Prince.

Japan}}

1931

See Foreign relations of Japan

Haiti has an embassy in Tokyo.
Japan has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Republic of Korea}}

22 September 1962

See Foreign relations of South Korea

The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and Haiti began on 22 September 1962.^[17]

Haiti has an embassy in Seoul.
South Korea has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Mexico}}

1882

See Haiti–Mexico relations

Diplomatic relations between Haiti and Mexico were established in 1882.

Haiti has an embassy in Mexico City.^[18]
Mexico has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.^[19]

Netherlands}}

See Foreign relations of the Netherlands

Haiti has an embassy in The Hague and two consulates-general in Oranjestad in Aruba and Willemstad in Curaçao.
Netherlands has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Nicaragua}}

See Foreign relations of Nicaragua

Haiti has an embassy in Managua.
Nicaragua has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Pakistan}}

See Foreign relations of Pakistan

Haiti has an embassy and an honorably consulate in Islamabad.
Pakistan has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Panama}}

See Foreign relations of Panama

Haiti has an embassy in Panama City.
Panama has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Paraguay}}

See Foreign relations of Paraguay

Haiti has an embassy in Asuncion.
Paraguay has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Peru}}

See Foreign relations of Peru

Haiti has an embassy in Lima.
Peru has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Philippines}}

See Foreign relations of the Philippines

Haiti has an embassy in Manila.
Philippines has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Portugal}}

See Foreign relations of Portugal

Haiti has an embassy in Lisbon.
Portugal has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Russia}}

See Foreign relations of Russia

Haiti has an embassy in Moscow.
Russia has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Saint Kitts and Nevis}}

See Foreign relations of Saint Kitts and Nevis

Haiti has an embassy in Basseterre.
Saint Kitts and Nevis has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Saint Lucia}}

See Foreign relations of Saint Lucia

Haiti has an embassy in Castries.
Saint Lucia has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}

See Foreign relations of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Haiti has an embassy in Kingstown.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

South Africa}}

See Foreign relations of South Africa

Haiti has an embassy in Pretoria.
South Africa has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Spain}}

1 April 1939

See Foreign relations of Spain

Haiti has an embassy in Madrid.
Spain has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.^[20]

Suriname}}

See Foreign relations of Suriname

Haiti has an embassy and a consulate-general in Paramaribo.
Suriname has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Taiwan}}

See Haiti-Taiwan relations

Haiti maintains a embassy in Taipei.
Taiwan maintains a embassy in Port-au-Prince.
Haitian President Jovenel Moise met with Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-Wen in Taipei since 2018.
Taiwan has offered US$150 million to Haiti for building up its rural power grid following its destruction in the 2010 earthquake.

Trinidad and Tobago}}

See Foreign relations of Trinidad and Tobago

Haiti has an embassy in Port-of-Spain.
Trinidad and Tobago has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

United Kingdom}}

1859

See Foreign relations of the United Kingdom

Haiti has an embassy in London and a consulates-general in Providenciales in Turks and Caicos Islands.
United Kingdom has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

United States}}

1862

See Haiti–United States relations

Haiti has an embassy in Washington, D.C. and a consulates-general in Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York City, Orlando and Philadelphia.^[21]
United States has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.^[22]

Uruguay}}

See Foreign relations of Venezuela

Haiti has an embassy in Montevideo.
Uruguay has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Venezuela}}

See Haiti–Venezuela relations

Haiti has an embassy in Caracas.
Venezuela has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Vietnam}}

See Foreign relations of Vietnam

Haiti has an embassy in Hanoi.
Vietnam has an embassy in Port-au-Prince.

Relations by country

See also

References

External links