词条 | Fort Edward Johnson |
释义 |
Though Colonel Johnson had been victorious at the Battle of Camp Allegheny, where Johnson had been given the nickname "Allegheny" and was subsequently officially promoted to General, they suffered significant losses, and other Confederate setbacks in the Western Theater of operations influenced Robert E. Lee to order Johnson to take his forces east to better protect the strategic city of Staunton, as well as the Shenandoah Valley.[1] Johnson moved his forces {{convert|40|mi|abbr=on}} east along the Staunton and Parkersburg Turnpike and determined that the low gap along the crest of Shenandoah Mountain where the turnpike passed through would be the best location to build a defensive position to fight off any advancing Union Army forces. Starting on April 5, 1862, members of the Army of the Northwest spent the next two weeks constructing breastworks and cutting down parts of the forest along the western approaches to the fort. The fort was named after the commanding officer on April 6th.[1] General Johnson was ordered east to rendezvous with General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's army near Staunton on April 19th, and the fort was abandoned to the advancing Union forces who occupied the position without a shot being fired. On May 7, 1862, Johnson's resupplied army again advanced west and retook the fort that had been abandoned by the Union forces. Johnson did not linger, by the next day his forces had left the fort and they marched westward to engage their opponents.[2] Fort Edward Johnson is adjacent to U.S. Route 250 at the mountain pass of the route on top of Shenandoah Mountain and is {{convert|26|mi}} west of Staunton, Virginia ({{Coord|38|18|54|N|079|23|12|W|display=inline, title}}).[3] A {{convert|.50|mi|adj=on}} walkway leading from a parking area through the confederate breastworks provides an interpretive opportunity. The parking area also provides access to the Shenandoah Mountain Trail and Ramsey's Draft Wilderness. The remains of the fort are within George Washington and Jefferson National Forests on the border of Augusta and Highland counties, Virginia.[4] References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last=Geier|first=Clarence R.|title=Confederate Fortification and Troop Deployment in a Mountain Landscape: Fort Edward Johnson and Camp Shenandoah, April 1862|journal=Historical Archeology|volume=37|issue=3|pages=31–45|publisher=Society for Historical Archaeology|date=2003|jstor=25617078}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Gallagher|first1=Gary W.|authorlink=Gary W. Gallagher |title=The Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862|date=May 5, 2003|publisher=The University of North Carolina Press|isbn=978-0807827864|pages=118–119|url=https://books.google.com/?id=ex4K7To8MU8C&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=camp+shenandoah+edward+johnson|accessdate=September 22, 2014}} 3. ^{{cite gnis|id=1488971|name=Confederate Breastworks|accessdate=September 28, 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Confederate Breastworks Interpretive Site|publisher=U.S. Forest Service|url=http://www.fs.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsinternet/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gDfxMDT8MwRydLA1cj72BTSw8jAwgAykeaxcN4jhYG_h4eYX5hPgYwefy6w0H24dcPNgEHcDTQ9_PIz03VL8iNMMgycVQEAIzTHkw!/dl3/d3/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnZ3LzZfME80MEkxVkFCOTBFMktTNUJIMjAwMDAwMDA!/?ss=110808&ttype=recarea&recid=73663&actid=50&navtype=BROWSEBYSUBJECT&position=BROWSEBYSUBJECT&navid=110160000000000&pnavid=110000000000000&cid=FSE_003714&pname=George+Washington+%26+Jefferson+National+Forest+-+Confederate+Breastworks+Interpretive+Site|accessdate=September 28, 2014}} 2 : American Civil War forts in Virginia|1862 establishments in Virginia |
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