| 词条 | Foss Maritime |
| 释义 |
| name = Foss Maritime | image = Brynn Foss tugboat.jpg | image_caption = Brynn Foss in Redondo Beach, California | type = | genre = Tug, barge, and towing | foundation = 1889[1] | founder = Thea Foss, Andrew Foss | location_city = | location_country = United States | location = | locations = | area_served = | key_people = | industry = | products = | services = | market cap = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | assets = | equity = | owner = Saltchuk | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = {{url|foss.com}} | footnotes = | intl = }} Foss Maritime (formerly Foss Launch and Tug Company) is an American shipping company. The company was founded in 1889 by Thea Foss (1857–1927) and her husband Andrew Foss. The company is now the largest tug and towing concern on the west coast of the United States. July 2, 2013, Foss Marine Holdings announced that (effective at that date) it merges all of its operations and resources under a single name: 'Foss Maritime Company'.[2] Founding and early yearsThe Foss concern began in 1889[3] with a single rowboat which Thea Foss rented by the day in Tacoma while her husband Andrew, a builder, was working on a construction project. At the end of the building, the Fosses realized that Thea's boat had made them more money than Andrew's carpentry. They acquired more boats, and soon began operating larger vessels, branching out into sailboats, naptha launches, gasoline-engined vessels, and scows and barges. By 1916 Foss Launch and Tug Company bought Captain O.G. Olson's Tacoma towing business, including the steam tugs Echo, Elf, and Olympian. When Thea Foss died in 1927, the company owned 27 gasoline, diesel, and steam powered vessels, and numerous unpowered barges. Later yearsFoss tug dieselised their fleet c.1930. In this way, they were in a better position to weather the Depression. Their small competition either went under or were bought out. During the Second World War, Foss tugs were seconded to the US Navy to fight in the Pacific. Tugs were needed to help the Navy in the South Pacific; in the North Pacific with the Aleutian Campaign; in Alaska with the Alaska Highway. More tugs were built in the emergency program and these became available after the war. Foss tug would buy and sell used tugboats and name them with a member of the family. Many famous tugs from the Seattle area have been renamed for a Foss. The condition of the vessel and the number of work contracts at the time dictated ownership. Foss owned several Miki-class tugs. In the post war years, large pulp mills were built around Puget Sound, as were large bridges. These provided work for the tugs. Cement, chemicals, pulp, aircraft, fish, and the Cold War, with the DEW line in Alaska, provided work . The North Slope oil boom continued the work for tugs after 1968. By this time Foss had expanded to deep sea work and had become harbor tugs in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Foss Maritime has 90 tugs and an equal number of barges. Early vesselsFoss Maritime started out only with rowboats with their signature white and green trim paint. Sooner than later Foss started expanding their venue of work. They saw what the people of Washington wanted, so they expanded to developing towing tugs. Some of their first powered vessels were built by the hands of the Foss family itself. Her first power vessel was the St. Patrick, a steamer that operated in the Commencement Bay. The steamer ran aground, and was fully rebuilt by Thea's carpenter husband. The boat was then sold for another steamer. Their second powered vessel was Lizzie A. This was one of the worst boats the Foss family ever owned and quickly sold the unreliable vessel for $500. One of the most important ships this is still seen today in the Puget Sound area is the vessel called Hope. This was a naphtha-fueled vessel that solely operated rafting giant Douglas Fir logs in the sound area.[4] Bay AreaOn September 1, 1993, Foss Maritime expanded into the San Francisco Bay Area, maintaining a pool of vessels and barges for Tug/Barge escort, docking, and other services in conjunction with SeaRiver maritime. Today Foss provides three large conventional SeaRiver tugs and one Foss cyclodial tractor tug. The Foss SeaRiver Tug office is located at 150A West Industrial Way, Benicia, CA 94510-1016.[5] Current officers
Hybrid TechnologyIn recent times, Foss Maritime has been working on lowering their NOx and carbon dioxide emissions. Foss constructed a hybrid tug, Caroline Dorothy, to reduce atmospheric pollution. Their hybrid craft cuts down as much as 44% of harmful emissions dispersed into the atmosphere.[6] The boat idles only 7% of the time. The hybrid tugboat uses diesel power when under sail, and recharges the hybrid batteries when anchored, reducing fuel consumption. During other times, the hybrid tug is battery-powered. The boat has both hybrid and diesel power working on the same drive shaft. This hybrid craft operates on two different fuel systems. When the tug needs power, it switches to diesel. While it is using diesel, the power generated by the propeller charges the craft's hybrid system.{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}} In July 2013, Foss announced to retrofit a third tug. Other new developmentsFoss Maritime developed and built an ASD Z-Drive and Voith Schneider Propulsion cyclodial tractor tugs capable of working with the largest vessels in its operating area.[7] AwardsIn 2008, the United States Coast Guard awarded Foss Maritime its most prestigious environmental honor for developing the low-emission, hybrid tugboat Green Dolphin. The award was the William M. Benkert 'gold' award for their impact on the environment. Earlier, in June 2008, Foss won the Environmental Protection Agency's Clean Air Excellence Award, also for their green tug. Foss also received a Commendation-Environmental Award from BP Shipping and an honorable mention for the 2008 Port of Seattle Environmental Business of the Year award.[8] Foss has maintained their green technology. Recently, the company has been working on bringing a sister ship hybrid tug into the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach.[9] OtherThea Foss, the founder of Foss Maritime, was the inspiration for the 1933 feature-length movie called Tugboat Annie, and also a TV show with the same title. References1. ^Foss Maritime Career 2. ^{{cite press release |url=http://www.foss.com/wp-content/uploads/Merger-press-release_v5_final.pdf |format=pdf |title=Foss Unifies All Operations Under Single Name |website=Foss Maritime Company |date=2 July 2013}} 3. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Newell |editor-first=Gordon R |title=H.W. McCurdy Marine History of the Pacific Northwest |publisher=Superior Publishing Co. |location=Seattle |date=1966 |page=392}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Thea Foss launches the future tugboat firm on the Tacoma waterfront in the summer of 1889 |url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=5045 |website=History Link |first=Priscilla |last=Long |date=January 11, 2003}} 5. ^{{cite web |last=Sacco |first=Sam |title=Foss Maritime and SeaRiver Maritime Inc. to provide Bay Area tug services |url=http://198.189.53.33:2062/abicomplete/docview/445527805/136465CDF0074CFF767/1?accountid=10353 |publisher=Business Wire |accessdate=April 23, 2012 |subscription=yes}} 6. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.fossmaritime.com/wp-content/uploads/Sept10TowBitts.pdf |format=pdf |title=Foss will Convert Tractor Tug to Hybrid Power |journal=Tow Bitts |volume=23 |issue=3 |date=September 2010 |page=3 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304235231/http://www.fossmaritime.com/wp-content/uploads/Sept10TowBitts.pdf |archivedate=2016-03-04 |df= }} 7. ^{{cite web |last=Jaeger |first=Stephanie |title=Foss Maritime Company: 1889 rowboat investment keeps growing |url=http://198.189.53.33:2062/abicomplete/docview/872822097/1364645E81969FFAA52/9?accountid=10353 |publisher=Alaska Business Monthly |accessdate=April 23, 2012 |subscription=yes}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=Foss Maritime Company; Foss Maritime Receives Highest Honor for Environmental Stewardship |url=http://198.189.53.33:2062/abicomplete/docview/216281170/136465B5CF31AC85E6D/13?accountid=10353|publisher=Anonymous. Resource Week |accessdate=April 23, 2012 |subscription=yes}} 9. ^{{cite news |title=Arctic Oil & Gas Directory: Foss Maritime hybrid tug on way to California |url=http://www.petroleumnews.com/pntruncate/851054293.shtml |work=Petroleum News |volume=17 |number=14 |date=April 1, 2012}} Further reading
External links
3 : Shipping companies of the United States|Companies based in Tacoma, Washington|Women company founders |
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