| 词条 | Red-billed firefinch |
| 释义 |
| image = Red-billed firefinch (Lagonosticta senegala senegala) male.jpg | image2 = Red-billed firefinch (Lagonosticta senegala senegala) female.jpg | image2_caption = male and female of the nominate subspecies, both in The Gambia | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Lagonosticta | species = senegala | authority = (Linnaeus, 1766) | synonyms = Fringilla senegala {{small|Linnaeus, 1766}} }} The red-billed firefinch or Senegal firefinch (Lagonosticta senegala) is a small passerine bird. This estrildid finch is a resident breeding bird in most of Sub-Saharan Africa with an estimated global extent of occurrence of 10,000,000 km2. This species was introduced to Egypt, however, the introduced population has become extinct. The species was also introduced to southern Algeria where it’s currently expanding northward. [2]TaxonomyIn 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the red-billed firefinch in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Senegal. He used the French name Le Sénégali rouge and the Latin Senegalus Ruber.[3] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[4] When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[4] One of these was the red-billed firefinch. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Fringilla senegala and cited Brisson's work.[5] The species is now placed in the genus Lagonosticta that was introduced by the German ornithologists Jean Cabanis in 1851.[6] There are six subspecies:[7]
DescriptionThe red-billed firefinch is {{cvt|10|cm}} in length. The adult male has entirely scarlet plumage apart from brown wings. The bill is pink, and there is a yellow eye-ring. Females have uniformly brown upperparts and buff underparts. There is a small red patch in front of both eyes, and the bill is pink. Range and habitatThis widespread and abundant species is often found around human habitation, often with other species such as the red-cheeked cordon-bleu, and its soft queet-queet call is a familiar African sound. The song is a rising chick-pea-pea-pea. The red-billed firefinch is a small gregarious bird which feeds mainly on grain and other seeds. It frequents open grassland and cultivation. The nest is a large domed grass structure with a side entrance, built low in a bush, wall or thatch into which three to six white eggs are laid. The nest of this species is parasitised by the village indigobird. ==References== 1. ^{{IUCN|id=22719440 |title=Lagonosticta senegala |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^MaghrebOrnitho. 2017. Expansion of Red-billed Firefinch in Algeria. Consulted: 26 January 2019. 3. ^{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=Volume 3 | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=208-210, Plate 10 fig 2 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35953211 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen. 4. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/678}} 5. ^{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | authorlink=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=Volume 1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=320 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946516 }} 6. ^{{ cite book | last1=Cabanis | first1=Jean | author1-link=Jean Cabanis | last2=Heine | first2=Ferdinand | author2-link=Ferdinand Heine | year=1860 | title=Museum Heineanum : Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, auf Gut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt | volume=Volume 1 | language=German, Latin | place=Halbertstadt | publisher=R. Frantz | page=171 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/49584550 }} 7. ^{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Waxbills, parrotfinches, munias, whydahs, Olive Warbler, accentors, pipits | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/waxbills/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=5 May 2018 }}
External links
4 : Lagonosticta|Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa|Birds described in 1766|Birds of East Africa |
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