“Francis D. Lee”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Francis D. Lee (1826–1885) was an American architect and inventor from Charleston, South Carolina.

Life

He graduated from the College of Charleston in 1846 and completed his master's degree in 1848. He worked closely with the community of Charleston, through his work as a member of the South Carolina Society, the Scots Rites Masonic Lodge and as a member of the Unitarian Church.^[1] In 1852 he was hired as the architect to design the enlarged and remodeled Unitarian Church in Charleston, which took him 2 years to complete.^[2] He worked as an architect until the outbreak of the American Civil War, where he became a Confederate Army Captain under the staffing of General Beauregard,^[3] who took full advantage of his inventiveness, by encouraging him to design and construct (with assistance) a small Torpedo Boat, named The Torch. This boat was a spar boat, named so due to explosive devices placed at the end of a long pole or spar, in The Torch's case, it had 3 such spar's mounted to the bow to attack blockading warships.^[4]

After the war, he returned to Charleston to set up a partnership with Edward C. Jones which became the firm Jones & Lee,^[2] under this guise he went on to design many nationally recognised buildings and monuments (largely during the 1850s). In 1868 he moved to St. Louis^[5] and teamed up with Thomas B. Annan, a local architect, they quickly built a reputation for themselves after winning a design competition for St. Louis Merchant's Exchange Building (it cost £2 million to build and was completed in 1875). Lee and Annan parted company in 1876.^[6]

In 1884, Lee along with several other local architects founded the first incarnation of the St. Louis Chapter of the American Institute of Architects.^[6]

Selected works

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Francis D. Lee – Architectural Extraordinair|url=http://www.elliotthouseinn.com/francis-d-lee-architectural-extraordinair/|website=The Elliott House Inn|accessdate=4 November 2015|ref=ehi1}}
2. ^¹{{cite web|title=Charleston's Historic Religious and Community Buildings|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/charleston/architecture.htm|website=nps.gov|accessdate=4 November 2015|ref=nps1}}
3. ^{{cite news|last1=Beard|first1=Rick|title=David vs. Goliath|url=http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/10/08/david-vs-goliath/|accessdate=4 November 2015|work=The New York Times|date=8 October 2013}}
4. ^{{cite book|last1=Tucker|first1=Spencer C.|title=Blue & gray navies the Civil War afloat|date=2006|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Md.|isbn=9781612513591|pages=26|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5q9l2f7lm1QC&pg=RA5-PA26&lpg=RA5-PA26&dq=Francis+D.+Lee&source=bl&ots=FuXYKGChc2&sig=HOS1fvsXi6oKaorh-L5HujFYQp0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBzgKahUKEwi3yfDDxffIAhVI6RQKHfmJDKo#v=onepage&q&f=false|accessdate=4 November 2015}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Bryan|first1=John M.|title=Creating the South Carolina State House|date=1998|publisher=University of South Carolina Press|location=Columbia, SC|isbn=1570032912|page=76|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ezb8N8_yxiwC&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=Edward+C.+Jones+and+Francis+D.+Lee&source=bl&ots=cYnnPTD3iY&sig=BJAgKCbUXAJ7VEYY2GS8_uX4p0A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC8Q6AEwBGoVChMI65mv6d_3yAIVwnIUCh1OnAqj#v=onepage&q=Edward%20C.%20Jones%20and%20Francis%20D.%20Lee&f=false|accessdate=4 November 2015}}
6. ^¹{{cite web|last1=Toft|first1=Carolyn Hewes|title=Thomas B. Annan (1839-1906)|url=http://www.landmarks-stl.org/architects/bio/thomas_b_annan_1839_1906/|website=Landmarks-STL|accessdate=4 November 2015}}
7. ^{{cite news | title=St. Luke's (Episcopal) Church | work=The Mercury | date=February 15, 1862 | location=Charleston, South Carolina | pages=2}}