“Francis Espinasse”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Espinasse came from a Gascon French background.^[2] He was born in Edinburgh, and studied at Edinburgh University.^[1]^[3] As a young man, he was warned against life as a man of letters by Francis Jeffrey and William Wordsworth.^[4]

Espinasse went to London in 1843, to work for the British Museum as an assistant; but he left his post after a clash with Anthony Panizzi. He became close to the Carlyles, and Thomas Carlyle supported his career, which took him to Manchester and back to Edinburgh.^[1]^[3] He published on 20 October 1847 in the Manchester Examiner an article on Ralph Waldo Emerson, who was starting out on a British lecture tour, in terms which set a pattern for later coverage.^[5]^[6] When the Lancashire Public School Association was set up in 1848, he became its Secretary, assisted by Edwin Waugh.^[7] In 1849 he was promoting the memory of Joseph Arkwright in a lecture at the Manchester Mechanics' Institute.^[8]

A prolific freelance writer, Espinasse became a major contributor to The Critic in the early 1850s, introduced by William Maccall. Under the pseudonym Herodotus Smith he gave an insider's view of the literary world (other pseudonyms—he used at least three—were Lucian Paul and Frank Grave).^[9]^[10]^[11] He edited the Edinburgh Evening Courant from 1864 to 1867, taking over when James Hannay moved to London, and being replaced by the new owner, Charles Wescomb, by James Scot Henderson.^[12]^[13]

The long-lived Espinasse was in the end thought of as "the Nestor of Victorian journalism". He was remembered as a biographer of French philosophers, and substantial contributor to the Dictionary of National Biography (he is one of those credited with its conception).^[14]^[15] He became a Poor Brother of the London Charterhouse, supplying a pension.^[16]

Works

Notes

1. ^¹²{{cite book|author=Mark Cumming|title=The Carlyle Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Nvdx-4-CzoC&pg=PA152|date=January 2004|publisher=Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press|isbn=978-0-8386-3792-0|page=152}}
2. ^{{cite book|author=Asa Briggs|title=A History of Longmans and Their Books, 1724-1990: Longevity in Publishing|page=244|year=2008|publisher=British Library|isbn=978-0-7123-4873-7}}
3. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/p1athenaeum1912lond#page/16/mode/2up|title=The Athenaeum|date=1912|page=17|work=Internet Archive|accessdate=19 May 2015}}
4. ^{{cite book|author=Asa Briggs|title=A History of Longmans and Their Books, 1724-1990: Longevity in Publishing|page=244 note 52|year=2008|publisher=British Library|isbn=978-0-7123-4873-7}}
5. ^Townsend Scudder III, Emerson's British Lecture Tour, 1847-1848, Part I: The Preparations for the Tour, and the Nature of Emerson's Audiences, American Literature Vol. 7, No. 1 (Mar., 1935), pp. 15–36 at p. 19. Published by: Duke University Press. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2920329
6. ^{{cite book|author=James Miller|title=The Philosophical Life: Twelve Great Thinkers and the Search for Wisdom, from Socrates to Nietzsche|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bxIaooyhrOgC&pg=PA393|date=3 January 2013|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=978-1-85168-956-9|page=393 note}}
7. ^{{cite book|author=Samuel Edwin Maltby|title=Manchester and the Movement for National Elementary Education, 1800-1870|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=58XnAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA70|year=1918|publisher=Manchester University Press|page=70|id=GGKEY:27LQCN3RUX3}}
8. ^{{cite book|author=Christine MacLeod|title=Heroes of Invention: Technology, Liberalism and British Identity, 1750-1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhMHZdm4U-QC&pg=PA197|date=20 December 2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-87370-3|page=197}}
9. ^{{cite book|author=Alvin Sullivan|title=British Literary Magazines: The Augustan age and the age of Johnson, 1698-1788|pages=98–9|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-22871-1}}
10. ^{{cite book|author1=Laurel Brake|author2=Marysa Demoor|title=Dictionary of Nineteenth-century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVrUTUelE6YC&pg=PA97|year=2009|publisher=Academia Press|isbn=978-90-382-1340-8|page=97}}
11. ^{{cite book|author=Asa Briggs|title=A History of Longmans and Their Books, 1724-1990: Longevity in Publishing|page=243|year=2008|publisher=British Library|isbn=978-0-7123-4873-7}}
12. ^{{cite book|author=Frederick Wilse Bateson|title=The Cambridge bibliography of English literature. 2. 1660 - 1800|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uak8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA807|year=1940|publisher=CUP Archive|page=807|id=GGKEY:SQT257C7TNL}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/mastersofenglish00escouoft#page/286/mode/2up|title=Masters of English journalism: a study of personal forces|last=Escott|first=Thomas Hay Sweet|authorlink=Thomas Hay Sweet Escott|year=1911|work=Internet Archive|publisher=T. F. Unwin|page=286|accessdate=22 May 2015|location=London}}
14. ^Julian Moore and Christopher Whittick, Depictions of Georgina: Aspects of social identity in two portraits by Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The British Art Journal Vol. 6, No. 1 (Spring/Summer 2005), pp. 3–20, at p. 10. Published by: The British Art Journal. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/41615319
15. ^{{cite book|author=Asa Briggs|title=A History of Longmans and Their Books, 1724-1990: Longevity in Publishing|page=244 note 54|year=2008|publisher=British Library|isbn=978-0-7123-4873-7}}
16. ^{{cite book|author=Nigel Cross|title=The Common Writer: Life in Nineteenth-Century Grub Street|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qi84AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA81|date=9 June 1988|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=978-0-521-35721-0|page=81}}
17. ^{{cite book|author=Francis Espinasse|title=Life and Times of François-Marie Arouet, calling himself Voltaire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtdZAAAAcAAJ|year=1866}}
18. ^{{cite book|author=Frederick Wilse Bateson|title=The Cambridge bibliography of English literature. 2. 1660 - 1800|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uak8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA784|year=1940|publisher=CUP Archive|pages=784–|id=GGKEY:SQT257C7TNL}}
19. ^{{cite book|author=Chris Nottingham|title=The Pursuit of Serenity: Havelock Ellis and the New Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iNue9wGvKm8C&pg=PA26|year=1999|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-5356-386-1|page=26 note}}