“Francis James Jackson”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Francis James Jackson (December 1770 – 5 August 1814) was a British diplomat, ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, Prussia and the United States.

Career

Francis Jackson entered the diplomatic service aged only 16 and served as a Foreign Office clerk. In April 1788 he brought back from The Hague the signed copy of "a treaty of defensive alliance between His Majesty and the States General of the United Provinces" which was signed on 15 April.^[2]^[3] This treaty and a subsequent alliance with Prussia in August 1788 created a "Triple Alliance" against Russia which, however, lasted only until 1791.

In 1789 Jackson was appointed Secretary to the British legation in Berlin.^[4] He later held a similar post in Madrid^[5] where he acted as Minister (head of mission) ad interim after the departure of Lord St Helens in 1794 until the arrival of the Marquess of Bute in 1795 (because Lord Yarmouth, who should have succeeded St Helens, did not go).^[6] Jackson was then appointed ambassador to the Ottoman Porte in 1796.^[7] In November 1801 Marquess Cornwallis was sent to France to finalise peace terms: the negotiations took place at Amiens, and resulted in the Treaty of Amiens signed on 25 March 1802. Cornwallis took with him to Amiens the secretary to the embassy in Paris, Anthony Merry, and Jackson was sent to take Merry's place ad interim with the rank of minister-plenipotentiary.^[8] In October 1802 he moved on to be Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Prussia in Berlin,^[9] where he stayed until 1806 when Prussia was defeated in the War of the Fourth Coalition. In 1807 he was sent on a special mission to Denmark where he witnessed the bombardment of Copenhagen.

In 1809 Jackson was sent to Washington, D.C., as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary^[10] after the recall of David Erskine when the British government refused to ratify Erskine's attempt to resolve the difficulties following a conflict between HMS Leopard and the US frigate Chesapeake (the Chesapeake–Leopard Affair). Jackson remained at Washington until 1811. He died at Brighton, after a long illness, in 1814. The Morning Post reported his death thus:

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.com/Journal-British-Chaplain-During-Negotiations/dp/1331235197|title=The Journal of a British Chaplain in Paris During the Peace Negotiations of 1801–2: From the Unpublished Ms. Of the Revd; Dawson Warren, M.A., ... Jackson, Edited With Notes, a Preface, and: A. M. Broadley|isbn= 9781331235194|website= Amazon.com: Books|publisher=Forgotten Books |date=July 12, 2015}}
2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=12982 |date=19 April 1788 |page=181}}
3. ^{{cite book |last=Chalmers |first=George |date=1790 |title=A Collection of Treaties Between Great Britain and Other Powers, Volume I |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fLcGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA199&lpg=PA204 |pages=199–204 |publisher=John Stockdale |place=London}}
4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=13114 |date=14 July 1789 |page=493}}
5. ^{{London Gazette |issue=13364 |date=22 November 1791 |page=649}}
6. ^{{cite book |title=The Later Correspondence of George III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zaBOAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA119 |page=19 (footnote) |publisher=CUP Archive |date=1962}}
7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=13914 |date=23 July 1796 |page=704}}
8. ^{{cite book |last=Grainger |first=John |title=The Amiens Truce: Britain and Bonaparte, 1801–1803 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTIKDcuLoGoC&pg=PA59 |page=59 |publisher=Boydell Press |place=Woodbridge |date=2004}}
9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=15513 |date=7 September 1802 |page=953}}
10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=16260 |date=23 May 1809 |page=736}}

External links

Records relating to Francis James Jackson at the UK National Archives