| 词条 | Franklin Bechly |
| 释义 |
Franklin Bechly (1873-1965) was Iowa 6th District Judge from 1927 to 1959. Judge Bechly presided during the 1938 Maytag Corporation labor dispute. The strike by UE Local 1116 was a test of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 against the back-to-work movement of the Maytag Corporation. The Governor of Iowa declared martial law in Newton, Iowa to break the strike, and Judge Bechly continued to preside until agreements were reached and martial law was lifted. {{infobox person| name = Franklin Bechly | image = Frank Bechly.jpg | birth_date = May 18. 1873 | birth_place = Searsboro, Iowa, United States | death_date = April 2, 1965 | death_place = Montezuma, Iowa, United States | nationality = United States | other_names = Frank Bechly | occupation = Iowa 6th District Judge | known_for = 1938 Maytag strike injunctions }} Early lifeFranklin Bechly was born to Freiderich August Bechly (1835-1916) and Lydia Marie Weesner (1850-1899) in Searsboro, Poweshiek County, Iowa.[1] In 1903, Franklin married Edith Morgan (1880-1960). Although they had no children of their own, they parented two foster children. CareerFollowing graduation from Iowa State College, Frank Bechly became Clerk of Court at the Poweshiek County Courthouse in Montezuma, Iowa.[2] In 1927, he was appointed 6th District Judge by Iowa Governor John Hammill,[3] and served until his retirement in 1959. Frank Bechly formed the law firm Bechly, McNeil & Bonham,[4] and also formed Bechly & Company, the first property abstract company in Poweshiek County, Iowa.[5] Role in the Maytag Corporation 1938 labor disputeIn 1938 the Maytag Corporation instituted a 10% pay cut for its workforce at its manufacturing facility in Newton, Iowa. This action prompted a labor dispute and historic strike by the United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America (UE) Local 1116 which had been formed there the prior year. The strike began May 9, 1938 and set the UE Local 1116, which was empowered by the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, against the back-to-work movement of the Maytag Corporation. In her 2006 book, Radical Unionism in the Midwest, Rosemary Feurer details the role of Judge Frank Bechly in establishing injunctions against union activities that would interfere with the back-to-work movement by Maytag Corporation.[6] On June 10, Judge Bechly issued an injunction prohibiting union activists from dissuading Maytag workers from crossing the lines. On June 22, Judge Bechly expanded the injunction to prohibit the union from mass picketing, trespassing on company property, and interfering with employees who wished to return to work. On June 23, UE Local 1116 leader Hollis Hall defied Judge Bechly's injunction by organizing a takeover of the Maytag plant that lasted until July 1. Hall and two others were arrested on July 7 and charged with kidnapping for holding five foremen as prisoners during the takeover. Hall was also charged with criminal syndicalism.[7] Iowa Judge Homer Fuller was brought in for the trial of these and other union leaders, including UE President James B. Carey, who had been arrested for violating Judge Bechly's injunctions.[8] Judge Fuller offered to dismiss charges if the union leaders would agree to end the strike. With no agreement, the union leaders were convicted and sentenced on July 13. Injunction violations continued and additional arrests of unionists occurred on July 18. UE Local 1116 held a rally on July 19 and planned for mass picketing to prevent the reopening of the Maytag plant. Confrontations on the picket line continued, prompting Iowa Governor Nelson Kraschel to declare martial law. Despite National Labor Relations Board requests for hearings regarding violations of the Wagner Act by Maytag, Governor Kraschel used his powers to order workers back to reopen the plant.[9] The strike attracted national attention, and ended August 4 following military intervention by four companies of the Iowa National Guard.[10] However, Governor Kraschel ordered martial law to continue until Judge Frank Bechly resolved the state cases against the union.[11] In mid August, Judge Bechly offered dismissal of the indictments and contempt of court citations against the union, if the union dismissed charges of unfair labor practices against Maytag.[12] Ultimately these agreements were reached, martial law was lifted, and the Maytag workers continued to make washing machines, but at a 10% reduction in pay. Notable casesThe following cases are among those that progressed to the Supreme Court of Iowa : Boyles v. Hotel Maytag Co., February 18, 1936[13]Allison v. Daugherty, March 10, 1942[14]Quinn v. Bechly, July 28, 1952[15]Emmert v. Neiman, June 15, 1954[16]Hall v. Town of Keota, December 11, 1956[17]Rhodes v. Iowa State Highway Comm., January 13, 1959[18]Gingerich v. Protein Blenders, March 10, 1959[19]See also
References1. ^Findagrave memorial for Franklin Bechly 2. ^Iowa Official Register, 1911, County Officers of Iowa, p. 284 3. ^Iowa Official Register 1929-1930, The District Court of Iowa, p. 177 4. ^Obituary of William Hoyt Bonham. Bechly, McNeil & Bonham notation 5. ^About Us. Security Title and Escrow Company. Bechly & Company notation] 6. ^Radical Unionism in the Midwest: 1900-1950, Chapter 4, The 1938 Maytag Strike, Rosemary Feurer, University of Illinois Press, 2006 7. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1499&dat=1938070&id=mLFQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FCIEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5583,3187785 Strikers held as Kidnappers, The Milwaukee Journal, July 7, 1938] 8. ^[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19380708&id=JE4sAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0coEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3483,661461 Three CIO men will face court, The Spartanburg Journal, July 8, 1938] 9. ^Northern Illinois University webpage on the 1938 Maytag strike {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907100916/http://www3.niu.edu/~td0raf1/radicalunionism/maytag_1938.htm |date=2015-09-07 }} 10. ^Maytag "Victory", Brooklyn NY Weekly People, August 20, 1938 11. ^Must accept Kraschel's terms to end marshal law in Newton, The Daily Iowan, August 13, 1938 12. ^Newton CIO Votes Refusal of Maytag Terms, The Daily Iowan, August 18, 1938 13. ^Boyles v. Hotel Maytag Co. 14. ^Allison v. Daugherty 15. ^Quinn V. Bechly 16. ^Emmert v. Neiman 17. ^Hall v. Town of Keota 18. ^Rhodes v. Iowa State Highway Comm. 19. ^Gingerich v. Protein Blenders External links
4 : Iowa state court judges|1873 births|1965 deaths|People from Montezuma, Iowa |
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