| 词条 | Frantz Jourdain |
| 释义 |
| name = Frantz Jourdain | image = Frantz Jourdain 1923.jpg | alt = | caption = Frantz Jourdain in 1923 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1847|10|03|df=y}} | birth_place = Antwerp, Belgium | death_date = {{Death date and age|1935|08|22|1847|10|03|df=y}} | death_place = Paris. France | nationality = Belgian, French | other_names = | occupation = Architect | known_for = }} Frantz Jourdain (3 October 1847 – 22 August 1935) was a Belgian architect and author. He is best known for La Samaritaine, an Art Nouveau department store built in the 1st arrondissement of Paris in three stages between 1904 and 1928. He was respected as an authority on Art Nouveau. LifeFrantz Jourdain was born in 1847. In the 1860s he studied in Paris at the École des Beaux-Arts.{{sfn|Frantz Jourdain (French, 1847–1935), MoMA}} He obtained French citizenship in 1870.{{sfn|Bruand|2015}} CriticJourdain was a theoretician of Art Nouveau.{{sfn|Jourdain, Frantz (1847-1935), BnF}} He began writing on the arts in 1875, and by the end of his life had published about two hundred articles in sixty magazines and newspapers, at first news items but later critical articles in which he expressed his thoughts on art. Some of these were gathered into collections in 1886 and 1931.{{sfn|Clatin|2003|p=37}} His writings were eclectic. Apart from writing on artistic questions he published a picareque romance, two collections of short stories, a novel, a play and two collections of portraits of artists.{{sfn|Clatin|2003|pp=42–43}} Between 1880 and 1910 Jourdain was at the forefront of the movement to renew and synthesize the arts, and played an important role in introducing new ideas. He discovered unknown painters of the late 19th century and was a great admirer of the Galerie des machines of the Exposition Universelle (1889), designed by Ferdinand Dutert and Victor Contamin.{{sfn|Bruand|2015}} In 1887 he was admitted to the Société des gens de lettres.{{sfn|Clatin|2003|p=43}} He had become a prominent and often quoted art critic by the 1890s, an opponent of academic training and of the English Arts and Crafts movement.{{sfn|Frantz Jourdain (French, 1847–1935), MoMA}} He was hostile to institutions such as the Beaux-Arts, which stifled new talent, and thought the Prix de Rome which sent artists to the Villa Medici to study the well-known antiquities was a waste of time.{{sfn|Clatin|2003|p=43}} ArchitectLa Samaritaine, a department store, was founded by Ernest Cognacq in 1870 when he leased a small part of a building for commercial use. He then bought the building, and in stages bought the building that faces it on the rue de la Monnaie. In 1885 he engaged Jourdain to redesign the original building, and at the same time began to improve the exterior of the building. In 1904 Cognacq decided to expand the store. Jourdain was given the job of creating the maximum amount of space as quickly and cheaply as possible, and designed a radical steel structure. The flamboyant exterior decoration was executed by his son, the decorator Francis Jourdain, the painter Eugène Grasset, the metalworker Edouard Schenck and the ceramist Alexandre Bigot.{{sfn|Grands magasins de la Samaritaine, Mérimée}} His use of glass and an exposed steel frame in this design was both radical and functional, although soon after completion it drew criticism from a new generation of architects that rejected Art Nouveau.{{sfn|Frantz Jourdain (French, 1847–1935), MoMA}} La Semeuse de Paris was built between 1910 and 1912 to house the credit department of La Samaritaine department stores for lending to the poorest customers. The art nouveau building also contained apartments. It was listed as a historical monument on 11 December 2000.{{sfn|La Semeuse, PSS-archi}} In 1925 Cognacq was authorized to construct a second building. Jourdain and Henri Sauvage began work in January 1926, and completed it in September 1928 after many changes from the original plan. At the request of the prefecture the steel frame was given a cream-colored stone exterior. Jourdain built Store 3 on the lot bounded by the rues de Rivoli, Pont-Neuf and Boucher between 1930 and 1933. The interior is best preserved in Store 2, with a glass roof, wide staircases and characteristic bright blue, green and orange colors.{{sfn|Grands magasins de la Samaritaine, Mérimée}} Later yearsFrom 1903 Jourdain was president of the Salon d'Automne. He was a founding member of the Société du Nouveau Paris, a group that promoted modernization of Paris.{{sfn|Frantz Jourdain (French, 1847–1935), MoMA}} Frantz Jourdain died in 1935. His son Francis Jourdain (1876-1958) was a designer, writer and painter.{{sfn|Campbell|2006|p=532}} Francis Jourdain said of the society in which he grew up that it was dominated by people who were highly opionated and quick to take sides. Although its members pretended to be in favor of liberty and compassion, he saw it as tainted by prejudices, xenophobia and extreme emotion. His father was very much typical of this society.{{sfn|Clausen|1987|p=184}} Buildings
Selected publications{{refbegin}}
|year=1889|publisher=L'Harmattan|isbn=978-2-296-02342-0}}
|title=Exposition Universelle de 1889: Constructions élevées Au Champ de Mars Par M. Ch. Garnier ... Pour Servir À L'histoire de L'habitation Humaine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZuJ6mQEACAAJ |year=1892|publisher=Librarie centrale des beaux-arts}}
|year=1893|publisher=Bibliothèque-Charpentier}}
|year=1895|publisher=BiblioBazaar|isbn=978-0-559-35084-9}}
|year=1902|publisher=H. Simonis Empis}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FM-KQwAACAAJ |year=1904|publisher=Société de propagation des livres d'art}}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0tXemAEACAAJ |year=1905|publisher=Galerie Georges Petit}}
|title=Inauguration du monument Jules Vallès (au Puy-en-Velay): (Discours prononcés par MM. le Dr Pierre Boyer, Henri Moulhiade, Frantz Jourdain.). |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6sMcgAACAAJ |year=1913|publisher=Badiou-Amant}}
|year=1914|publisher=Bernheim-Jeune}}
|year=1922|publisher=G. Crès}}
|year=1923|publisher=Ch. Massin}}
|year=1934}}
References{{notes}}{{commons category|Frantz Jourdain}}Sources{{refbegin}}
|last=Bruand|first=Yves|year=2015|chapter=JOURDAIN FRANTZ|title= Encyclopædia Universalis France|accessdate=2015-03-19}}
|last=Campbell|first=Gordon|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Decorative Arts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jGsVHV098K0C&pg=PA532|accessdate=2015-03-06 |date=2006-11-09|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-518948-3}}
|last=Clatin |first=Marianne |title= " Un brin de plume au manche du tire-ligne " : Frantz Jourdain (1847-1935) |journal=Livraisons d'histoire de l'architecture|issue=5 |year=2003|doi=10.3406/lha.2003.930|url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/lha_1627-4970_2003_num_5_1_930|accessdate=2015-03-19}}
|last=Clausen|first=Meredith L.|title=Décoration & Le Rationalisme Architecturaux a L'Exposition Universelle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jsoUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA168|accessdate=2015-03-06 |year=1987|publisher=Brill Archive|isbn=90-04-07879-7}}
|title=Frantz Jourdain (French, 1847–1935) |work=MoMA|year=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press|accessdate=2015-03-18}}
|title=Grands magasins de la Samaritaine|work=Mérimée|publisher=Ministre de la culture |url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=RETROUVER&FIELD_98=AUTR&VALUE_98=JOURDAIN%20fRANTZ%20&NUMBER=2&GRP=0&REQ=%28%28JOURDAIN%20fRANTZ%29%20%3aAUTR%20%29&USRNAME=nobody&USRPWD=4%24%2534P&SPEC=3&SYN=1&IMLY=&MAX1=1&MAX2=100&MAX3=100&DOM=Tous |accessdate=2015-03-19}}
|title=Jourdain, Frantz (1847-1935)|publisher=BnF |url=http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12751466z/PUBLIC |accessdate=2015-03-18}}
|title=La Semeuse|work=PSS-archi |accessdate=2015-03-19}}{{refend}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Jourdain, Frantz}} 8 : 1847 births|People from Antwerp|1935 deaths|Collège Stanislas de Paris alumni|19th-century French architects|20th-century French architects|French art critics|Art Nouveau architects |
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