“Franz Lucas”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Franz Bernhard Lucas (15 September 1911 in Osnabrück – 7 December 1994 in Elmshorn) was a German concentration camp doctor.

Franz Lucas was the son of a butcher.^[1] After attending school in Osnabrück and Meppen, he passed his Abitur in 1933. He studied four semesters of Philology in Münster, and graduated in medical studies in Rostock and Danzip/Gdansk in 1942, where in the same year he was awared his medical doctorate.

From June 1933 to September 1934 he was a member of the SA, from May 1, 1937 in the NSDAP, and from November 15, 1937 in the SS (SS no. 350 030). In 1943 he reached the rank of SS First Lieutenant. In 1942 Lucas received a two-month training course under a leader contender in the Waffen-SS medical academy in Graz.

After that, he was medical officer in Nuremberg and Belgrade. Because of "defeatist remarks" Lucas had to serve a short time in a probation unit. By letter of 27 September 1943, he was on 1 October 1943 Führungshauptamt - Office Group D - ordered to report to medical service of the Waffen SS in Berlin. As of December 15, 1943 he was transferred to the Office D III for Sanitation and Camp Hygiene of WVHA in Oranienburg, led by Enno Lolling.

From mid-December 1943 to late summer of 1944 Lucas was a camp doctor in I Auschwitz (Truppenarzt) and operating in the Auschwitz concentration camp (Gypsy camp, Theresienstadt family camp). Afterwards he had further short-term missions in the Mauthausen concentration camp in 1944, Stutthof concentration camp in 1944, Ravensbrück Concentration Camp in 1944 and Sachsenhausen in January 1945, where he served in March 1945 and appeared in Berlin with a letter of recommendation from a female Norwegian prisoner from the Ravensbrück concentration camp. Before the Battle of Berlin Lucas fled in April 1945 to the west.

His colleague in Ravensbrück Percy Treite said during the first Ravensbrück process about him: "Dr. Lucas was not under my responsibility, he took part in selections for the gas chamber and in shootings. After disagreements with Dr. Trommer he went to Sachsenhausen and was sent as a punishment by all camps in Germany." ^[2]

The reason for this disagreement with Treite was that Lucas and he issuing death certificates for deceased prisoners from the concentration camp Uckermark had, they would never take a close look denied. In addition, he was - Treite - been present at the first shootings, after he had denied his participation and Lucas had to take over its activities; but Lucas had denied after a few days.^[3]

Immediately after the war Lucas escaped the denazification process and immediately got a job at the city hospital in Elmshorn, first as a medical assistant, then as assistant medical director and finally as chief physician of the gynecological department. On learning of the charges against him, he lost his job in 1963 and worked in private practice.

Auschwitz Trial

During the trial in the first Auschwitz trial in 1963-1965, which Lucas spent partly in his investigations, he first denied having carried out selections; He also denied that he had given the sign for the use of Zyklon B in the gasification chambers and had supervised the assassination. Testimony statements contradict this presentation.

On the 137th day of the trial, one of the defendants said for the first time as a witness against a co-defendant in a concentration camp trial. Former SS ringleader Stefan Baretzki: "I was not blind when Dr. Lucas had selected on the ramp. ... Five thousand men, he sent them in half an hour, and today he wants to stand as a savior."

With an increasingly unfavorable process, Lucas now agreed that he had been involved in four selections, but had acted against his conviction and on orders.

The jury in Frankfurt am Main sentenced him on August 20, 1965, to a total of three years and three months, for at least 1000 people in at least four selections. On March 26, 1968, Lucas was released from custody. In the revision verdict before the Federal Supreme Court of 20 February 1969 a new process was ordered. The question about the "compulsion at the ramp" of Auschwitz must be rethought due to the positive character image of Lucas presented in the process. On 8 October 1970 he was released. In this context, many prisoners spoke positively about Lucas, while the statements that led to his condemnation were based on hearsay.

Lucas was "involved in the extermination of human beings", but "did not deal with perpetrators, but only against his will", citing the so-called "putative emergency" according to § 52 StGB. Therefore, "no charge of guilt in the criminal sense" could be made.

From 1970 to 30 September 1983 he again worked in his own private practice and died on 7 December 1994.

Auschwitz Trial

Further reading

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