| 词条 | Franz Wolf (SS officer) |
| 释义 |
|name=Franz Wolf |birth_date=9 April 1907 |death_date= |birth_place=Krummau, German Empire |death_place= |image=Franz Wolf (Nazi).jpg |image_size=170 |caption=SS-Oberscharführer Franz Wolf in civilian clothing |nickname= |allegiance={{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch= Schutzstaffel |serviceyears= |rank= Oberscharführer |commands=Sobibor extermination camp |unit= SS-Totenkopfverbände |width_style= person }}SS-Oberscharführer Franz Wolf (born 9 April 1907) was a German Nazi senior squad leader serving with the Action T4 forced euthanasia program, and later, at the Sobibór extermination camp in occupied Poland during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, codenamed Operation Reinhard. Leading a normal life in West Germany for the next twenty years,[1][2] along with thousands of war criminals protected by Konrad Adenauer,[1][2] Wolf was arrested in 1964,[1][2] and indicted during the Sobibór trial with participating in the murder of 115,000 Jews. On 20 December 1966,[2] the court in Hagen sentenced him to eight years in prison for taking part in the mass murder of "at least 39,000 Jews".[3][4] CareerLittle is known about his private life except that Wolf came from Krummau. He was in the Czechoslovak Army and in the German Wehrmacht, before he was posted to Hadamar Euthanasia Centre and the Heidelberg Psychiatric Clinic where the killing of patients deemed beyond the reach of therapy was taking place.[5] In the name of science, Wolf photographed the mentally ill before they were gassed.[11] Together with his brother Josef Wolf (1900–1943), he was sent to Sobibór extermination camp in German occupied Poland sometime in early March 1943, as a specialist in euthanasia. The mass gassing operations at Sobibór were at full throttle already since mid-May 1942. In total, up to 200,000 (or more)[6] mostly Jewish prisoners were murdered there. Wolf was in Sobibór until the prisoner uprising. He liked to hang around the victims' "barber shop" where his brother was a squad leader[7] and watch naked women having their hair shorn off by the Sonderkommando.[14] He supervised the sorting barracks where belongings of the victims were processed, but also led the Waldkommando forest brigade,[8] cutting trees for the fuelling of corpse cremation pyres in the camp's killing zone.[9] ArrestWolf was presented with an arrest warrant in 1964 at Eppelheim[10] as one of a selected twelve former members of the SS camp personnel, which constituted about a quarter of the German staff there. The rest went on to live normal lives. In 1966 the court in Hagen sentenced Wolf to eight years in prison for his role as an overseer of a slave labour commando that sorted the belongings of victims already "processed". Wolf, in his work as the warehouse clerk, was charged with personally killing one Jew and with helping to murder an additional 115,000 Jews. He was found guilty of having assisted in the murder of "at least 39,000 Jews", a number chosen arbitrarily for judicial purposes.[11] Sentenced to eight years in prison, Wolf, age 58 (at the time of his arrest), likely served at least a part of the sentence. This is all that is known about him,[3][4] other than he lived somewhere in Bavaria. His brother, SS-Scharführer Josef Wolf, was killed in the Sobibór uprising.[12] Notes and references1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=lsKWLbPJLnF&b=4441293#.UokrCZHKJZY |title=About Simon Wiesenthal |author= |year=2013 |website=Simon Wiesenthal Center |accessdate=27 September 2014 |at=Section 11 }} {{Sobibór extermination camp}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wolf, Franz}}2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.sopos.org/aufsaetze/4bdfd55e42f57/1.phtml |title=Der Alibiprozeß |publisher=Ossietzky 9/2010 |work=Den Aufsatz kommentieren |year=2010 |accessdate=27 September 2014 |last=Hartmann |first= Ralph |language=German }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.sobibor.info/murderers.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504213347/http://www.sobibor.info/murderers.html |title=Murderers |publisher=Thomas T. Blatt |work=The Forgotten Revolt |accessdate=27 September 2014 |archivedate=4 May 2008 |quote=3. Wolf, Franz, warehouse clerk; arrested in 1964.}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.holocaustresearchproject.net/ar/sobibor.html |title=The Sobibor Trial |publisher=H.E.A.R.T – Holocaust Research Project.org |work=The Sobibor Death Camp |year=2009 |accessdate=27 September 2014 |author1=Chris Webb |author2=Carmelo Lisciotto |author3=Victor Smart |quote=20 December 1966, the following sentences were handed out: Franz Wolf. Arrested in 1964. Found guilty of participation in the mass murder of at least 39,000 Jews. }} 5. ^{{cite journal |url=https://ww1.cpa-apc.org/Publications/Archives/CJP/2005/march2/cjp-mar2-05-Seeman-RP.pdf |title=Psychiatry in the Nazi Era |journal=Can J Psychiatry|volume=50|issue=4 |date=March 2005 |accessdate=27 September 2014 |author=Mary V Seeman, MD |page=223 |format=PDF file, direct download}} 6. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=--fhfkLjI8AC&lpg=PA272&ots=Baznxm7jDl&dq=Sobibor%20200%2C000&pg=PA272#v=onepage&q=Sobibor%20200,000&f=false |title=Lessons and Legacies VII: The Holocaust in International Perspective |publisher=Northwestern University Press |year=2006 |accessdate=11 October 2014 |author1=Peter Hayes |author2=Dagmar Herzog |page=272 |quote=Between May 1942 and October 1943 some 200,000 to 250,000 Jews were killed at Sobibor according to the recently published Holocaust Encyclopedia edited by Judith Tydor Baumel.}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ar/Jewish%20Kommando/jewishkommando.html |title=SS man Josef Wolf at The Hair Cutters ( Friseurs) |publisher=Holocaust Research Project.org |work=Jewish Working Kommando's in the Aktion Reinhard Death Camps |year=2007 |accessdate=2 October 2014 |author=S.J., H.E.A.R.T}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.sobiborinterviews.nl/en/extermination-camp/biographies-of-ss-men |title=WOLF, Franz (9 April 1907, Krummau) |publisher=Sobibor Interviews.nl |work=Biographies of SS-men |year=2014 |accessdate=27 September 2014 |author=De Ree Archiefsystemen}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.deathcamps.org/reinhard/work_commandos.html |title=The Forest Team (Waldkommando) |publisher=ARC, Death Camps.org |work=Jewish Work Commandos in the Death Camps |date=1 May 2006 |accessdate=2 October 2014 |author=ARC}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.zeit.de/1966/13/ohne-scham-und-ohne-reue |title=Ohne Scham und ohne Reue |publisher=DIE ZEIT Archiv. Ausgabe 13/1966 |date=25 March 1966 |accessdate=28 September 2014 |language=German}} 11. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.adelaideinstitute.org/HomePage28April2009/Belzec%20Sobibor%20Treblinka%20Holocaust%20Controversies.pdf |title=Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka |publisher=Holocaust Controversies, First Edition |date=December 2011 |accessdate=9 October 2014 |author1=J. Harrison |author2=R. Muehlenkamp |author3=J. Myers |author4=S. Romanov |author5=N. Terry | pages=459 (PDF, 460) / 571 | quote=Source: Urteil LG Hagen, 20 December 1966, 11 Ks 1/64. The Hagen Court expressly pointed out that the total figure it arrived at made no claim to historical completeness but was merely a minimum number established for judicial purposes. |format=PDF file, direct download 5.30 MB}} 12. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OB1nAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Josef+Wolf%22#v=snippet&q=%22Josef%20Wolf%22&f=false |title=Josef Wolf |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |work=Sobibor: A History of a Nazi Death Camp |date=May 20, 2014 |accessdate=2 October 2014 |author=Jules Schelvis |pages=155, 175 |isbn=1-4725-8906-8}} 9 : SS non-commissioned officers|Sobibór extermination camp personnel|1907 births|Action T4 personnel|Year of death missing|People from Český Krumlov|People convicted in the Sobibór trial|Czechoslovak military personnel|German military personnel of World War II |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。