| 词条 | Frederick Augustus Genth |
| 释义 |
|name = Frederick Augustus Genth |image = Frederick Augustus Genth.jpg |image_size = |caption = |birth_date = {{birth date|1820|5|17}} |birth_place = Wächtersbach, Hesse-Cassel, Germany |residence = |nationality = German later American |death_date = {{death date and age|1893|2|27|1820|5|17}} |death_place = Philadelphia, United States |field = |work_institution = University of Pennsylvania |alma_mater = University of Marburg |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = }}Frederick Augustus Ludwig Karl Wilhelm Genth (born in Wächtersbach, Hesse-Cassel, 17 May 1820; died in Philadelphia 2 February 1893) was a German-American chemist, specializing in analytical chemistry and mineralogy. BiographyGenth studied at the Hanau gymnasium and at the University of Heidelberg, under Justus von Liebig at Giessen, and finally under Christian Gerling (physics) and Robert Bunsen (chemistry) at Marburg, where he received the degree of Ph.D. in 1846. For three years (1845-1848) he acted as assistant to Bunsen. In 1848, Genth emigrated to the United States. He settled in Philadelphia and organized an analytical laboratory. In 1872 he was appointed professor of chemistry and mineralogy in the University of Pennsylvania. He resigned his professorship in 1888, and re-established his laboratory. He also held the office of chemist to the Geological Survey of Pennsylvania and also to the board of agriculture of that state. Genth was a member of many scientific societies in the United States: he was elected in 1872 to membership in the National Academy of Sciences; he was a member of the American Philosophical Society (1854–93), one of the founders of the American Chemical Society, and its president in 1880, and a fellow of the Boston Academy of Arts and Sciences. Benjamin Silliman, Jr., alluded to Genth as having "no superior in this country as an analytical chemist." PublicationsGenth contributed many and careful analyses of minerals to the literature of chemistry. His name is associated with the ammonia cobalt bases which he discovered in 1846, and, in joint authorship with Wolcott Gibbs, he contributed to the "Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge" a monograph on "Researches on the Ammonia-Cobalt Bases" (Washington, 1856). Genth is the author of 102 separate papers on subjects in chemistry and mineralogy. Of these, about 30 were not related to mineralogy. Among the non-mineralogical papers were papers on fertilizers, which were related to his work for the Pennsylvania Board of Agriculture.[1] He also published "Tabellarische Übersicht der wichtigsten Reactionen welche Basen in Salzen zeigen" (Marburg, 1845), also the same in relation to "Acids" (1845); "Corundum" (in American Philosophical Society Proceedings, 1873); "Minerals of North Carolina," being appendix "C" of the Report on the Geology of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1875); also First and Second Preliminary Reports on the Mineralogy of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1875/6), and Minerals and Mineral Localities of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1881). Minerals discovered and characterizedGenth was first to describe and characterize a number of new minerals, often ores of tellurium. Among those still recognized today are: melonite, calaverite, cosalite, schirmerite, coloradoite, montanite, kerrite, maconite, willcoxite, dudleyite, endlichite, landsfordite, nesquehonite, phosphuranylite, and penfieldite.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} FamilyHe married twice, the first time to Karolina Jäger (1847), with whom he had three children, the second time to Paulina Fischer (1852), with whom he had nine children.[1] Notes1. ^1 {{Cite DAB|title=Genth, Frederick Augustus |year=1936}} References
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11 : 1820 births|1893 deaths|American chemists|American mineralogists|German emigrants to the United States|Heidelberg University alumni|University of Marburg alumni|University of Giessen alumni|University of Pennsylvania faculty|People from Hesse|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences |
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