| 词条 | Frederick Charles Lincoln |
| 释义 |
| name = Frederick C. Lincoln | image = Frederick Charles Lincoln, at his desk.jpg | caption = Lincoln at his desk. From the U.S. National Archives and the U.S. Bird Banding Laboratory. | birth_date = {{Birth date|1892|5|5}} | birth_place = Denver, Colorado | death_date = {{Death date and age|1960|9|16|1892|5|5}} | death_place = Washington, D.C. | resting_place = Arlington National Cemetery | nationality = United States | fields = Ornithology | workplaces = | alma mater = | known_for = Lincoln index, flyway concept | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = }} Frederick Charles Lincoln (5 May 1892 – 16 September 1960) was an American ornithologist. Early life and familyLincoln was born on 5 May 1892 in Denver, Colorado.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}} CareerAs a teenager working at the Colorado Museum of Natural History in 1909, Lincoln learned to prepare specimens from Alexander Wetmore (who was then a student working at the museum) and L. J. Hershey, the museum's Curator of Ornithology.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}}{{sfnp|Tautin|2005}} Lincoln's interest in birds continued to develop, and he eventually went on to succeed Hershey as curator in 1913, a post which he held until 1920.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}}{{sfnp|Tautin|2005}} He took time out in 1918–1919 to serve as pigeon expert in the U.S. Army Signal Corps.{{sfnp|Tautin|2005}} The professional relationship with Wetmore would continue: the two scientists took field trips together in Washington and Hispaniola and co-wrote eight publications.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}} In 1920, Lincoln joined the U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey (at the time, a unit of the United States Department of Agriculture, and now part of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service [1]) and was given the task of organizing and expanding the bird banding program nationwide.{{sfnp|Tautin|2005}} The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 had established federal responsibility for migratory birds; the result was that the North American Bird Banding Program took the place of earlier smaller-scale efforts by individuals and the short-lived American Bird Banding Association. During the period of his tenure, 1920–1946, Lincoln was highly influential: he improved methods for trapping and banding, developed record-keeping procedures, recruited banders, fostered international cooperation, and promoted banding as a tool for research and wildlife management.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}}{{sfnp|Tautin|2005}} He proposed a means to estimate the continent-wide population size of a bird species, using reports from hunters and counting "returns" (birds killed that are wearing bands); this metric became known as the Lincoln index.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}} He developed the flyway concept, a key idea in the management and regulation of hunting of migratory birds.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}} Lincoln joined the American Ornithologists' Union in 1910 and was elected a Fellow of the organization in 1934.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}}[2] Later life and deathLincoln died on 16 September 1960 in Washington, D.C. and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}} Legacy and recognitionLincoln received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Colorado in 1956; in 1957, the Department of the Interior recognized him with its Distinguished Service Award.{{sfnp|Gabrielson|1962}} Selected publications
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Who We Are|url=http://www.fws.gov/who/|publisher=U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service|accessdate=4 June 2013}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last=Palmer|first=T. S.|title=The Fifty-Second Stated Meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union|journal=The Auk|date=January–March 1935|volume=52|issue=1|pages=53–63|url=http://sora.unm.edu/node/16621|accessdate=24 May 2013|doi=10.2307/4077107}} Bibliography
|last=Tautin |first=John |title=Frederick C. Lincoln and the Formation of the North American Bird Banding Program |booktitle=Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas |conference=Third International Partners in Flight Conference. 2002 March 20–24; Asilomar, California |accessdate=21 May 2012 |pages=813–814 |url=http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr191/psw_gtr191_0813-0814_tatuin.pdf |format=PDF |id=Gen. Tech. Rep. GTR-PSW-191 |publisher=U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station |location=Albany, California |publication-date=2005 |editor1-first=C. John |editor1-last=Ralph |editor2-first=Terrell D. |editor2-last=Rich |ref=harv}} External links{{commonscat|Frederick Charles Lincoln}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lincoln, Frederick Charles}} 4 : American ornithologists|1892 births|1960 deaths|People from Denver |
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