| 词条 | Frederick Dudley Travers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Frederick Dudley Travers | image = | caption = | birth_date = 15 February 1897 | death_date = | birth_place = York, England | death_place = | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = United Kingdom | branch = British Army Royal Air Force | serviceyears = {{circa}}1915–1954 | rank = Captain | unit = Hertfordshire Yeomanry No. 47 Squadron RFC No. 17 Squadron RFC No. 150 Squadron RAF | commands = | battles = World War I {{*}}Macedonian Front | awards = Distinguished Flying Cross Croix de guerre (France) | relations = | laterwork = Aviation pioneer in two continents; expert pilot of flying boats }} Captain Frederick Dudley Travers {{post-nominals|country=GBR|DFC}} was an English World War I flying ace credited with nine aerial victories. His later life saw his continued service to his nation in both the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve and in civil aviation. He pioneered air routes into Africa, the Middle East, and India. He also became proficient in piloting flying boats. He flew civilian aircraft into the war zones during World War II. By the end of his civil aviation career, he had flown over two million miles and logged 19,000 accident-free flying hours. Upon his retirement from the RAF, he had served for almost four decades. Early lifeFrederick Dudley Travers was born in York, England, on 15 February 1897.[1] World War ITravers served initially in the Hertfordshire Yeomanry of the Territorial Force, rising to the rank of lance corporal. He graduated from Inns of Court Officers Training Corps and was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 1 January 1916.[2] He was seconded to the Royal Flying Corps, and first served in No. 47 Squadron. He was promoted to lieutenant in the Yeomanry on 1 July 1917, while still serving in the RFC.[3] His first aerial victory came on 19 December 1917, flying a B.E.12 in No. 17 Squadron RFC on the Macedonian Front. He was then transferred to No. 150 Squadron RAF, to fly the S.E.5a. He gained two more victories in May 1918, and one in June. In September he gained five more victories while flying a Bristol M.1c.[1] Travers was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, which was gazetted on 29 November 1918. His citation read: "A gallant and able officer who has displayed on many occasions boldness in attack, never hesitating to engage the enemy as opportunity occurs. On June 1st he, in company with two other pilots, attacked a hostile formation of twelve machines; four off these were shot down and the remainder driven off."[4] He also received the Croix de guerre with Palme from France in February 1919.[5] List of aerial victories{{See also|Aerial victory standards of World War I}}
Between the World WarsMilitary careerOn 5 December 1919, he was granted a short service commission as a flying officer.[6] Travers transferred to the Class A Reserve of the Royal Air Force on 5 December 1922.[7] He kept his reserve status in various capacities[8][9] until 5 December 1940, when he was ranked as a flight lieutenant.[10] Career in civil aviationTravers began his civil aviation career as an air taxi pilot.[11] On 20 February 1924, he was elected to membership in the Royal Aero Club.[12] In 1926, he began flying for Imperial Airways; he pioneered air service to Egypt for them that year. Flying from Heliopolis, he opened air routes between Cairo, Baghdad, and Basra.[11] In 1929, Flight magazine noted that Travers, as senior pilot of the Middle East Division of Imperial Airways had made the first air mail flights to and from India.[13] World War II and beyondDuring World War II, Travers continued in civil aviation; however, he was piloting flying boats from the United Kingdom to India and West Africa.[11] By 1942, Travers was noted as having flown two million air miles.[14] As part of his sovereign's birthday honours for 1944, Captain Travers was commended for "valuable service in the air" while employed by British Overseas Airways Corporation.[15] By late 1945, Travers was ferrying a Short Sunderland flying boat to Buenos Aires for Company Dodero Navigation Argentina SA shipping lines.[16] In early May 1947, Travers was feted at a BOAC luncheon banquet hosted by Lord Knollys to celebrate Travers' retirement from the company after 30 years flying. It was noted that in his 19,000 flying hours, he had never had an accident.[11] Travers' retirement plans included work on development of the Saunders-Roe flying boat.[17] On 10 February 1954, Frederick Dudley Travers surrendered his commission in the Royal Air Force Reserve of Officers.[18] In his retirement, he made his home in Kenya. He was still alive and available for an interview with famed aviation historian Norman Franks as late as 1968.{{sfnp|Franks|2007|p=85}} References
1. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/england/travers1.php |title=Frederick Dudley Travers |work=The Aerodrome |year=2016 |accessdate=17 September 2011}} 2. ^{{London Gazette |issue=29430 |date=6 January 1916 |page=329 |supp=y}} 3. ^{{London Gazette |issue=30535 |date=21 February 1918 |page=2297 |supp=y |nolink=yes}} 4. ^{{London Gazette |issue=31046 |date=29 November 1918 |page=14326 |supp=y |nolink=yes}} 5. ^{{London Gazette |city=e |issue=13400 |date=11 February 1919 |page=808}} 6. ^{{London Gazette |issue=31674 |date=5 December 1919 |page=15061 |nolink=yes}} 7. ^{{London Gazette |issue=32774 |date=5 December 1922 |page=8616 |nolink=yes}} 8. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34230 |date=10 December 1935 |page=7957 |nolink=yes}} 9. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34388 |date=13 April 1937 |page=2381 |nolink=yes}} 10. ^{{London Gazette |issue=34810 |date=12 March 1940 |page=1475 |nolink=yes}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1947/1947%20-%200499.html |title=Thirty Years' Route Flying |issue=1997 |volume=LI |page=299 |journal=Flight |date=3 April 1947 |accessdate=23 September 2011}} 12. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1924/1924%20-%200118.html |title=Royal Aero Club: Election of Members |issue=792 |volume=XVI |page=118 |journal=Flight |date=28 February 1924 |accessdate=22 September 2011}} 13. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1929/1929%20-%201034.html |title=Private Flying: Amongst The Light 'Plane Tourists |issue=1064 |volume=XXI |page=406 |journal=Flight |date=16 May 1929 |accessdate=22 September 2011}} 14. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1942/1942%20-%202119.html |title=Seven Figure Veteran |issue=1763 |volume=XLII |page=399 |journal=Flight |date=8 October 1942 |accessdate=23 September 2011}} 15. ^{{London Gazette |issue=36547 |date=10 June 1944 |page=2682 |supp=y |nolink=yes}} 16. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1945/1945%20-%202329.html |title="Civilised" Sunderland |issue=1927 |volume=XLVIII |page=572 |journal=Flight |date=29 November 1945 |accessdate=23 September 2011}} 17. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1947/1947%20-%200708.html |title=B.O.A.C. Captains Honoured |issue=2002 |volume=LI |page=414 |journal=Flight |date=8 May 1947 |accessdate=22 September 2011}} 18. ^{{London Gazette |issue=40375 |date=4 January 1955 |page=90 |supp=y |nolink=yes}}
9 : 1897 births|year of death missing|People from York|Hertfordshire Yeomanry soldiers|Royal Flying Corps officers|Royal Air Force personnel of World War I|British World War I flying aces|Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France) |
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