| 词条 | Fred Young (director) |
| 释义 |
| name = Fred Young | image = Fred Young Indies.jpg | image_size = 150px | alt = An older Chinese man looking at the camera | caption = Unknown year | birth_name = 楊中義 Njoo Tiong Gie | birth_date = 31 October 1900 | birth_place = Semarang, Dutch East Indies | death_date ={{Death date and age|df=yes|1977|06|02|1900|10|31}} | death_place = Malang, Indonesia | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = | other_names = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = Filmmaker | years_active = 1940–1974 | notable_works = | spouse = | children = | parents = | relatives = }} Fred Young (31 October 1900 – 2 June 1977) was an ethnic Chinese film director and producer active in the Dutch East Indies and its successor state, Indonesia. He reportedly studied film in Hollywood as a youth, but only entered the nation's film industry in 1940. After he made his debut as a writer with Sorga Palsoe, he was involved in some 36 productions, 23 as director. BiographyYoung was born in Semarang, Central Java, to Chinese parents{{sfn|Sun|2006|p=122}} on 31 October 1900. He had a junior high school education in the Dutch East Indies.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Fred Young}} However, he reportedly was in Los Angeles, US, by the 1920s, learning about film with The Teng Chun and Nelson Wong.{{sfn|Biran|2009|p=188}} Young would work with The later in his career.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, The Teng Chun}} Young entered the film industry in 1940 when he wrote Sorga Palsoe (False Paradise).{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Fred Young}} Later that year he joined with SI Liem to establish Majestic Film in Batavia (now Jakarta).{{sfn|Biran|2009|p=240}} The company's first production, Djantoeng Hati, was directed by Njoo Cheong Seng, with Liem and Young serving as producers.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Djantoeng Hati}} Majestic's second production, Air Mata Iboe (Mother's Tears; 1941), a tragedy which followed a young man who takes vengeance on his siblings after they refuse to shelter their mother, was produced by Young, directed by Njoo, and starred Njoo's wife Fifi Young (no relation).{{sfn|Biran|2009|pp=239–241}}{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Iboe}} When the Japanese occupied the Indies beginning in 1942, closing all but one film studio.{{sfn|Biran|2009|pp=319, 332}} Young went into the theatre, establishing the Bintang Soerabaja theatre company. He did not return to film until 1949, after Indonesia proclaimed its independence, when he helped establish the Bintang Soerabaja Film Company and made his directorial debut, Sehidup Semati. That year he made one further film, Sapu Tangan.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Fred Young}} Young remained highly active throughout the 1950s,{{sfn|Sun|2006|p=122}} directing, writing, or producing 24 films in that decade alone.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Filmography}} During the 1960s, during a time of increased discrimination against Chinese Indonesians, he began to write under the Indonesian-sounding pen name Utomo.{{sfn|Sun|2006|p=122}} By the mid 1960s he had slowed in his filmmaking, but made a short resurgence in the 1970s. He died in Malang, East Java, on 2 June 1977.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Fred Young}} FilmographyDuring his career Young was involved in 36 films, directing 23 of them.{{sfn|Filmindonesia.or.id, Filmography}} {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
ReferencesFootnotesBibliography{{refbegin|40em}}
|title=Air Mata Iboe |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-a011-41-909395_air-mata-iboe |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfidan Foundation |location=Jakarta |accessdate=25 July 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69Qs87SY9?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-a011-41-909395_air-mata-iboe |archivedate=25 July 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Air Mata Iboe}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
| title = Bikin Film di Jawa |trans-title=History of Film 1900–1950: Making Films in Java | language = Indonesian | last = Biran | first = Misbach Yusa | authorlink = Misbach Yusa Biran | location = Jakarta | publisher = Komunitas Bamboo working with the Jakarta Art Council | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-979-3731-58-2 | ref = harv
|title=Djantoeng Hati |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-d013-41-163161_djantoeng-hati |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfidan Foundation |location=Jakarta |accessdate=25 July 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69QsKAeFn?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/title/lf-d013-41-163161_djantoeng-hati |archivedate=25 July 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Djantoeng Hati}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|title=Fred Young |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3b7af11_Fred-Young#.UGF4tKA24gc |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfidan Foundation |archivedate=25 September 2012 |accessdate=25 September 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AwFOkSNM?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3b7af11_Fred-Young |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Fred Young}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|title=Fred Young {{!}} Filmografi |trans-title=Fred Young {{!}} Filmography |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3b7af11_fred-young/filmography |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfidan Foundation |location=Jakarta |accessdate=23 September 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6AtEUzJs3?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b9bad3b7af11_fred-young/filmography |archivedate=23 September 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, Filmography}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HAsB54UlQE8C |title=Media and the Chinese Diaspora |isbn=978-1-134-26359-2 |last1=Sun |first1=Wanning |publisher=Routledge |location=New York |year=2006 |ref=harv }}
|title=The Teng Chun |language=Indonesian |url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b8501c11b793_the-teng-chun |work=filmindonesia.or.id |publisher=Konfidan Foundation |location=Jakarta |accessdate=26 July 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69RiLVFMh?url=http://filmindonesia.or.id/movie/name/nmp4b8501c11b793_the-teng-chun |archivedate=26 July 2012 |ref={{sfnRef|Filmindonesia.or.id, The Teng Chun}} |deadurl=yes |df= }}{{refend}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Young, Fred}} 9 : 1900 births|1977 deaths|Film directors of the Dutch East Indies|Film producers of the Dutch East Indies|Indonesian film directors|Indonesian film producers|Indonesian people of Chinese descent|Indonesian Hokkien people|Asian film producers |
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