| 词条 | Friends of the Natural History Museum Paris |
| 释义 |
}}{{Infobox non-profit | name = Société des Amis du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle et du Jardin des Plantes | image = Logo Ami nouveau.jpg | caption = Logo of the Friends of the Museum | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | type = Society 1901 law | tax_id = | registration_id = | founded_date = April 1907 | founder = Edmond Perrier | predecessor = | dissolved = | merged = | successor = | location = | addnl_location = | coordinates = | origins = | key_people = Edmond Perrier, Bernard Bodo, Raymond Pujol, Yves Cauzinille, Ghalia Nabi, Christine Sobesky, Paul Varotsis | area_served = | products = | services = Financial and moral aide to the National Museum of Natural History (France) | focus = | mission = | method = | revenue = | disbursed = | expenses = | endowment = | num_volunteers = | num_employees = | num_members = 3000 | affiliations = | subsid = | languages = | owner = | motto = | formerly = | website = http://www.mnhn.fr/fr/propos-museum/societes-soutien-museum/societe-amis-museum-national-histoire-naturelle-jardin-plantes | footnotes = }} The Friends of the Natural History Museum (French: Société des Amis du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle et du Jardin des Plantes or Les Amis du Muséum) is a French non-profit organisation (association loi 1901), created in 1907 and recognized as a charity (reconnue d'utilité publique) in 1926. Its purpose is to give practical and financial support to the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris, France, enrich its collections, zoo, laboratories, greenhouses, gardens and libraries, and to promote scientific research and education related to it. HistoryLes Amis du Muséum was founded in 1907 by Edmond Perrier anatomist, zoologist and President of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. With the success of colonial exhibitions in the early 20th century, many people became interested in the new discoveries being made, but the Muséum could not afford new acquisitions. Perrier decided to create an organisation to support the actions of the Muséum, and assist in their funding. With President Leon Bourgeois, then President of the French Senate, Perrier created Les Amis du Muséum (Articles of Association of the Company, in French). There were many famous personalities among the first members: Raymond Poincaré, Emile Loubet, Paul Doumer and Prince Albert I of Monaco. Their political power was useful in helping to acquire new specimens as well as enhancing the flow of financial aid. In 1909, Les Amis du Muséum acquired its first specimen, an ichthyosaur currently on display in the Gallery of Palaeontology. From the beginning, Les Amis du Muséum organized various activities for its members. 1913 saw the first publication of Les Amis du Muséum, Nouvelles du Muséum,[1] it served to inform members of the activities of the Muséum and is the ancestor of the current Bulletin. It already included at least one scientific paper per issue, such as the number 1933.[2] Numerous issues have been published since despite shutdowns caused by war and lack of funds. The Bulletin continues to be published quarterly and is free for members of Les Amis du Muséum. Since 2012, the Bulletin includes a supplement aimed at younger members. In 1926 under President Paul Doumer, then French Minister of Finance, Les Amis du Muséum is recognised as an official charity (reconnaissance d'utilité publique), which allows them to receive donations and legacies of the French government. In 1935 a junior section is open for members under fifteen years old.[3] Two branches are opened in Arcachon and Tananarive (today’s Antananarivo) with the aim of spreading the action of the Muséum in the French provinces and colonies.[4] This is the year when the logo of Les Amis du Muséum was designed, it represents three fields present at the museum : Mineral, Plant and Animal.[5] From 1940 Les Amis du Muséum closed down and did not reopen until the end of the war. The Bulletin reappeared three years later as the Feuille d'information In 1950s Les Amis du Muséum membership was stagnating due to financial difficulties: the annual fee was deemed too expensive. In 1990, Mr Fontaine, President of Les Amis du Muséum obtained the approval of the Muséum for free entrance to the whole site of the Jardin des Plantes in central Paris. This privilege had been abolished in 1923 and its renewal was appreciated by the public, and allowed the numbers of members to grow again. Acquisitions1909 - Ichthyosaur Fossil [5] 1910 - Drawings by H. Du Moustier de Marsilly 1913 - Insect Specimens for the Entomology laboratory 1933 - Collection of lepidopterist by Hans Fruhstorfer [5] 1993 - Collection of vellums by C. Herpe-Graziani 1995 - Letters from Buffon to Madame Necker - Manuscripts by Marquis de Condorcet 1996 - Amphibian collection from Zaire 1997 - Aquarelle paintings by M. Basseporte "Faune et flore d'Ile de France" 1998 - Baron Cuvier's briefcase 1999 2000 - 11 infographic paintings of insects by G. du Chatenet 2001 - Scientific books for the Zoological department of mammals and birds 2003 - Documents relating to Pierre-Joseph Redouté 2004 - manuscripts by J. H. Fabre for the Harmas 2005 - Natural History manuscripts by Jean H. Fabre 2006 - book by Etienne de Laigue "Singulier traite sur des tortues, escargots et grenouilles et artichauts" [7] 2007 - "Natural history of the squash" by Antoine-Nicolas Duchesne 2009 - Manuscripts by A.-L. de Jussieu, d’A. Thouin, de C. Darwin 2010 - "Flore" by Nicolas François Regnault (85 paintings from the mid-18th century) and photographs by the Duke of Orléans. 2012 - Aid with the publication: "Animal certifié conforme", supervised by B.Lizet et J.Milliet (Ed. Dunod). 2013 - Purchase of the largest ever "Météorite de Draveil" (over 5 kg) for the Muséum. 2014 - Exhibition at CARAN in Paris: "Retour à l’Eden", an expedition of 18th-century Tasmania. Presidents1907 - 1922 Leon Bourgeois, French politician and sculptor 1922 - 1931 Paul Doumer, French President 1932 - 1945 Marcel Olivier, author and governor of Madagascar 1945 - 1961 Jules Marcel de Coppet, governor of Madagascar 1961 - 1968 Julien Marnier-Lapostolle, botanist 1968 - 1969 Robert Genty, colonel 1970 - 1980 Maurice Genevoix, French poet and author 1981 - 1991 Maurice Fontaine, eminent French biologist 1991 - 2004 Yves Laissus, archivist palaeographer, former director of the Central Library of the Museum and General Inspector of the Libraries of France 2004 - 2016 Jean-Pierre Gasc, emeritus professor of the Museum (a specialist in the locomotion of vertebrates) Since 2016 Bernard Bodo, emeritus professor of the Museum (a specialist in the "chemistry of natural substances"[8]) Services [9]Les Amis du Muséum currently has nearly 3,000 members and helps the Muséum in several ways:
Les Amis du Muséum offers many benefits to its members:
FunctioningLes Amis du Muséum is managed by a board composed of sixteen to twenty members elected by secret ballot for four years by the General Assembly, and selected categories of members that make up the assembly. The professors of the Museum that are part of the organisation are ex-officio members of the board (list of directors). Board renewal takes place by quarter. The outgoing members are eligible for reappointment. The board elects from among its members by secret ballot, a Bureau composed of a President, two Vice-Presidents, a Secretary, a Treasurer and possibly an Assistant Treasurer. Former Presidents may be appointed Honorary Presidents. Members of the bureau are elected for one year, except for the Secretary General who is elected for four years. The Board meets at least once every six months and whenever convened by its President or at the request of a quarter of its members. The presence of one third of the Board is necessary for the validity of the proceedings. The sessions of the Board are recorded in its Minutes that are signed by the President and the Secretary General. They are transcribed without white spaces or erasures on a register, numbered and initialled by the prefect of Paris or his delegate. The members of the Board receive no remuneration for their duties. Only expense reimbursements are permitted[9] Notes and referencesNotes1. ^Soc. Amis du Muséum. (1947). Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Paris: National Print. [https://books.google.com/books?id=tKAcAQAAMAAJ&q=Amis+du+Mus%C3%A9um+national+d%27Histoire+naturelle&dq=Amis+du+Mus%C3%A9um+national+d%27Histoire+naturelle&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aNr4U6mwKImX1AX8goDIDQ&ved=0CEwQ6AEwBw Lien] 2. ^Lester, P. (1933). La Mission scientifique de l'Omo. Journal of Société des Africanistes. 3 (3-2), p347-348 Lien 3. ^(1935) Bulletin du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Paris: National Print. [https://books.google.com/books?id=7XUeAQAAMAAJ&q=%22La+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Amis+du+Mus%C3%A9um+national+d%27Histoire+naturelle+et+du+Jardin+des+Plantes%22+-wikipedia&dq=%22La+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+Amis+du+Mus%C3%A9um+national+d%27Histoire+naturelle+et+du+Jardin+des+Plantes%22+-wikipedia&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J8n4U7jSJ6Kx0QWUzYDwBA&ved=0CB8Q6AEwAA Lien] 4. ^Soc. Amis du Muséum. (1939). La Terre et la vie. 9 (4) [https://books.google.com/books?id=wgocAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+amis+du+mus%C3%A9um+national%22&dq=%22Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+des+amis+du+mus%C3%A9um+national%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=L9b4U52pDfDZ0QW6pIDgBg&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAg Lien] 5. ^1 2 Laissus, Y. (2007). Spécial Centenaire (1907-2007). Bulletin des Amis du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 230 (Historique), {{p.|12-42}} 6. ^Heurtel, P et al. (2000). Dix années d'enrichissement du patrimoine (1990-2000). Paris: Éditions du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle 7. ^Heurtel, P et al. (2010). Acquisitions Patrimoniales (2001-2010). Paris: Éditions du Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. 8. ^Chimie des substances naturelles (literally "chemistry of natural substances") is a commonly taught discipline in French universities and in the French academic milieu. 9. ^1 http://www.mnhn.fr/fr/propos-museum/societes-soutien-museum/societe-amis-museum-national-histoire-naturelle-jardin-plantes References 1 : Organizations based in Paris |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。