| 释义 |
- Phonology Initials Rimes Tones Perseverative assimilation Anticipatory assimilation Tone sandhi
- References
{{more citations needed|date=November 2014}}{{Infobox language
|name=Fu'an dialect
|nativename=
|states=Southern China
|region=Ningde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong, Fujian province
|speakers= ?
|ref=
|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan
|fam2=Chinese
|fam3=Min
|fam4=Coastal Min
|fam5=Eastern Min
|isoexception=dialect
|iso6=fuua
|glotto=none
|lingua=79-AAA-ibc
}}The Fu'an dialect (福安話) is a dialect of Eastern Min, which is a branch of Min Chinese spoken mainly in the eastern part of Fujian Province. The Fu'an dialect covers two city and three counties: Ningde, Fu'an, Shouning, Zhouning and Zherong County. Phonology Fu'an dialect has 18 initials, 50 rimes and 7 tones. Initials | Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Alveolo-palatal | Velar | Glottal |
|---|
| Stop | p}} | pʰ}} | t}} | tʰ}} | k}} | kʰ}} | ʔ}} |
|---|
| Nasal | m}} | n}} | ŋ}} |
|---|
| Fricative | β}}) | f}}) | θ}} | ʒ}}) | ç}}) | x}} |
|---|
| Affricate | ts}} | tsʰ}} |
|---|
| Lateral | l}} |
|---|
| Approximant | j}} | ɰ}} |
|---|
Rimes | Open syllable | i}} | u}} | e}} | ɛ}} | ø}} | œ}} | o}} | ɔ}} | a}} |
|---|
| ui}} | ei}} | ɔi}} | ai}} | | uai}} | | iu}} | eu}} | ɛu}} | ou}} | au}} | | iau}} | | Nasal coda | iŋ}}
(in, im) | uŋ}}
(un, um) | øŋ}}
(øn, øm) | œŋ}}
(œn, œm) | aŋ}}
(an, am) |
|---|
ioŋ}}
(ion, iom) | iaŋ}}
(ian, iam) | uaŋ}}
(uan, uam) | ɛŋ}}
(ɛn, ɛm) | ouŋ}}
(oun, oum) | ɔuŋ}}
(ɔun, ɔum) | | Glottal coda | iʔ}} | uʔ}} | øʔ}} | œʔ}} | oʔ}} | ɔʔ}} | aʔ}} |
|---|
| ioʔ}} | iaʔ}} | | uaʔ}} | | eiʔ}} | ɛiʔ}} | ouʔ}} | ɔuʔ}} | | Nasal | m̝}} | n̝}} | ŋ̍}} | hŋ̍}} |
|---|
Tones | No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | | Tone name | dark level
陰平 | light level
陽平 | rising
上聲 | dark departing
陰去 | light departing
陽去 | dark entering
陰入 | light entering
陽入 |
|---|
| Tone contour | ˧˧˨}} 332 | ˨}} 22 | ˦˨}} 42 | ˧˥}} 35 | ˨˧}} 23 | ˥}} 5 | ˨}} 2 |
|---|
|
Perseverative assimilation | The Coda of the Former Syllable | The initial assimilation of the Latter Syllable |
|---|
Null coda- {{IPA|/k/}}, {{IPA|/kʰ/}} and {{IPA|/h/}} change to null initial;
- {{IPA|/ts/}}, {{IPA|/tsʰ/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} change to null initial, {{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/ʒ/}}.
| /-ŋ/}}- {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/tʰ/}} change to {{IPA|/n/}};
- {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/pʰ/}} change to {{IPA|/m/}};
- {{IPA|/k/}}, {{IPA|/kʰ/}} and {{IPA|/h/}} change to {{IPA|/ŋ/}};
- {{IPA|/ts/}}, {{IPA|/tsʰ/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} change to {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, {{IPA|/n/}} or {{IPA|/ʒ/}}.
| /-k̚/}}- {{IPA|/t/}}, {{IPA|/tʰ/}} change to {{IPA|/l/}};
- {{IPA|/k/}}, {{IPA|/kʰ/}} and {{IPA|/h/}} change to null initial;
- {{IPA|/ts/}}, {{IPA|/tsʰ/}} and {{IPA|/s/}} change to null initial, {{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/ʒ/}}.
| |
Anticipatory assimilation Tone sandhi The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable): dark level
332 | light level
22 | rising
42 | dark departing
35 | light departing
23 | dark entering
5 | light entering
2 | dark level
332 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | light level
22 | 332 | 35+42 | 55 | 44 | 44 | rising
42 | 23+332 | 35+42 | 55 | 44 | 44 | dark departing
35 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | light departing
23 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | dark entering
5 | 55 | 55 | 44 | 44 | light entering
2 | 35+5 | 55 | 44 | 44 | |
References- {{cite book|author=Compilation Commission of Chorography of Fu'an City 福建省福安市地方志编纂委员会|title=Fu an shi zhi 福安市志 ["Chorography of Fu'an City"]|url=http://www.fjsq.gov.cn/frmBokkList.aspx?key=B9A0EC78DBF64A959AFC652303D18584|volume=37|publisher=Fangzhi chubanshe 方志出版社 ["Chorography Press"]|location=Beijing|year=1999|isbn=7-80122-540-6}}.
{{Min Chinese}}{{Chinese_language}} 1 : Eastern Min |