| 词条 | Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = His Grace | name =The Duke of Wellington | honorific-suffix = KG PC | image = Arthur Wellesley Vanity Fair 22 June 1872.jpg | imagesize = 200px | caption = "The son of Waterloo". Wellington as caricatured by Adriano Cecioni in Vanity Fair, June 1872. | order1 = Master of the Horse | term_start1 = 21 January 1853 | term_end1 = 21 February 1858 | monarch1 = Queen Victoria | primeminister1 = The Earl of Aberdeen The Viscount Palmerston | predecessor1 = The Earl of Jersey | successor1 = The Duke of Beaufort | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1807|2|3}} | birth_place = Harley Street, Soho, London, England | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1884|8|13|1807|2|3}} | death_place = Brighton Railway Station, Brighton, Sussex | nationality = British | party = | alma_mater = Christ Church, Oxford Trinity College, Cambridge | spouse = Lady Elizabeth Hay (1820–1904) | parents = Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington The Hon. Catherine Pakenham }} Lieutenant-General Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|sep=,|KG|PC}} (3 February 1807 – 13 August 1884), styled Lord Douro between 1812 and 1814 and Marquess of Douro between 1814 and 1852, was a British soldier and politician. The eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, victor of Waterloo and Prime Minister, he succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1852 and held minor political office as Master of the Horse from 1853 to 1858. In 1858 he was made a Knight of the Garter. Background and educationWellesley was born at Harley Street, Marylebone, London, the eldest son of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and the Honourable Catherine Sarah Dorothea "Kitty" Pakenham, daughter of Edward Pakenham, 2nd Baron Longford. Lord Charles Wellesley was his younger brother and Lord Wellesley, Lord Mornington and Lord Cowley his uncles. He was educated at Temple Grove School, Eton College, Christ Church, Oxford, and Trinity College, Cambridge.[1] He became known by the courtesy title Lord Douro when his father was created Earl of Wellington in 1812 and as Marquess of Douro in 1814 after his father was elevated to a dukedom.[2] Military careerLord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823[3] and in the 71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot in 1825,[4] a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825,[5] a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827,[6] a captain in the Royal Horse Guards in 1828[2] and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps the same year,[7] a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830[2] and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831,[8] a lieutenant-colonel on the unattached list in 1834,[9] a brevet colonel in 1846,[10] a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria (Middlesex) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853[2] and a major-general in 1854.[11] Political careerLord Douro was returned to parliament for Aldeburgh in 1829, a seat he held until 1832.[2][12] He was out of parliament until 1837, when he was returned for Norwich.[2][13] In 1852 he succeeded his father in the dukedom and entered the House of Lords.[2] In early 1853 he was sworn of the Privy Council[14] and appointed Master of the Horse in Lord Aberdeen's coalition government,[15] a post he retained when Lord Palmerston became prime minister in 1855. He resigned along with the rest of the Palmerston government in 1858.[2] The latter year he was made a Knight of the Garter.[16] In 1863 Wellington inherited the earldom of Mornington on the death of his cousin William Pole-Tylney-Long-Wellesley, 5th Earl of Mornington. From 1868 to 1884 he was Lord-Lieutenant of Middlesex.[2] FamilyWellington married Lady Elizabeth Hay, daughter of Field Marshal George Hay, 8th Marquess of Tweeddale, in 1839. They had no children.[2] The marriage was not a happy one although Lady Elizabeth was a great favourite with her father-in-law.[17] On succeeding his illustrious father he was said to have remarked: "Imagine what it will be when the Duke of Wellington is announced, and only I walk in the room."{{Cite quote|date=January 2009}} The relationship between father and son is often described as the classic case of the son of a famous father who is never able to live up to his legacy.[18] Wellington died at Brighton Railway Station, Brighton, Sussex, in August 1884, aged 77, and was buried at the family seat Stratfield Saye House, Hampshire. He was succeeded by his nephew, Henry. The Duchess of Wellington died at Bearhill Park, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey, in August 1904, aged 83, and was buried at Stratfield Saye House.[2] In literatureThe Bronte children portrayed the first Duke of Wellington and his two sons in their imaginary games about the colonisation of Africa. They wrote many stories about Arthur, with Charlotte assuming the character of Charles as the "author" of these stories. As Charlotte and Branwell moved into their teenage years and used Lord Byron's writings as inspiration, they focused on Arthur as a romantic, heroic figure. He was known to them as the Duke of Zamorna, and later as Emperor Adrian of Angria. Elements of his character formed the basis for Edward Rochester in Jane Eyre.[19][20][21][22] Thomas Raikes ("the Younger") (3 October 1777 – 3 July 1848) a British merchant banker, dandy and diarist was a close childhood friend, travelling and gambling companion of Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington. His journals Two volumes of Private Correspondence with the 2nd Duke of Wellington and other Distinguished Contemporaries were published in 1861. Styles
References1. ^{{acad|id= WLSY825AR|name=Wellesley, Arthur Richard, Marquess of Douro}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 thepeerage.com Lt.-Gen. Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd Duke of Wellington 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue=17911|page=540|date=5 April 1823}} 4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=18147|page=1071|date=18 June 1825}} 5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=18147|page=1068|date=18 June 1825}} 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=18381|page=1589|date=24 July 1827}} 7. ^{{London Gazette|issue=18493|page=1494|date=5 August 1828}} 8. ^{{London Gazette|issue=18832|page=1562|date=2 August 1831}} 9. ^{{London Gazette|issue=19181|page=1480|date=12 August 1834}} 10. ^{{London Gazette|issue=20660|supp=1|page=3990|date=10 November 1846}} 11. ^{{London Gazette|issue=21564|page=1933|date=22 June 1854}} 12. ^{{Rayment-hc|a|1|date=March 2012}} 13. ^{{Rayment-hc|n|3|date=March 2012}} 14. ^{{London Gazette |issue=21409 |date=8 February 1853 |page=330 }} 15. ^{{London Gazette |issue=21404 |date=21 January 1853 |page=163 }} 16. ^{{London Gazette |issue=22118 |date=26 March 1858 |page=1575 }} 17. ^Longford, Elizabeth. Wellington-Elder Statesman. Weidenfeld & Nicolson London 1972. 18. ^Longford op.cit. 19. ^Elizabeth Gaskell, The Life of Charlotte Bronte. Smith & Elder, 1857. Entire text online at Gutenberg. 20. ^Fannie Elizabeth Ratchford, Legends of Angria. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1933. 21. ^Fannie Elizabeth Ratchford, The Brontes' Web of Childhood. Columbia University Press, 1941. 22. ^Charlotte and Branwell Bronte, Miscellaneous and Unpublished Writings. Shakespeare Head edition, 1932. External links
Joshua Walker }}{{s-ttl | title = Member of Parliament for Aldeburgh | with = Joshua Walker 1829 | with2 = Spencer Kilderbee 1829–1830 | with3 = John Croker 1830–1832 | years = 1829–1832 }}{{s-non | reason = Constituency abolished }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Norwich | with = Robert Scarlet 1835–1838 | with2 = Benjamin Smith 1838–1847 | with3 = Morton Peto 1847–1854 | before = Viscount Stormont Robert Scarlet | after = Sir Samuel Peto Edward Warner | years = 1837–1852 }}{{s-off}}{{succession box|title=Master of the Horse|before=The Earl of Jersey|after=The Duke of Beaufort|years=1853–1858}}{{s-hon}}{{succession box | before=The Marquess of Salisbury | title=Lord Lieutenant of Middlesex | years=1868–1884 | after=Viscount Enfield}}{{s-reg|uk}}{{s-bef | before=Arthur Wellesley}}{{s-ttl | title=Duke of Wellington | years=1852–1884}}{{s-aft | after=Henry Wellesley}}{{s-reg|ie}}{{s-bef | before=William Pole-Tylney-Long-Wellesley}}{{s-ttl | title=Earl of Mornington | years=1863–1884}}{{s-aft | after=Henry Wellesley}}{{s-reg|nl}}{{succession box |after=Henry Wellesley | before=Arthur Wellesley | title=Prince of Waterloo | years=1852–1884}}{{s-reg|es}}{{succession box |after=Henry Wellesley | before=Arthur Wellesley | title=Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo | years=1852–1884}}{{s-reg|pt}}{{succession box |after=Henry Wellesley | before=Arthur Wellesley | title=Duke of Victoria | years=1852–1884}}{{s-end}}{{Wellesley}}{{Dukes of Wellington}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 2nd Duke Of}} 32 : 1807 births|1884 deaths|19th-century English people|English people of Irish descent|People educated at Eton College|People educated at Temple Grove School|Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford|Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge|Wellesley family|British Army generals|Children of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom|Dukes of Ciudad Rodrigo|Dukes of Wellington|Dukes da Vitória|Knights of the Garter|Lord-Lieutenants of Middlesex|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies|Princes of Waterloo|Dutch nobility|UK MPs 1826–30|UK MPs 1830–31|UK MPs 1831–32|UK MPs 1837–41|UK MPs 1841–47|UK MPs 1847–52|King's Royal Rifle Corps officers|Rifle Brigade officers|Royal Horse Guards officers|81st Regiment of Foot officers|71st Highlanders officers|Middlesex Rifle Volunteers officers |
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